Natalie Jomini Stroud
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199755509
- eISBN:
- 9780199897162
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755509.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Fox News, MSNBC, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Rush Limbaugh Show, National Public Radio—a list of available political media sources could continue without any apparent end. This ...
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Fox News, MSNBC, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Rush Limbaugh Show, National Public Radio—a list of available political media sources could continue without any apparent end. This book investigates how people navigate these choices. It asks whether people are using media sources that express political views matching their own, a behavior known as partisan selective exposure. By looking at newspaper, cable news, news magazine, talk radio, and political website use, this book offers a look to-date at the extent to which partisanship influences our media selections. Using data from numerous surveys and experiments, the results provide broad evidence about the connection between partisanship and news choices. This book also examines who seeks out likeminded media and why they do it. Perceptions of partisan biases in the media vary—sources that seem quite biased to some don't seem so biased to others. These perceptual differences provide insight into why some people select politically likeminded media—a phenomenon that is democratically consequential. On one hand, citizens may become increasingly divided from using media that coheres with their political beliefs. In this way, partisan selective exposure may result in a more fragmented and polarized public. On the other hand, partisan selective exposure may encourage participation and understanding. Likeminded partisan information may inspire citizens to participate in politics and help them to organize their political thinking. But, ultimately, the partisan use of niche news has some troubling effects. It is vital that we think carefully about the implications both for the conduct of media research and, more broadly, for the progress of democracy.Less
Fox News, MSNBC, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Rush Limbaugh Show, National Public Radio—a list of available political media sources could continue without any apparent end. This book investigates how people navigate these choices. It asks whether people are using media sources that express political views matching their own, a behavior known as partisan selective exposure. By looking at newspaper, cable news, news magazine, talk radio, and political website use, this book offers a look to-date at the extent to which partisanship influences our media selections. Using data from numerous surveys and experiments, the results provide broad evidence about the connection between partisanship and news choices. This book also examines who seeks out likeminded media and why they do it. Perceptions of partisan biases in the media vary—sources that seem quite biased to some don't seem so biased to others. These perceptual differences provide insight into why some people select politically likeminded media—a phenomenon that is democratically consequential. On one hand, citizens may become increasingly divided from using media that coheres with their political beliefs. In this way, partisan selective exposure may result in a more fragmented and polarized public. On the other hand, partisan selective exposure may encourage participation and understanding. Likeminded partisan information may inspire citizens to participate in politics and help them to organize their political thinking. But, ultimately, the partisan use of niche news has some troubling effects. It is vital that we think carefully about the implications both for the conduct of media research and, more broadly, for the progress of democracy.
Donald Read
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207689
- eISBN:
- 9780191677779
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207689.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, British and Irish Modern History
This text introduces a London-based news agency known as ‘Reuters’, which was started in 1851 and founded by Julius Reuter. For over a hundred years Reuters was a national and imperial institution, ...
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This text introduces a London-based news agency known as ‘Reuters’, which was started in 1851 and founded by Julius Reuter. For over a hundred years Reuters was a national and imperial institution, the news agency of the British Empire. A running theme within this book is the working of the Reuters news tradition. This book explores the beginning and development of Reuters. Furthermore, it also discusses how much conscious or unconscious bias there was in news selection or presentation and how well the old Reuter tradition survived within the transformed company of the second half of the 20th century. The chapters which follow explain both how Reuters has handled world news down the years, and how its organization and management grew from very modest beginnings into a great business, greater at the end of the 20th century than in any previous period.Less
This text introduces a London-based news agency known as ‘Reuters’, which was started in 1851 and founded by Julius Reuter. For over a hundred years Reuters was a national and imperial institution, the news agency of the British Empire. A running theme within this book is the working of the Reuters news tradition. This book explores the beginning and development of Reuters. Furthermore, it also discusses how much conscious or unconscious bias there was in news selection or presentation and how well the old Reuter tradition survived within the transformed company of the second half of the 20th century. The chapters which follow explain both how Reuters has handled world news down the years, and how its organization and management grew from very modest beginnings into a great business, greater at the end of the 20th century than in any previous period.
John Parkinson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199291113
- eISBN:
- 9780191604133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019929111X.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter discusses the second broad solution to the legitimacy problems: sharing arguments through the media. It sets out the structural features of the news media and shows how they filter out ...
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This chapter discusses the second broad solution to the legitimacy problems: sharing arguments through the media. It sets out the structural features of the news media and shows how they filter out certain kinds of arguments and issues, using the example of a deliberative poll. It argues that successful argument sharing (or publicity) depends on the salience of the issue, but in such cases, small-scale deliberative processes can provide a useful focal point for coverage of all the arguments. ‘Manufacturing’ salience can lead to distortion of the issue and arguments.Less
This chapter discusses the second broad solution to the legitimacy problems: sharing arguments through the media. It sets out the structural features of the news media and shows how they filter out certain kinds of arguments and issues, using the example of a deliberative poll. It argues that successful argument sharing (or publicity) depends on the salience of the issue, but in such cases, small-scale deliberative processes can provide a useful focal point for coverage of all the arguments. ‘Manufacturing’ salience can lead to distortion of the issue and arguments.
Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Paul Waldman
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195152777
- eISBN:
- 9780199833900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195152778.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The reports that journalists offer are not called “stories” by accident. This chapter analyzes a series of cases, in wars, electoral campaigns, and policy debates, in which dramatic stories framed ...
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The reports that journalists offer are not called “stories” by accident. This chapter analyzes a series of cases, in wars, electoral campaigns, and policy debates, in which dramatic stories framed coverage and overwhelmed the facts. As a result, inaccuracies passed into news and the public was left misinformed.Less
The reports that journalists offer are not called “stories” by accident. This chapter analyzes a series of cases, in wars, electoral campaigns, and policy debates, in which dramatic stories framed coverage and overwhelmed the facts. As a result, inaccuracies passed into news and the public was left misinformed.
Paolo Mauro, Nathan Sussman, and Yishay Yafeh
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199272693
- eISBN:
- 9780191603488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272697.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter describes the pre-World War I London market for sovereign bonds issued by emerging countries, and compares it with the corresponding market today. It shows that the London market was ...
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This chapter describes the pre-World War I London market for sovereign bonds issued by emerging countries, and compares it with the corresponding market today. It shows that the London market was large, active, and liquid, far larger than the corresponding market of today. Moreover, investors were able to rely on timely and comprehensive information regarding borrowing countries. The chapter then discusses the construction of the data sets used in the book, and analyzes the behavior of bond spreads in the historical and modern samples.Less
This chapter describes the pre-World War I London market for sovereign bonds issued by emerging countries, and compares it with the corresponding market today. It shows that the London market was large, active, and liquid, far larger than the corresponding market of today. Moreover, investors were able to rely on timely and comprehensive information regarding borrowing countries. The chapter then discusses the construction of the data sets used in the book, and analyzes the behavior of bond spreads in the historical and modern samples.
Paolo Mauro, Nathan Sussman, and Yishay Yafeh
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199272693
- eISBN:
- 9780191603488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272697.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter relates sharp changes in spreads on sovereign bonds of emerging economies to news articles in the London Times and the Investor’s Monthly Manual for the period 1870-1913, and to news ...
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This chapter relates sharp changes in spreads on sovereign bonds of emerging economies to news articles in the London Times and the Investor’s Monthly Manual for the period 1870-1913, and to news articles in the Financial Times for the 1994-2002 period. News articles are classified into several categories (good economic news, bad economic news, news on institutional reforms, news on instability and wars, etc.). The first part of the analysis identifies the types of news that caused sharp changes in bond spreads. The second part identifies dates of sharp changes in spreads and attempts to find news items that explain them. It is shown that the relationship between news and spread changes was stronger in the period before 1913 than it is today. The category of news that matters most is instability and wars, followed by economic news. Despite the importance attached to institutional changes today, news about investor friendly reforms typically have little impact on bond spreads.Less
This chapter relates sharp changes in spreads on sovereign bonds of emerging economies to news articles in the London Times and the Investor’s Monthly Manual for the period 1870-1913, and to news articles in the Financial Times for the 1994-2002 period. News articles are classified into several categories (good economic news, bad economic news, news on institutional reforms, news on instability and wars, etc.). The first part of the analysis identifies the types of news that caused sharp changes in bond spreads. The second part identifies dates of sharp changes in spreads and attempts to find news items that explain them. It is shown that the relationship between news and spread changes was stronger in the period before 1913 than it is today. The category of news that matters most is instability and wars, followed by economic news. Despite the importance attached to institutional changes today, news about investor friendly reforms typically have little impact on bond spreads.
Timothy Quill
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195139402
- eISBN:
- 9780199999859
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195139402.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
In this book, the author uses his wide range of clinical experience caring for severely ill patients and their families to illustrate the challenges and potential of end-of-life care. Section One ...
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In this book, the author uses his wide range of clinical experience caring for severely ill patients and their families to illustrate the challenges and potential of end-of-life care. Section One utilizes the near-death experiences of two patients to explore values underlying medical humanism, and then presents the case of “Diane” to explore the fundamental clinical commitments of partnership and non-abandonment. Section Two explores, illustrates, and provides practical guidance for clinicians, patients, and families about critical communication issues including delivering bad news, discussing palliative care, and exploring the wish to die. In Section Three, difficult ethical and policy challenges inherent in hospice work, including the rule of double effect, terminal sedation, and physician-assisted suicide, are explored using a mix of real cases and an analysis of underlying clinical, ethical, and policy issues. In the final chapter, the author discusses the tragic death of his brother, which occurred as this book was being completed, and how his family made the most emotionally challenging decisions of their lives. The author exposes readers to an internally consistent and practical way of thinking by simultaneously embracing the potential of palliative care, and also acknowledging that it has limitations. His philosophy of offering forthright discussions with patient and family, mutual decision making, ensuring medical and palliative care expertise, and committing to see the dying process through to the patient's death, is vividly illustrated.Less
In this book, the author uses his wide range of clinical experience caring for severely ill patients and their families to illustrate the challenges and potential of end-of-life care. Section One utilizes the near-death experiences of two patients to explore values underlying medical humanism, and then presents the case of “Diane” to explore the fundamental clinical commitments of partnership and non-abandonment. Section Two explores, illustrates, and provides practical guidance for clinicians, patients, and families about critical communication issues including delivering bad news, discussing palliative care, and exploring the wish to die. In Section Three, difficult ethical and policy challenges inherent in hospice work, including the rule of double effect, terminal sedation, and physician-assisted suicide, are explored using a mix of real cases and an analysis of underlying clinical, ethical, and policy issues. In the final chapter, the author discusses the tragic death of his brother, which occurred as this book was being completed, and how his family made the most emotionally challenging decisions of their lives. The author exposes readers to an internally consistent and practical way of thinking by simultaneously embracing the potential of palliative care, and also acknowledging that it has limitations. His philosophy of offering forthright discussions with patient and family, mutual decision making, ensuring medical and palliative care expertise, and committing to see the dying process through to the patient's death, is vividly illustrated.
Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Paul Waldman
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195152777
- eISBN:
- 9780199833900
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195152778.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
What Americans know, understand, and believe about the world of politics is the product of a negotiation between journalists and political actors. The news is primarily shaped not by a liberal or ...
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What Americans know, understand, and believe about the world of politics is the product of a negotiation between journalists and political actors. The news is primarily shaped not by a liberal or conservative bias, but by the need for news to be dramatic and easily packaged. Consequently, the frames into which events are fit – more than any objective idea of truth – determine what information passes through the news filter. The Press Effect surveys events in a critical period of American history, from the election of 2000 through the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. In each of the events that took place, journalists inhabited a different role that shaped the news. During the election between Bush and Gore, they acted as amateur psychologists, delving into the minds of the candidates in an attempt to reveal their true character. On election night, they acted as soothsayers, while in the postelection events in Florida, the press actively shaped events. On September 11 and after, journalists functioned as patriots, seeking to unify the country. In each case, the role inhabited by the press left critical questions unanswered and allowed distortions of the facts to pass into news. The book closes with a discussion of the means by which the press can enhance its most critical role, that of custodian of fact.Less
What Americans know, understand, and believe about the world of politics is the product of a negotiation between journalists and political actors. The news is primarily shaped not by a liberal or conservative bias, but by the need for news to be dramatic and easily packaged. Consequently, the frames into which events are fit – more than any objective idea of truth – determine what information passes through the news filter.
The Press Effect surveys events in a critical period of American history, from the election of 2000 through the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. In each of the events that took place, journalists inhabited a different role that shaped the news. During the election between Bush and Gore, they acted as amateur psychologists, delving into the minds of the candidates in an attempt to reveal their true character. On election night, they acted as soothsayers, while in the postelection events in Florida, the press actively shaped events. On September 11 and after, journalists functioned as patriots, seeking to unify the country. In each case, the role inhabited by the press left critical questions unanswered and allowed distortions of the facts to pass into news. The book closes with a discussion of the means by which the press can enhance its most critical role, that of custodian of fact.
Kim Fridkin Kahn
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293484
- eISBN:
- 9780191598944
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293488.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter reviews existing research about the media's treatment of women in politics. Kahn suggests an agenda for future research that includes analysis of: news treatment of women public ...
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This chapter reviews existing research about the media's treatment of women in politics. Kahn suggests an agenda for future research that includes analysis of: news treatment of women public officials, the effectiveness of women candidates’ media strategies, gender differences in politicians’ relationship with the press, gender differences among journalists in reporting on political news, and the effects of media on the political socialization of children.Less
This chapter reviews existing research about the media's treatment of women in politics. Kahn suggests an agenda for future research that includes analysis of: news treatment of women public officials, the effectiveness of women candidates’ media strategies, gender differences in politicians’ relationship with the press, gender differences among journalists in reporting on political news, and the effects of media on the political socialization of children.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0014
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter describes the author's experience in counselling a couple, Judith and Alan, whose daughter was diagnosed with a fatal respiratory disease. Based on his previous experience, the author ...
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This chapter describes the author's experience in counselling a couple, Judith and Alan, whose daughter was diagnosed with a fatal respiratory disease. Based on his previous experience, the author decided to tell the couple about their child's condition in order to give them the opportunity to prepare for the burial and to be the last to touch their child's body. The chapter explains that when giving someone difficult information it is important to first ask the person's permission so that he can prepare himself or herself for the bad news.Less
This chapter describes the author's experience in counselling a couple, Judith and Alan, whose daughter was diagnosed with a fatal respiratory disease. Based on his previous experience, the author decided to tell the couple about their child's condition in order to give them the opportunity to prepare for the burial and to be the last to touch their child's body. The chapter explains that when giving someone difficult information it is important to first ask the person's permission so that he can prepare himself or herself for the bad news.
Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Paul Waldman
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195152777
- eISBN:
- 9780199833900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195152778.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Examines the role journalists adopt during presidential campaigns, and how that role determines the frame of campaign news. Assuming that what is presented to the voters is a persona, journalists act ...
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Examines the role journalists adopt during presidential campaigns, and how that role determines the frame of campaign news. Assuming that what is presented to the voters is a persona, journalists act as amateur psychologists, seeking to discover the “real” person behind the candidate. They then focus on the moments or events that reinforce the conclusions they have made about the candidates’ respective characters.Less
Examines the role journalists adopt during presidential campaigns, and how that role determines the frame of campaign news. Assuming that what is presented to the voters is a persona, journalists act as amateur psychologists, seeking to discover the “real” person behind the candidate. They then focus on the moments or events that reinforce the conclusions they have made about the candidates’ respective characters.
Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Paul Waldman
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195152777
- eISBN:
- 9780199833900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195152778.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
In the 2000 election, journalists settled on twin portraits of Al Gore and George W. Bush that framed the coverage each received. Gore was portrayed as the lying panderer, while Bush was portrayed as ...
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In the 2000 election, journalists settled on twin portraits of Al Gore and George W. Bush that framed the coverage each received. Gore was portrayed as the lying panderer, while Bush was portrayed as the inexperienced dolt. These portraits then determined how campaign events were interpreted. While neither portrait was complimentary, in the end they worked to Bush's advantage, because no moral value was attached to inexperience, while a moral value was attached to Gore's alleged dishonesty.Less
In the 2000 election, journalists settled on twin portraits of Al Gore and George W. Bush that framed the coverage each received. Gore was portrayed as the lying panderer, while Bush was portrayed as the inexperienced dolt. These portraits then determined how campaign events were interpreted. While neither portrait was complimentary, in the end they worked to Bush's advantage, because no moral value was attached to inexperience, while a moral value was attached to Gore's alleged dishonesty.
Ted Gest
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195103434
- eISBN:
- 9780199833887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195103432.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
By 2001, the federal government was spending more than $5.3 billion each year to help states and cities combat crime, on top of the many billions allocated locally. In many instances, the money was ...
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By 2001, the federal government was spending more than $5.3 billion each year to help states and cities combat crime, on top of the many billions allocated locally. In many instances, the money was going to programs that had not been shown to have much effect on crime. Many ideas have been proved worthwhile, however, and deserve more support. They include cohesive community anticrime campaigns, targeted drug treatment, prevention aimed at young people who show crime tendencies, plugging leaks in the criminal justice system, better news media reporting of crime issues, wiser use of the private sector, and dampening the political rhetoric on crime. As crime has become such a political football, relatively little attention has been paid to serious research on the issue compared with the amount devoted to medicine, for example. The danger in the early 21st century was that as crime rates went down, government would downgrade even further its efforts to determine what worked and did not work in the past four decades. That could be a big mistake if crime rates started again to increase, a distinct possibility in view of downturns in the economy and more young people in the population.Less
By 2001, the federal government was spending more than $5.3 billion each year to help states and cities combat crime, on top of the many billions allocated locally. In many instances, the money was going to programs that had not been shown to have much effect on crime. Many ideas have been proved worthwhile, however, and deserve more support. They include cohesive community anticrime campaigns, targeted drug treatment, prevention aimed at young people who show crime tendencies, plugging leaks in the criminal justice system, better news media reporting of crime issues, wiser use of the private sector, and dampening the political rhetoric on crime. As crime has become such a political football, relatively little attention has been paid to serious research on the issue compared with the amount devoted to medicine, for example. The danger in the early 21st century was that as crime rates went down, government would downgrade even further its efforts to determine what worked and did not work in the past four decades. That could be a big mistake if crime rates started again to increase, a distinct possibility in view of downturns in the economy and more young people in the population.
H. George Frederickson and Edmund C. Stazyk
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199573547
- eISBN:
- 9780191722677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573547.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management, Organization Studies
Approximately every three years US News and World Report publishes its rankings of master's degree programmes in public affairs. As part of its ‘America's best graduate schools’ series, the most ...
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Approximately every three years US News and World Report publishes its rankings of master's degree programmes in public affairs. As part of its ‘America's best graduate schools’ series, the most recent US News rankings of public affairs programmes appeared in 2008. Earlier rankings were published in 2004, 2001, 1998, and 1995. What were the intentions of those introducing these rankings, what form did the rankings take and what intended or unintended effects did they have? This chapter begins by considering the background, rationale, scope, and methodology of the US News ranking programme, and what those who introduced it intended and anticipated the rankings would do. It then describes a ‘general theory’ of academic rankings, setting out the book's findings in the context of that theory, and considering those findings in the light of what effects were anticipated or intended by those who introduced the rankings.Less
Approximately every three years US News and World Report publishes its rankings of master's degree programmes in public affairs. As part of its ‘America's best graduate schools’ series, the most recent US News rankings of public affairs programmes appeared in 2008. Earlier rankings were published in 2004, 2001, 1998, and 1995. What were the intentions of those introducing these rankings, what form did the rankings take and what intended or unintended effects did they have? This chapter begins by considering the background, rationale, scope, and methodology of the US News ranking programme, and what those who introduced it intended and anticipated the rankings would do. It then describes a ‘general theory’ of academic rankings, setting out the book's findings in the context of that theory, and considering those findings in the light of what effects were anticipated or intended by those who introduced the rankings.
Zeynep Devrim Gürsel
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520286368
- eISBN:
- 9780520961616
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520286368.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
How does a photograph become a news image? An ethnography of the labor behind international news images, this book ruptures the self-evidence of the journalistic photograph by revealing the many ...
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How does a photograph become a news image? An ethnography of the labor behind international news images, this book ruptures the self-evidence of the journalistic photograph by revealing the many factors determining how news audiences are shown people, events, and the world. News images, this book argues, function as formative fictions—fictional insofar as these images are constructed and culturally mediated, and formative because their public presence and circulation have real consequences in the world. Set against the backdrop of the War on Terror and based on fieldwork conducted at photojournalism's centers of power, the book offers an intimate look at an industry in crisis. At the turn of the 21st century, image brokers—the people who manage the distribution and restriction of news images—found the core technologies of their craft, the status of images, and their own professional standing all changing rapidly with the digitalization of the infrastructures of representation. From corporate sales meetings to wire service desks, newsrooms to photography workshops and festivals, the book investigates how news images are produced and how worldviews are reproduced in the process.Less
How does a photograph become a news image? An ethnography of the labor behind international news images, this book ruptures the self-evidence of the journalistic photograph by revealing the many factors determining how news audiences are shown people, events, and the world. News images, this book argues, function as formative fictions—fictional insofar as these images are constructed and culturally mediated, and formative because their public presence and circulation have real consequences in the world. Set against the backdrop of the War on Terror and based on fieldwork conducted at photojournalism's centers of power, the book offers an intimate look at an industry in crisis. At the turn of the 21st century, image brokers—the people who manage the distribution and restriction of news images—found the core technologies of their craft, the status of images, and their own professional standing all changing rapidly with the digitalization of the infrastructures of representation. From corporate sales meetings to wire service desks, newsrooms to photography workshops and festivals, the book investigates how news images are produced and how worldviews are reproduced in the process.
Matthew Hindman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691159263
- eISBN:
- 9780691184074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159263.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
This chapter examines online local news within the top one hundred U.S. television markets using comScore panel data that track a quarter of a million Internet users across more than a million World ...
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This chapter examines online local news within the top one hundred U.S. television markets using comScore panel data that track a quarter of a million Internet users across more than a million World Wide Web domains. It identifies and analyzes 1,074 local online news and information sources across these one hundred markets, studying their audience reach, traffic, and affiliation (or lack thereof) with traditional media. The breadth and the market-level granularity of the comScore data makes this study the most comprehensive look to date at Internet-based local news. The portrait that emerges contradicts claims that new online outlets are adding significantly to local news diversity. The chapter argues that local news on the Web is fundamentally about consuming less news from the same old-media sources. It also looks at concentration in local online news markets, and conducts a census of Internet-only local news sites that reach more than a minimum threshold of traffic.Less
This chapter examines online local news within the top one hundred U.S. television markets using comScore panel data that track a quarter of a million Internet users across more than a million World Wide Web domains. It identifies and analyzes 1,074 local online news and information sources across these one hundred markets, studying their audience reach, traffic, and affiliation (or lack thereof) with traditional media. The breadth and the market-level granularity of the comScore data makes this study the most comprehensive look to date at Internet-based local news. The portrait that emerges contradicts claims that new online outlets are adding significantly to local news diversity. The chapter argues that local news on the Web is fundamentally about consuming less news from the same old-media sources. It also looks at concentration in local online news markets, and conducts a census of Internet-only local news sites that reach more than a minimum threshold of traffic.
Joshua A. Braun
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300197501
- eISBN:
- 9780300216240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300197501.003.0015
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This epilogue provides an update on MSNBC and NBC News's footprint in the distribution of online television news since their acquisition by Comcast, with particular emphasis on the restructuring of ...
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This epilogue provides an update on MSNBC and NBC News's footprint in the distribution of online television news since their acquisition by Comcast, with particular emphasis on the restructuring of MSNBC.com into an expanded NBC News Digital and the creation of an entirely new website for the MSNBC cable news channel. It discusses other changes at MSNBC, including the rebranding of the Blue Site as NBCNews.com, the creation of a new MSNBC.com based on the open source content management system Drupal, and the use of the “Newsvine 3.0” commenting system as the basis for all the community features on the new site. Despite some changes that seem to show the influence of a centralized management and hierarchy, complex assemblages of system builders remain both inside and outside the MSNBC organization. Heterarchy is alive and well within MSNBC's constellation of companies and teams.Less
This epilogue provides an update on MSNBC and NBC News's footprint in the distribution of online television news since their acquisition by Comcast, with particular emphasis on the restructuring of MSNBC.com into an expanded NBC News Digital and the creation of an entirely new website for the MSNBC cable news channel. It discusses other changes at MSNBC, including the rebranding of the Blue Site as NBCNews.com, the creation of a new MSNBC.com based on the open source content management system Drupal, and the use of the “Newsvine 3.0” commenting system as the basis for all the community features on the new site. Despite some changes that seem to show the influence of a centralized management and hierarchy, complex assemblages of system builders remain both inside and outside the MSNBC organization. Heterarchy is alive and well within MSNBC's constellation of companies and teams.
William R. Ryan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387285
- eISBN:
- 9780199775774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387285.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The epilogue illustrates that the Thomas Jeremiah affair became a cause célèbre on both sides of the Atlantic. Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts, for instance, was well aware of ...
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The epilogue illustrates that the Thomas Jeremiah affair became a cause célèbre on both sides of the Atlantic. Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts, for instance, was well aware of Jeremiah's trial and of the Negro Act itself (the provincial statute under which Jeremiah was tried), and he described both as overt examples of patriot tyranny. First Lord of Admiralty John Montague, fourth Earl of Sandwich, gave a speech in the British Parliament specifically mentioning Jeremiah, condemning his trial and subsequent execution by Whigs as acts of “cruelty and baseness.” In contrast, white patriots in South Carolina, such as Henry Laurens, saw the case of Jeremiah as a prime example of what could—and should—happen to a black upstart who had overstepped his bounds, exceeded his station, and conspired against provincial authority.Less
The epilogue illustrates that the Thomas Jeremiah affair became a cause célèbre on both sides of the Atlantic. Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts, for instance, was well aware of Jeremiah's trial and of the Negro Act itself (the provincial statute under which Jeremiah was tried), and he described both as overt examples of patriot tyranny. First Lord of Admiralty John Montague, fourth Earl of Sandwich, gave a speech in the British Parliament specifically mentioning Jeremiah, condemning his trial and subsequent execution by Whigs as acts of “cruelty and baseness.” In contrast, white patriots in South Carolina, such as Henry Laurens, saw the case of Jeremiah as a prime example of what could—and should—happen to a black upstart who had overstepped his bounds, exceeded his station, and conspired against provincial authority.
Paul Marshall, Lela Gilbert, and Roberta Green-Ahmanson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374360
- eISBN:
- 9780199871902
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374360.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book analyzes media coverage of major news stories in which religion is a major component and recounts how journalist often miss, or misunderstand, these stories because they do not take ...
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This book analyzes media coverage of major news stories in which religion is a major component and recounts how journalist often miss, or misunderstand, these stories because they do not take religion seriously, or misunderstand religion when they do take it seriously. Since religion is a major and growing factor in human affairs throughout the world and, hence in major news stories, including those stories often mislabeled “secular,” if reporters do not take it seriously or understand it, then they will be poorer reporters. To the extent that journalists do not grasp events’ religious dimensions, both global and local, they are hindered from, and sometimes incapable of, describing what is happening in the world around us. The book contains six case studies that each describe an important event, issue, trend, problem, or situation, seek to show the centrality of religion to the story, then outline how journalists actually covered it, and how they often got it wrong. The two concluding chapters focus on ways, both conceptual and practical, of improving coverage.Less
This book analyzes media coverage of major news stories in which religion is a major component and recounts how journalist often miss, or misunderstand, these stories because they do not take religion seriously, or misunderstand religion when they do take it seriously. Since religion is a major and growing factor in human affairs throughout the world and, hence in major news stories, including those stories often mislabeled “secular,” if reporters do not take it seriously or understand it, then they will be poorer reporters. To the extent that journalists do not grasp events’ religious dimensions, both global and local, they are hindered from, and sometimes incapable of, describing what is happening in the world around us. The book contains six case studies that each describe an important event, issue, trend, problem, or situation, seek to show the centrality of religion to the story, then outline how journalists actually covered it, and how they often got it wrong. The two concluding chapters focus on ways, both conceptual and practical, of improving coverage.
Anthony M. Nadler
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040146
- eISBN:
- 9780252098345
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040146.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
The professional judgment of gatekeepers defined the American news agenda for decades. This book examines how subsequent events brought on a post-professional period that opened the door for ...
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The professional judgment of gatekeepers defined the American news agenda for decades. This book examines how subsequent events brought on a post-professional period that opened the door for imagining that consumer preferences should drive news production—and unleashed both crisis and opportunity on journalistic institutions. The book charts a paradigm shift, from market research's reach into the editorial suite in the 1970s through contemporary experiments in collaborative filtering and social news sites like Reddit and Digg. As the book shows, the transition was and is a rocky one. It also goes back much further than many experts suppose. Idealized visions of demand-driven news face obstacles with each iteration. Furthermore, the post-professional philosophy fails to recognize how organizations mobilize interest in news and public life. The book argues that this civic function of news organizations has been neglected in debates on the future of journalism. Only with a critical grasp of news outlets' role in stirring broad interest in democratic life, the book suggests, might journalism's digital crisis push us toward building a more robust and democratic news media.Less
The professional judgment of gatekeepers defined the American news agenda for decades. This book examines how subsequent events brought on a post-professional period that opened the door for imagining that consumer preferences should drive news production—and unleashed both crisis and opportunity on journalistic institutions. The book charts a paradigm shift, from market research's reach into the editorial suite in the 1970s through contemporary experiments in collaborative filtering and social news sites like Reddit and Digg. As the book shows, the transition was and is a rocky one. It also goes back much further than many experts suppose. Idealized visions of demand-driven news face obstacles with each iteration. Furthermore, the post-professional philosophy fails to recognize how organizations mobilize interest in news and public life. The book argues that this civic function of news organizations has been neglected in debates on the future of journalism. Only with a critical grasp of news outlets' role in stirring broad interest in democratic life, the book suggests, might journalism's digital crisis push us toward building a more robust and democratic news media.
