Lawrence B. Solum
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199561131
- eISBN:
- 9780191721199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561131.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Political Economy
This chapter presents a typology of various models of governance forms that impinge, or are assumed to impinge, on the Internet. Five such models are analysed. One model is based on a view of the ...
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This chapter presents a typology of various models of governance forms that impinge, or are assumed to impinge, on the Internet. Five such models are analysed. One model is based on a view of the Internet as a self-governing realm of individual liberty beyond the reach of government control. Another model takes as its point of departure the inherently cross-border nature of the Internet and sees transnational, quasi-private cooperatives or international organizations based on treaty arrangements as the most relevant institutions for Internet governance. A third model is based on the notion that many regulatory decisions are made by the code and architecture of the Internet. A fourth model is premised on the idea that as the Internet grows in importance fundamental regulatory decisions will be made by national governments through legal regulation. Finally, there is the model of market regulation and economics which assumes that market forces drive the fundamental decisions about the nature of the Internet. The chapter argues that no single one of these models captures all of the facets of Internet governance or offers the solution to all of the problems raised by Internet governance. It concludes with a discussion of the issue of network neutrality and attempts thereby to cast light on the future utility of the models concerned.Less
This chapter presents a typology of various models of governance forms that impinge, or are assumed to impinge, on the Internet. Five such models are analysed. One model is based on a view of the Internet as a self-governing realm of individual liberty beyond the reach of government control. Another model takes as its point of departure the inherently cross-border nature of the Internet and sees transnational, quasi-private cooperatives or international organizations based on treaty arrangements as the most relevant institutions for Internet governance. A third model is based on the notion that many regulatory decisions are made by the code and architecture of the Internet. A fourth model is premised on the idea that as the Internet grows in importance fundamental regulatory decisions will be made by national governments through legal regulation. Finally, there is the model of market regulation and economics which assumes that market forces drive the fundamental decisions about the nature of the Internet. The chapter argues that no single one of these models captures all of the facets of Internet governance or offers the solution to all of the problems raised by Internet governance. It concludes with a discussion of the issue of network neutrality and attempts thereby to cast light on the future utility of the models concerned.
Varadharajan Sridhar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075530
- eISBN:
- 9780199081042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075530.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter explores in detail the Internet service evolution in India starting with the erstwhile monopoly provisioning by the government operator. It explains the restrictions on Internet service ...
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This chapter explores in detail the Internet service evolution in India starting with the erstwhile monopoly provisioning by the government operator. It explains the restrictions on Internet service provisioning and the development in the broadband infrastructure in the country and the associated policy initiatives. The Basic Telecom Operators (BTOs) had an edge over the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in providing bundled Internet services. As per the ISP guidelines, the Internet Telephony Service Providers (ITSPs) were not allowed to deploy media gateways in India due to restricted internet telephony. In India, the National Internet Exchange of India resolves domain name disputes involving the in domain. Restrictions in the form of network neutrality may prevent deployment and further adoption of wireless broadband and mobile Internet. Internet access through the broadband network is still very limited in India. It is hoped that Internet services in India will pick up in the coming years.Less
This chapter explores in detail the Internet service evolution in India starting with the erstwhile monopoly provisioning by the government operator. It explains the restrictions on Internet service provisioning and the development in the broadband infrastructure in the country and the associated policy initiatives. The Basic Telecom Operators (BTOs) had an edge over the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in providing bundled Internet services. As per the ISP guidelines, the Internet Telephony Service Providers (ITSPs) were not allowed to deploy media gateways in India due to restricted internet telephony. In India, the National Internet Exchange of India resolves domain name disputes involving the in domain. Restrictions in the form of network neutrality may prevent deployment and further adoption of wireless broadband and mobile Internet. Internet access through the broadband network is still very limited in India. It is hoped that Internet services in India will pick up in the coming years.
François Bar, Walter Baer, Shahram Ghandeharizadeh, and Fernando Ordonez
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262220859
- eISBN:
- 9780262285483
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262220859.003.0005
- Subject:
- Information Science, Communications
The Internet has progressively supplanted older radio, telephone, and cable television networks as a primary communication infrastructure. Indeed, the Internet has become a single communication ...
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The Internet has progressively supplanted older radio, telephone, and cable television networks as a primary communication infrastructure. Indeed, the Internet has become a single communication infrastructure able to absorb a multitude of media streams that used to require specialized networks. There is no definitive approach on how best to use the Internet to leverage broad-based innovation and find new ways to communicate over a ubiquitous broadband infrastructure. Instead, trade-offs arise between the interests of today’s infrastructure owners, content creators, application providers, and users. This chapter examines such trade-offs and their potential impact on the evolution of the communication infrastructure as well as the activities it will support. It discusses the debate over Network Neutrality, technical factors and trade-offs driving the evolution of broadband networks, broadband wireless access, municipally-owned fiber networks, and user-owned access.Less
The Internet has progressively supplanted older radio, telephone, and cable television networks as a primary communication infrastructure. Indeed, the Internet has become a single communication infrastructure able to absorb a multitude of media streams that used to require specialized networks. There is no definitive approach on how best to use the Internet to leverage broad-based innovation and find new ways to communicate over a ubiquitous broadband infrastructure. Instead, trade-offs arise between the interests of today’s infrastructure owners, content creators, application providers, and users. This chapter examines such trade-offs and their potential impact on the evolution of the communication infrastructure as well as the activities it will support. It discusses the debate over Network Neutrality, technical factors and trade-offs driving the evolution of broadband networks, broadband wireless access, municipally-owned fiber networks, and user-owned access.
Laura Denardis
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300181357
- eISBN:
- 9780300182118
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300181357.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Network neutrality is an Internet policy issue that is prominently situated in policy discussions and media coverage. The basic question of network neutrality is whether Internet service providers ...
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Network neutrality is an Internet policy issue that is prominently situated in policy discussions and media coverage. The basic question of network neutrality is whether Internet service providers should be legally prohibited from discriminating against, i.e. blocking or throttling back, specific Internet traffic. This differential treatment of traffic could be based on specific content, applications, protocols, classes of traffic such as video, or some characteristic of the user transmitting or accessing the traffic. This chapter provides some examples of network discrimination in the twenty-first century; explains the arguments for and against net neutrality regulation; and describes the history and status of this contentious Internet policy topic in global context.Less
Network neutrality is an Internet policy issue that is prominently situated in policy discussions and media coverage. The basic question of network neutrality is whether Internet service providers should be legally prohibited from discriminating against, i.e. blocking or throttling back, specific Internet traffic. This differential treatment of traffic could be based on specific content, applications, protocols, classes of traffic such as video, or some characteristic of the user transmitting or accessing the traffic. This chapter provides some examples of network discrimination in the twenty-first century; explains the arguments for and against net neutrality regulation; and describes the history and status of this contentious Internet policy topic in global context.
Des Freedman, Jonathan Obar, Cheryl Martens, and Robert W. McChesney (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780823271641
- eISBN:
- 9780823271696
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823271641.001.0001
- Subject:
- Information Science, Communications
This collection brings together strategies for advancing media reform objectives, prepared by 33 scholars and activists working in and/or studying in more than 25 countries, including: Canada, Mexico ...
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This collection brings together strategies for advancing media reform objectives, prepared by 33 scholars and activists working in and/or studying in more than 25 countries, including: Canada, Mexico and the United States; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Uruguay, and Venezuela; Iceland; Germany, Switzerland and the UK; Burma/Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand and the Philippines; Egypt, Ghana, Israel and Qatar. Contributors first presented their ideas in the summer of 2013 at a preconference of the International Communication Association, hosted by Goldsmiths, University of London in the UK. The goal then, as it is now, was to bring together successful and promising strategies for media reform to be shared across international lines and media reform contexts. The editors and authors hope this volume will serve as a useful resource for scholars and activists alike, looking to better understand the concept of media reform, and how it is being advanced around the world. The book is organized into four sections: contexts, digital activism, media reform movements, and media reform in action. It opens with a consideration of some theoretical approaches to media reform while the digital activism section includes chapters that present a range of strategies that media reformers might want to consider. The section on media reform movements includes examples from across the globe and highlights a variety of online and offline strategies to achieve change. The final section consists of short chapters submitted by activist organizations that include a description of their mission and examples of successful strategies employed in the pursuit of media reform goals.Less
This collection brings together strategies for advancing media reform objectives, prepared by 33 scholars and activists working in and/or studying in more than 25 countries, including: Canada, Mexico and the United States; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Uruguay, and Venezuela; Iceland; Germany, Switzerland and the UK; Burma/Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand and the Philippines; Egypt, Ghana, Israel and Qatar. Contributors first presented their ideas in the summer of 2013 at a preconference of the International Communication Association, hosted by Goldsmiths, University of London in the UK. The goal then, as it is now, was to bring together successful and promising strategies for media reform to be shared across international lines and media reform contexts. The editors and authors hope this volume will serve as a useful resource for scholars and activists alike, looking to better understand the concept of media reform, and how it is being advanced around the world. The book is organized into four sections: contexts, digital activism, media reform movements, and media reform in action. It opens with a consideration of some theoretical approaches to media reform while the digital activism section includes chapters that present a range of strategies that media reformers might want to consider. The section on media reform movements includes examples from across the globe and highlights a variety of online and offline strategies to achieve change. The final section consists of short chapters submitted by activist organizations that include a description of their mission and examples of successful strategies employed in the pursuit of media reform goals.
