Philippe Taupin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326697
- eISBN:
- 9780199864874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326697.003.0010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
Contrary to a long-held dogma, neurogenesis occurs throughout adulthood in mammals, including humans. Neurogenesis occurs primarily in two regions of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the ...
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Contrary to a long-held dogma, neurogenesis occurs throughout adulthood in mammals, including humans. Neurogenesis occurs primarily in two regions of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), along the ventricles. Neural progenitor and stem cells have been isolated from various regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS) and characterized in vitro, providing evidence that neural stem cells reside in the adult CNS and are potential sources of tissue for therapy. Adult neurogenesis is modulated in animal models and patients with neurological diseases and disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy. The contribution of adult neurogenesis to neurological diseases and disorders, and its significance, remains to be elucidated. Cellular therapy may involve the stimulation of endogenous neural progenitor or stem cells and the grafting of neural progenitor and stem cells to restore the degenerated or injured pathways. Mounting evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and disorders.Less
Contrary to a long-held dogma, neurogenesis occurs throughout adulthood in mammals, including humans. Neurogenesis occurs primarily in two regions of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), along the ventricles. Neural progenitor and stem cells have been isolated from various regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS) and characterized in vitro, providing evidence that neural stem cells reside in the adult CNS and are potential sources of tissue for therapy. Adult neurogenesis is modulated in animal models and patients with neurological diseases and disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy. The contribution of adult neurogenesis to neurological diseases and disorders, and its significance, remains to be elucidated. Cellular therapy may involve the stimulation of endogenous neural progenitor or stem cells and the grafting of neural progenitor and stem cells to restore the degenerated or injured pathways. Mounting evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and disorders.
Larry R. Squire
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396133
- eISBN:
- 9780199918409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396133.003.0008
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience
Nicole Le Douarin began her research career while a high school teacher. Her PhD work under the supervision of Etienne Wolff was on the development of the digestive tract and liver in the chick ...
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Nicole Le Douarin began her research career while a high school teacher. Her PhD work under the supervision of Etienne Wolff was on the development of the digestive tract and liver in the chick embryo. She later devised a cell marking technique based on the construction of chimeras by combining cells of quail and chick embryos in ovo. Using this technique she demonstrated that the neural crest is a major player in vertebrate embryogenesis, namely by its role in the development of the head and brain. She demonstrated with her colleagues the existence of a stem cell in the Neural Crest, the first example of a neural stem cell. She and her group applied the quail-chick chimera system to other problems such as hematopoiesis and demonstrated a novel mechanism of tolerance to self.Less
Nicole Le Douarin began her research career while a high school teacher. Her PhD work under the supervision of Etienne Wolff was on the development of the digestive tract and liver in the chick embryo. She later devised a cell marking technique based on the construction of chimeras by combining cells of quail and chick embryos in ovo. Using this technique she demonstrated that the neural crest is a major player in vertebrate embryogenesis, namely by its role in the development of the head and brain. She demonstrated with her colleagues the existence of a stem cell in the Neural Crest, the first example of a neural stem cell. She and her group applied the quail-chick chimera system to other problems such as hematopoiesis and demonstrated a novel mechanism of tolerance to self.
Kenneth Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- June 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190943547
- eISBN:
- 9780197558164
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190943547.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Biotechnology
Abstract: This chapter informs the reader of the discovery of nerve growth factor, how it plays an important role in bioprinting by directing the growth of the axons of nerve cells along specific ...
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Abstract: This chapter informs the reader of the discovery of nerve growth factor, how it plays an important role in bioprinting by directing the growth of the axons of nerve cells along specific paths to repair peripheral nerve injuries, and of the nascent efforts in bioprinting spinal cord scaffolds that may aid in the repair of spinal cord injuries. The chapter apprises the reader of the glial family of cells that provide myelination (insulation) for nerves in the central nervous system. Glial cells are as numerous in the central nervous system (i.e., the brain and spinal cord) as neurons (nerve cells). The chapter also explains fluorescently tagged calcium ion flow within bioprinted nerve tissue. Intracellular calcium—calcium within cells—controls key cellular functions in all types of neurons. For example, nerve cells cause a release of calcium ions that initiate muscle contraction.Less
Abstract: This chapter informs the reader of the discovery of nerve growth factor, how it plays an important role in bioprinting by directing the growth of the axons of nerve cells along specific paths to repair peripheral nerve injuries, and of the nascent efforts in bioprinting spinal cord scaffolds that may aid in the repair of spinal cord injuries. The chapter apprises the reader of the glial family of cells that provide myelination (insulation) for nerves in the central nervous system. Glial cells are as numerous in the central nervous system (i.e., the brain and spinal cord) as neurons (nerve cells). The chapter also explains fluorescently tagged calcium ion flow within bioprinted nerve tissue. Intracellular calcium—calcium within cells—controls key cellular functions in all types of neurons. For example, nerve cells cause a release of calcium ions that initiate muscle contraction.
Sheldon Krimsky
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231167482
- eISBN:
- 9780231539401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231167482.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Bioethics
In this dialogue, Dr. Rebecca Franklin and Leonard Hendricks, a vascular surgeon and specialist in stroke victims, discuss the relationship between stem cell development for stroke victims and spinal ...
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In this dialogue, Dr. Rebecca Franklin and Leonard Hendricks, a vascular surgeon and specialist in stroke victims, discuss the relationship between stem cell development for stroke victims and spinal cord injury. Hendricks, from the United Kingdom, is a consultant to the UK company ReNeuron, which has pioneered developing stem cell therapeutics for stroke victims. Franklin hopes to learn about the challenges of translational medicine in moving from research to clinical applications. Here Franklin and Hendricks talk about the latter's participation in the PISCES study (Pilot Investigation of Stem Cells in Stroke), the world's first regulated clinical trial of neural stem cell therapy for stroke victims; how stem cells can improve the mental and physical functioning of stroke victims and patients suffering from spinal cord injury; the use of animal models in experiments on stem cells; and the issue of informed consent for clinical trials.Less
In this dialogue, Dr. Rebecca Franklin and Leonard Hendricks, a vascular surgeon and specialist in stroke victims, discuss the relationship between stem cell development for stroke victims and spinal cord injury. Hendricks, from the United Kingdom, is a consultant to the UK company ReNeuron, which has pioneered developing stem cell therapeutics for stroke victims. Franklin hopes to learn about the challenges of translational medicine in moving from research to clinical applications. Here Franklin and Hendricks talk about the latter's participation in the PISCES study (Pilot Investigation of Stem Cells in Stroke), the world's first regulated clinical trial of neural stem cell therapy for stroke victims; how stem cells can improve the mental and physical functioning of stroke victims and patients suffering from spinal cord injury; the use of animal models in experiments on stem cells; and the issue of informed consent for clinical trials.