Richard Wigmans
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198786351
- eISBN:
- 9780191828652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198786351.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology, Nuclear and Plasma Physics
The processes that play a role in the absorption of different types of particles in dense matter are described, with emphasis on the aspects that are important for calorimetry. A distinction is made ...
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The processes that play a role in the absorption of different types of particles in dense matter are described, with emphasis on the aspects that are important for calorimetry. A distinction is made between particles that develop electromagnetic showers (electrons, photons) and particles that are subject to the strong nuclear interaction, such as pions and protons. A separate section is dedicated to muons, which are typically not fully absorbed in practical calorimeters. The energy dependence of the various processes, and the consequences for the size requirements of detectors, are discussed in detail. The practical importance and limitations of Monte Carlo simulations of the shower development process are reviewed. The chapter ends with a summary of facts deriving from the physics of shower development that are important for calorimetry.Less
The processes that play a role in the absorption of different types of particles in dense matter are described, with emphasis on the aspects that are important for calorimetry. A distinction is made between particles that develop electromagnetic showers (electrons, photons) and particles that are subject to the strong nuclear interaction, such as pions and protons. A separate section is dedicated to muons, which are typically not fully absorbed in practical calorimeters. The energy dependence of the various processes, and the consequences for the size requirements of detectors, are discussed in detail. The practical importance and limitations of Monte Carlo simulations of the shower development process are reviewed. The chapter ends with a summary of facts deriving from the physics of shower development that are important for calorimetry.
Helmut Rauch and Samuel A. Werner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198712510
- eISBN:
- 9780191780813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712510.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
Electromagnetic optical phenomena are generally understood via Maxwell’s equations for the electric and magnetic vector fields. Neutron optical phenomena are based upon de Broglie matter waves and ...
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Electromagnetic optical phenomena are generally understood via Maxwell’s equations for the electric and magnetic vector fields. Neutron optical phenomena are based upon de Broglie matter waves and the Schrödinger wave equation which involves a scalar wave function. Nevertheless, a description of interference effects requires the solution of a Helmholtz scalar wave equation in both cases. Gravitational, inertial, and motional effects lead to rather large phase shifts in neutron interferometry. This chapter describes how the quantum phase shift is calculated, usually by evaluating the action as an integral over the Lagrangian. A connection to relativity theory is given when the Compton frequency depending on the mass of the neutron is taken as a physical quantity. It concludes with a list of the approximately 40 neutron interferometry experiments carried out in various laboratories worldwide, which form the subject of this book.Less
Electromagnetic optical phenomena are generally understood via Maxwell’s equations for the electric and magnetic vector fields. Neutron optical phenomena are based upon de Broglie matter waves and the Schrödinger wave equation which involves a scalar wave function. Nevertheless, a description of interference effects requires the solution of a Helmholtz scalar wave equation in both cases. Gravitational, inertial, and motional effects lead to rather large phase shifts in neutron interferometry. This chapter describes how the quantum phase shift is calculated, usually by evaluating the action as an integral over the Lagrangian. A connection to relativity theory is given when the Compton frequency depending on the mass of the neutron is taken as a physical quantity. It concludes with a list of the approximately 40 neutron interferometry experiments carried out in various laboratories worldwide, which form the subject of this book.
