W. Maxwell Cowan, Thomas M. Jessell, and S. Lawrence Zipursky (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195111668
- eISBN:
- 9780199865833
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111668.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems, Development
Although the major features of neural development have been known for nearly a century, it is only relatively recently that the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have begun to be ...
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Although the major features of neural development have been known for nearly a century, it is only relatively recently that the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have begun to be uncovered. Among the many factors accountable for the transformation of developmental neurobiology from a largely descriptive to an analytic and mechanistic discipline, two stand out as singularly important. First has been the application of molecular genetic methods to the study of such events and neural induction, the determination of neuronal phenotypes, the establishment of neuronal processes, and the formation of specific patterns of connections. The second factor has been the use of a variety of “model” organisms: each offering particular advantages in the study of one or another developmental process. The pace of new advances often overwhelms experienced workers in the field. This book updates and introduces the subject and also details recent successes in understanding the early events of neural development.Less
Although the major features of neural development have been known for nearly a century, it is only relatively recently that the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have begun to be uncovered. Among the many factors accountable for the transformation of developmental neurobiology from a largely descriptive to an analytic and mechanistic discipline, two stand out as singularly important. First has been the application of molecular genetic methods to the study of such events and neural induction, the determination of neuronal phenotypes, the establishment of neuronal processes, and the formation of specific patterns of connections. The second factor has been the use of a variety of “model” organisms: each offering particular advantages in the study of one or another developmental process. The pace of new advances often overwhelms experienced workers in the field. This book updates and introduces the subject and also details recent successes in understanding the early events of neural development.
Andreas K. Engel
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198508571
- eISBN:
- 9780191687358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198508571.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing debate about the neural correlates of consciousness from the viewpoint of a particular experimental approach: the study of distributed neuronal ...
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This chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing debate about the neural correlates of consciousness from the viewpoint of a particular experimental approach: the study of distributed neuronal processing and of dynamic interactions which implement specific bindings in neural network architectures. The now classic notion of binding and the search for potential binding mechanisms has received increasing attention during the past decade. Having been introduced first in psychological discourse, the issue of binding has now advanced into the focus of research in other disciplines within cognitive science in areas such as neural network modeling, philosophy of mind, and cognitive neuroscience.Less
This chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing debate about the neural correlates of consciousness from the viewpoint of a particular experimental approach: the study of distributed neuronal processing and of dynamic interactions which implement specific bindings in neural network architectures. The now classic notion of binding and the search for potential binding mechanisms has received increasing attention during the past decade. Having been introduced first in psychological discourse, the issue of binding has now advanced into the focus of research in other disciplines within cognitive science in areas such as neural network modeling, philosophy of mind, and cognitive neuroscience.
Gayle M Wittenberg and Samuel S.-H Wang
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198566564
- eISBN:
- 9780191724206
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566564.003.0002
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
Dendrites, the neuronal processes that receive synaptic inputs, are found in all nervous systems. The great diversity of dendrites, both within individual species and across phylogeny, reflects their ...
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Dendrites, the neuronal processes that receive synaptic inputs, are found in all nervous systems. The great diversity of dendrites, both within individual species and across phylogeny, reflects their adaptation to particular functional roles. This chapter uses this diversity to consider dendrites from an evolutionary perspective. It first describes some principles seen in the diversity of dendritic forms. It then seeks to explain this diversity in terms of tradeoffs among functional optimization constraints; mechanistic limits set by the available molecular toolkit; and developmental mechanisms, the targets upon which selection has acted. Finally, based on these perspectives, it identifies areas ripe for future investigation.Less
Dendrites, the neuronal processes that receive synaptic inputs, are found in all nervous systems. The great diversity of dendrites, both within individual species and across phylogeny, reflects their adaptation to particular functional roles. This chapter uses this diversity to consider dendrites from an evolutionary perspective. It first describes some principles seen in the diversity of dendritic forms. It then seeks to explain this diversity in terms of tradeoffs among functional optimization constraints; mechanistic limits set by the available molecular toolkit; and developmental mechanisms, the targets upon which selection has acted. Finally, based on these perspectives, it identifies areas ripe for future investigation.
ALAIN ARTOLA and WOLF SINGER
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192625021
- eISBN:
- 9780191724701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192625021.003.0014
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
Learning can be considered as a stimulus- and, hence, activity-dependent neuronal process that leads to a lasting change of stimulus-response relationships. The formation of a memory trace may thus ...
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Learning can be considered as a stimulus- and, hence, activity-dependent neuronal process that leads to a lasting change of stimulus-response relationships. The formation of a memory trace may thus be considered as a modification of the neuronal program that specifies input-output functions. This program is contained in the architecture of neuronal connectivity and in the transfer functions of these connections. Thus, any activity-dependent process that modifies, in a sufficiently stable and long-lasting way, the interactions between pairs of neurones could serve as a mechanism of learning.Less
Learning can be considered as a stimulus- and, hence, activity-dependent neuronal process that leads to a lasting change of stimulus-response relationships. The formation of a memory trace may thus be considered as a modification of the neuronal program that specifies input-output functions. This program is contained in the architecture of neuronal connectivity and in the transfer functions of these connections. Thus, any activity-dependent process that modifies, in a sufficiently stable and long-lasting way, the interactions between pairs of neurones could serve as a mechanism of learning.
K. T. Ng and M. E. Gibbs
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198521846
- eISBN:
- 9780191724640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198521846.003.0014
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience
This chapter summarizes the findings from a range of pharmacological-behavioural studies carried out in laboratories using a modified version of Cherkin's paradigm. Pharmacological evidence for ...
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This chapter summarizes the findings from a range of pharmacological-behavioural studies carried out in laboratories using a modified version of Cherkin's paradigm. Pharmacological evidence for various stages in memory formation arises from the use of drugs that inhibit, interfere with, or attenuate neuronal processes which are suspected to be involved in memory formation, and observing the consequent effects on behavioural evidence of memory. The time of administration function of an amnestic agent and the consequent retention function together provide the temporal boundaries of a stage of memory. Results of experiments suggest that there is a stage of memory processing preceding the long-term memory stage which is susceptible to blockade by sodium pump inhibitors, which is formed some time between learning and 10 minutes post-learning and which is available for recall after 10 minutes post-learning, and lasts up to 60 minutes post-learning.Less
This chapter summarizes the findings from a range of pharmacological-behavioural studies carried out in laboratories using a modified version of Cherkin's paradigm. Pharmacological evidence for various stages in memory formation arises from the use of drugs that inhibit, interfere with, or attenuate neuronal processes which are suspected to be involved in memory formation, and observing the consequent effects on behavioural evidence of memory. The time of administration function of an amnestic agent and the consequent retention function together provide the temporal boundaries of a stage of memory. Results of experiments suggest that there is a stage of memory processing preceding the long-term memory stage which is susceptible to blockade by sodium pump inhibitors, which is formed some time between learning and 10 minutes post-learning and which is available for recall after 10 minutes post-learning, and lasts up to 60 minutes post-learning.
Singer Wolf
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015233
- eISBN:
- 9780262295444
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015233.003.0020
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Research and Theory
This chapter presents the literature on the role of synaptic plasticity in development and learning. It analyzes the precise timing of spikes matters both in signal processing and synaptic ...
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This chapter presents the literature on the role of synaptic plasticity in development and learning. It analyzes the precise timing of spikes matters both in signal processing and synaptic plasticity. It states that cortical networks are capable of exploiting precise temporal relations among the discharges of interconnected neurons both for signal processing and for the induction of use-dependent synaptic gain changes. This chapter supports the hypothesis that oscillations and the associated synchronization of spike discharges play a crucial role in the coordination of distributed neuronal processing, and the gating of synaptic plasticity.Less
This chapter presents the literature on the role of synaptic plasticity in development and learning. It analyzes the precise timing of spikes matters both in signal processing and synaptic plasticity. It states that cortical networks are capable of exploiting precise temporal relations among the discharges of interconnected neurons both for signal processing and for the induction of use-dependent synaptic gain changes. This chapter supports the hypothesis that oscillations and the associated synchronization of spike discharges play a crucial role in the coordination of distributed neuronal processing, and the gating of synaptic plasticity.
Reuven Dukas and John M. Ratcliffe (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226169354
- eISBN:
- 9780226169378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226169378.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Behavior / Behavioral Ecology
This chapter provides an introduction to cognitive ecology that gives attention to ecology and the evolution of “cognition,” defining it as the neuronal processes concerned with the acquisition, ...
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This chapter provides an introduction to cognitive ecology that gives attention to ecology and the evolution of “cognition,” defining it as the neuronal processes concerned with the acquisition, retention, and use of information. Cognition can be divided into several interrelated and inseparable components including perception, learning, working memory, attention, long-term memory, and decision making. The chapter provides an overview of research programs relating cognition to avian ecology, as well as a brief discussion on cognitive aspects of decisions made within reproduction and antipredator behavior categories. It also shows a link between antipredatory and social behavior by analyzing the alarm calls of meerkats.Less
This chapter provides an introduction to cognitive ecology that gives attention to ecology and the evolution of “cognition,” defining it as the neuronal processes concerned with the acquisition, retention, and use of information. Cognition can be divided into several interrelated and inseparable components including perception, learning, working memory, attention, long-term memory, and decision making. The chapter provides an overview of research programs relating cognition to avian ecology, as well as a brief discussion on cognitive aspects of decisions made within reproduction and antipredator behavior categories. It also shows a link between antipredatory and social behavior by analyzing the alarm calls of meerkats.
Ralph Mitchell Siegel
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199734344
- eISBN:
- 9780190255862
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734344.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
In this chapter, the author reflects on his journey toward understanding the nature of consciousness. He describes his experiments on monkeys at the Salk Institute to elucidate how the mind and ...
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In this chapter, the author reflects on his journey toward understanding the nature of consciousness. He describes his experiments on monkeys at the Salk Institute to elucidate how the mind and brain, which he considers as one indistinguishable whole, work. He also talks about his interest in visual representation as part of neuronal processing.Less
In this chapter, the author reflects on his journey toward understanding the nature of consciousness. He describes his experiments on monkeys at the Salk Institute to elucidate how the mind and brain, which he considers as one indistinguishable whole, work. He also talks about his interest in visual representation as part of neuronal processing.
