James W. Fawcett, Anne E. Rosser, and Stephen B. Dunnett
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198523376
- eISBN:
- 9780191724534
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523376.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques
Many neurological conditions are caused by damage to neurons and glial cells. For most of these diseases there are at present no effective treatments to minimise the extent of neuronal and glial ...
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Many neurological conditions are caused by damage to neurons and glial cells. For most of these diseases there are at present no effective treatments to minimise the extent of neuronal and glial loss, and no effective way of replacing what has been lost. This picture is rapidly changing. Developments in basic neuroscience have produced various potential therapies that can protect neurons and glia following traumatic, anoxic, infectious, and immunological damage. The old doctrine that axons cannot be made to regenerate, and dead neurons cannot be replaced, is no longer tenable, and a wide variety of reconstructive techniques for the nervous system are under development. These and other basic science discoveries will progress into clinical practice, and lead to a revolution in neurology and neurosurgery. This book describes the various conditions that lead to damage to the nervous system, and the ways in which they may be ameliorated. It covers the burgeoning science of reconstruction of the nervous system, through neuronal, glial, and stem-cell transplantation, axon regeneration, remyelination, plasticity, and pharmacological interventions. The clinical conditions to which these treatments will be applied and their assessments are described.Less
Many neurological conditions are caused by damage to neurons and glial cells. For most of these diseases there are at present no effective treatments to minimise the extent of neuronal and glial loss, and no effective way of replacing what has been lost. This picture is rapidly changing. Developments in basic neuroscience have produced various potential therapies that can protect neurons and glia following traumatic, anoxic, infectious, and immunological damage. The old doctrine that axons cannot be made to regenerate, and dead neurons cannot be replaced, is no longer tenable, and a wide variety of reconstructive techniques for the nervous system are under development. These and other basic science discoveries will progress into clinical practice, and lead to a revolution in neurology and neurosurgery. This book describes the various conditions that lead to damage to the nervous system, and the ways in which they may be ameliorated. It covers the burgeoning science of reconstruction of the nervous system, through neuronal, glial, and stem-cell transplantation, axon regeneration, remyelination, plasticity, and pharmacological interventions. The clinical conditions to which these treatments will be applied and their assessments are described.
Antonio R. Damasio
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198524410
- eISBN:
- 9780191689192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524410.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter discusses the somatic marker hypothesis, which is concerned with the possible role of some regions of the prefrontal cortex in the processes of reasoning and decision-making. It ...
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This chapter discusses the somatic marker hypothesis, which is concerned with the possible role of some regions of the prefrontal cortex in the processes of reasoning and decision-making. It elaborates several reviews in which the hypothesis and its preliminary testing in form and substance have been presented. The hypothesis developed as a response to a number of intriguing observations made in neurological patients with focal damage in the frontal lobe. The chapter further outlines the somatic marker hypothesis, as part of a framework to account for the neurological condition, and describes new laboratory probes designed to detect and measure aspects of this condition. It concludes that the hypothesis should not be seen as a general theory for how prefrontal cortices work as, in all likelihood, this large and parcellated sector of the brain accomplishes several separate albeit cooperative functions.Less
This chapter discusses the somatic marker hypothesis, which is concerned with the possible role of some regions of the prefrontal cortex in the processes of reasoning and decision-making. It elaborates several reviews in which the hypothesis and its preliminary testing in form and substance have been presented. The hypothesis developed as a response to a number of intriguing observations made in neurological patients with focal damage in the frontal lobe. The chapter further outlines the somatic marker hypothesis, as part of a framework to account for the neurological condition, and describes new laboratory probes designed to detect and measure aspects of this condition. It concludes that the hypothesis should not be seen as a general theory for how prefrontal cortices work as, in all likelihood, this large and parcellated sector of the brain accomplishes several separate albeit cooperative functions.
