Kerianne Piester
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198781837
- eISBN:
- 9780191598968
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198781830.003.0019
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Responding to the crisis of shrinking state budgets and rising social demands in the 1980s, the Mexican government experimented with a new participatory poverty alleviation model. Targeting the poor ...
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Responding to the crisis of shrinking state budgets and rising social demands in the 1980s, the Mexican government experimented with a new participatory poverty alleviation model. Targeting the poor was seen as a means of undermining mass protest against austerity measures and to address the crisis of Mexico's traditional corporate institutions for representation and control. Facing new party competition and the expansion of autonomous grassroots organizations, the PRI government sought to create new linkages with society through a series of poverty programmes. Examines the Popular Housing Fund, the National Food Distribution Program, and the Solidarity Fund. Clientelism persisted in the first two funds. Within Solidarity, the emphasis of the funds on demand‐based projects opened up new spaces for grassroots organizations to participate in a more autonomous fashion. This proved to be mixed success, dependent on local political conditions and pre‐existing community autonomy.Less
Responding to the crisis of shrinking state budgets and rising social demands in the 1980s, the Mexican government experimented with a new participatory poverty alleviation model. Targeting the poor was seen as a means of undermining mass protest against austerity measures and to address the crisis of Mexico's traditional corporate institutions for representation and control. Facing new party competition and the expansion of autonomous grassroots organizations, the PRI government sought to create new linkages with society through a series of poverty programmes. Examines the Popular Housing Fund, the National Food Distribution Program, and the Solidarity Fund. Clientelism persisted in the first two funds. Within Solidarity, the emphasis of the funds on demand‐based projects opened up new spaces for grassroots organizations to participate in a more autonomous fashion. This proved to be mixed success, dependent on local political conditions and pre‐existing community autonomy.
Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198781837
- eISBN:
- 9780191598968
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198781830.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Highlights a fundamental contradiction in Brazil's democracy: the coexistence of political rights with pervasive human rights abuse. Political violence, condoned by the state, inhibits the extension ...
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Highlights a fundamental contradiction in Brazil's democracy: the coexistence of political rights with pervasive human rights abuse. Political violence, condoned by the state, inhibits the extension of citizenship rights. Brazilian Human Rights NGOs have made significant gains in combating societal and state violence. However, NGOs and other civil society actors are limited in their ability to curb the use of extra‐legal force by the extensive corruption within the state's judicial and security systems and by the lack of accountability in its political society. The ability to extend and to consolidate democracy in Brazil is blocked by the persistence of authoritarian practice within society and state.Less
Highlights a fundamental contradiction in Brazil's democracy: the coexistence of political rights with pervasive human rights abuse. Political violence, condoned by the state, inhibits the extension of citizenship rights. Brazilian Human Rights NGOs have made significant gains in combating societal and state violence. However, NGOs and other civil society actors are limited in their ability to curb the use of extra‐legal force by the extensive corruption within the state's judicial and security systems and by the lack of accountability in its political society. The ability to extend and to consolidate democracy in Brazil is blocked by the persistence of authoritarian practice within society and state.
Myles A. Wickstead
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198744924
- eISBN:
- 9780191806025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744924.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
An A to Z Compendium of eighteen key words and development concepts mentioned in Part One. The key terms provide further background on some of the key international organisations and institutions ...
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An A to Z Compendium of eighteen key words and development concepts mentioned in Part One. The key terms provide further background on some of the key international organisations and institutions with a role in aid and development. They run from A—Aid Effectiveness, through to U—United Nations Development System, and they allow the reader to dip into more detailed ideas and concepts.Less
An A to Z Compendium of eighteen key words and development concepts mentioned in Part One. The key terms provide further background on some of the key international organisations and institutions with a role in aid and development. They run from A—Aid Effectiveness, through to U—United Nations Development System, and they allow the reader to dip into more detailed ideas and concepts.
Amy Austin Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190071455
- eISBN:
- 9780190071486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190071455.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization, Comparative Politics
The second wave of the counterrevolution is covered in chapter 7. With the election of Abdel Fattah El-Sisi as president, the level and form of state repression changed again. During the second wave ...
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The second wave of the counterrevolution is covered in chapter 7. With the election of Abdel Fattah El-Sisi as president, the level and form of state repression changed again. During the second wave of the counterrevolution, the regime turned against civil society at large, including both groups that played no role in mobilizing for street protests and those who had supported the coup or the first wave of the crackdown. The objective was to silence independent civil society: nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), charities, the media, universities, researchers, and minority groups including the LGBTQ community and the Nubian minority. An NGO law criminalized normal NGO activity, including the work of those organizations that were engaging in apolitical work that supported Egypt’s development goals. As a rule, security forces took action before legislation was issued to justify the action.Less
The second wave of the counterrevolution is covered in chapter 7. With the election of Abdel Fattah El-Sisi as president, the level and form of state repression changed again. During the second wave of the counterrevolution, the regime turned against civil society at large, including both groups that played no role in mobilizing for street protests and those who had supported the coup or the first wave of the crackdown. The objective was to silence independent civil society: nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), charities, the media, universities, researchers, and minority groups including the LGBTQ community and the Nubian minority. An NGO law criminalized normal NGO activity, including the work of those organizations that were engaging in apolitical work that supported Egypt’s development goals. As a rule, security forces took action before legislation was issued to justify the action.
Daniel A. Barber
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- October 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199394012
- eISBN:
- 9780190274467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199394012.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, Political History
In the context of the ongoing World Solar Energy Project, two new patterns began to emerge in the late 1950s. One was a new relationship between research and practice in architecture; the other the ...
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In the context of the ongoing World Solar Energy Project, two new patterns began to emerge in the late 1950s. One was a new relationship between research and practice in architecture; the other the role of non-governmental organizations in advocating for different energy futures. Resources for the Future and the Stanford Research Institute began to be interested in the possibilities of solar energy, and worked with engineers and corporate leaders to organize the World Symposium on Applied Solar Energy, in Phoenix, Arizona as well as the Association for Applied Solar Energy that came out of it. These advocacy institutions struggled to define methods to value future needs over present economic gains. Research support was seen as crucial to finding new methods and new criteria for future energy growth; research also came to have an explicit role in the development of modern architecture.Less
In the context of the ongoing World Solar Energy Project, two new patterns began to emerge in the late 1950s. One was a new relationship between research and practice in architecture; the other the role of non-governmental organizations in advocating for different energy futures. Resources for the Future and the Stanford Research Institute began to be interested in the possibilities of solar energy, and worked with engineers and corporate leaders to organize the World Symposium on Applied Solar Energy, in Phoenix, Arizona as well as the Association for Applied Solar Energy that came out of it. These advocacy institutions struggled to define methods to value future needs over present economic gains. Research support was seen as crucial to finding new methods and new criteria for future energy growth; research also came to have an explicit role in the development of modern architecture.
