Wafaa El Saddik and Rüdiger Heimlich
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9789774168253
- eISBN:
- 9781617978173
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774168253.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
Growing up in Egypt's Nile Delta, the author was fascinated by the magnificent pharaonic monuments from an early age, and as a student dreamed of conducting excavations and working in the Egyptian ...
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Growing up in Egypt's Nile Delta, the author was fascinated by the magnificent pharaonic monuments from an early age, and as a student dreamed of conducting excavations and working in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. At a time when Egyptology was dominated by men, especially those with close connections to the regime, the author was determined to succeed, and secured grants to study in Boston, London, and Vienna, eventually becoming the first female general director of the country's most prestigious museum. The author launched the first general inventory of the museum's cellars in its more than 100-year history, in the process discovering long-forgotten treasures, as well as confronting corruption and nepotism in the antiquities administration. In this very personal memoir, the author looks back at the history of Egypt and asks, what happened to the country? Where did Nasser's bright new beginning go wrong? Why did Sadat fail to bring peace? Why did the Egyptians allow themselves to be so corrupted by Mubarak? And why was the Muslim Brotherhood able to achieve power? But the author's first concern remains: How can the ancient legacy of Egypt truly be protected?Less
Growing up in Egypt's Nile Delta, the author was fascinated by the magnificent pharaonic monuments from an early age, and as a student dreamed of conducting excavations and working in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. At a time when Egyptology was dominated by men, especially those with close connections to the regime, the author was determined to succeed, and secured grants to study in Boston, London, and Vienna, eventually becoming the first female general director of the country's most prestigious museum. The author launched the first general inventory of the museum's cellars in its more than 100-year history, in the process discovering long-forgotten treasures, as well as confronting corruption and nepotism in the antiquities administration. In this very personal memoir, the author looks back at the history of Egypt and asks, what happened to the country? Where did Nasser's bright new beginning go wrong? Why did Sadat fail to bring peace? Why did the Egyptians allow themselves to be so corrupted by Mubarak? And why was the Muslim Brotherhood able to achieve power? But the author's first concern remains: How can the ancient legacy of Egypt truly be protected?
Miles Pattenden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199670628
- eISBN:
- 9780191749513
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199670628.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This work sets out to show how the popes of the mid-sixteenth century sought to reassert and project their authority over the Catholic Church during the first phase of the Counter-Reformation. Its ...
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This work sets out to show how the popes of the mid-sixteenth century sought to reassert and project their authority over the Catholic Church during the first phase of the Counter-Reformation. Its narrative focus is the trial of Cardinals Carlo and Alfonso Carafa, nephews of Paul IV (1555–9), who, together with Carlo’s brother Giovanni, were arrested and indicted by their uncle’s successor Pius IV (1559–65) on charges of murder, theft, and corruption. Taking place from June 1560 to April 1561 as preparations were under way for a resumption of the Council of Trent, this was the only occasion in the early modern period in which a papal family was impeached for actions in government and it provided a well-publicized forum in which questions about the nature and extent of the pope’s authority were raised, contested, and answered by different groups within the Roman political and ecclesiastical elite. While the trial has previously been understood to have been primarily of importance to the development of papal nepotism, the work demonstrates how Pius used it as a vehicle by which to intimidate the College of Cardinals and to reimpose stricter hierarchical control over the institutions of the Catholic Church.Less
This work sets out to show how the popes of the mid-sixteenth century sought to reassert and project their authority over the Catholic Church during the first phase of the Counter-Reformation. Its narrative focus is the trial of Cardinals Carlo and Alfonso Carafa, nephews of Paul IV (1555–9), who, together with Carlo’s brother Giovanni, were arrested and indicted by their uncle’s successor Pius IV (1559–65) on charges of murder, theft, and corruption. Taking place from June 1560 to April 1561 as preparations were under way for a resumption of the Council of Trent, this was the only occasion in the early modern period in which a papal family was impeached for actions in government and it provided a well-publicized forum in which questions about the nature and extent of the pope’s authority were raised, contested, and answered by different groups within the Roman political and ecclesiastical elite. While the trial has previously been understood to have been primarily of importance to the development of papal nepotism, the work demonstrates how Pius used it as a vehicle by which to intimidate the College of Cardinals and to reimpose stricter hierarchical control over the institutions of the Catholic Church.
PETER NORTON
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199207473
- eISBN:
- 9780191708701
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207473.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter considers two diametrically-opposed phenomena in electoral practice, namely, where would-be bishops attempted to bribe their way into office, and also where men refused to accept the ...
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This chapter considers two diametrically-opposed phenomena in electoral practice, namely, where would-be bishops attempted to bribe their way into office, and also where men refused to accept the honour and responsibility being thrust upon them. It also looks at the practice of nominating one’s own successor, a practice which was no doubt not infrequently the result of nepotism.Less
This chapter considers two diametrically-opposed phenomena in electoral practice, namely, where would-be bishops attempted to bribe their way into office, and also where men refused to accept the honour and responsibility being thrust upon them. It also looks at the practice of nominating one’s own successor, a practice which was no doubt not infrequently the result of nepotism.
Jennifer F. Hamer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520269316
- eISBN:
- 9780520950177
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520269316.003.0011
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
The historic election of Barack Obama, cause for euphoria throughout the American black community, had special poignance in Illinois. Obama simultaneously served as a potent role model for black ...
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The historic election of Barack Obama, cause for euphoria throughout the American black community, had special poignance in Illinois. Obama simultaneously served as a potent role model for black youth and formidable proof that racial barriers cannot prevent African Americans from succeeding. His entry to the Oval Office seemed eerily analogous to the rise of black mayors in industrial hubs such as East St. Louis, weakened by falling tax revenues, financial bankruptcy, declining infrastructure, and the dissolute practices of exiting white administrations. The charges of nepotism and corruption against the mayor are elaborated. The circumstances of East St. Louis provide an opportunity to reconsider the core values and direct attention to building equity and creating a just America.Less
The historic election of Barack Obama, cause for euphoria throughout the American black community, had special poignance in Illinois. Obama simultaneously served as a potent role model for black youth and formidable proof that racial barriers cannot prevent African Americans from succeeding. His entry to the Oval Office seemed eerily analogous to the rise of black mayors in industrial hubs such as East St. Louis, weakened by falling tax revenues, financial bankruptcy, declining infrastructure, and the dissolute practices of exiting white administrations. The charges of nepotism and corruption against the mayor are elaborated. The circumstances of East St. Louis provide an opportunity to reconsider the core values and direct attention to building equity and creating a just America.
Jeffrey P. Schloss
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195143584
- eISBN:
- 9780199848119
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195143584.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Darwinism contributed a theory by which the brutality of nature could be viewed as redemptively generating beneficial outcomes. The significant aspect of inclusive fitness theory is that it not only ...
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Darwinism contributed a theory by which the brutality of nature could be viewed as redemptively generating beneficial outcomes. The significant aspect of inclusive fitness theory is that it not only makes sense of many previously puzzling behaviors but that it also reconceptualizes fitness to entail both progeny and kin. The picture of human nature that thus emerges is one wholly governed by “nepotism and favoritism”. Critics of such conclusions drawn from initial sociobiological applications of kin selection and reciprocal altruism theory have described it as a “slapdash egoism, a natural expression of people's lazy-minded vanity, an armchair game of cops and robbers which saves them the trouble of real inquiry and flatters their self-esteem.”Less
Darwinism contributed a theory by which the brutality of nature could be viewed as redemptively generating beneficial outcomes. The significant aspect of inclusive fitness theory is that it not only makes sense of many previously puzzling behaviors but that it also reconceptualizes fitness to entail both progeny and kin. The picture of human nature that thus emerges is one wholly governed by “nepotism and favoritism”. Critics of such conclusions drawn from initial sociobiological applications of kin selection and reciprocal altruism theory have described it as a “slapdash egoism, a natural expression of people's lazy-minded vanity, an armchair game of cops and robbers which saves them the trouble of real inquiry and flatters their self-esteem.”
Eric A. Moyen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813129839
- eISBN:
- 9780813135694
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813129839.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In 1917, fifty-two years after its founding, the University of Kentucky faced stagnation, financial troubles, and disturbing reports of nepotism, resulting in a leadership crisis. A special committee ...
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In 1917, fifty-two years after its founding, the University of Kentucky faced stagnation, financial troubles, and disturbing reports of nepotism, resulting in a leadership crisis. A special committee investigated the institution and issued a report calling for a massive transformation of the university, including the hiring of a new president who could execute the report's suggested initiatives. The Board of Trustees hired Frank L. McVey. McVey labored tirelessly for more than two decades to establish Kentucky as one of the nation's most respected institutions of higher learning, which brought him recognition as one of the leading progressive educators in the South. This book chronicles McVey's triumphs and challenges as the president sought to transform the university from a small state college into the state's flagship institution. McVey recruited an exceptional faculty, expanded graduate programs, promoted research, oversaw booming enrollments and campus construction, and defended academic freedom during the nation's first major antievolution controversy. Yet he faced challenges related to the development of modern collegiate athletics, a populace suspicious of his remarkable new conception of a state university, and the Great Depression.Less
In 1917, fifty-two years after its founding, the University of Kentucky faced stagnation, financial troubles, and disturbing reports of nepotism, resulting in a leadership crisis. A special committee investigated the institution and issued a report calling for a massive transformation of the university, including the hiring of a new president who could execute the report's suggested initiatives. The Board of Trustees hired Frank L. McVey. McVey labored tirelessly for more than two decades to establish Kentucky as one of the nation's most respected institutions of higher learning, which brought him recognition as one of the leading progressive educators in the South. This book chronicles McVey's triumphs and challenges as the president sought to transform the university from a small state college into the state's flagship institution. McVey recruited an exceptional faculty, expanded graduate programs, promoted research, oversaw booming enrollments and campus construction, and defended academic freedom during the nation's first major antievolution controversy. Yet he faced challenges related to the development of modern collegiate athletics, a populace suspicious of his remarkable new conception of a state university, and the Great Depression.
Carol Harlow
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199245970
- eISBN:
- 9780191697517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245970.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter discusses the creation of the Committee of Independent Experts in 1999 within the European Commission. This committee was tasked to investigate the extent to which the Commission as a ...
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This chapter discusses the creation of the Committee of Independent Experts in 1999 within the European Commission. This committee was tasked to investigate the extent to which the Commission as a body or commissioners individually bear specific responsibility for the examples of fraud, mismanagement, and nepotism leveled against the Commission in parliament. The three cases that were examined in depth included the ECHO programme of humanitarian aid, the Leonardo programme of subsidy for vocational training, and the MED programme of grants to Mediterranean countries affected by the Gulf War. In all these cases, the experts identified instances of fraud, mismanagement, and nepotism, and heads of these programmes were censured. This chapter also discusses the various functions of the Commission, including its function as a rule-making body.Less
This chapter discusses the creation of the Committee of Independent Experts in 1999 within the European Commission. This committee was tasked to investigate the extent to which the Commission as a body or commissioners individually bear specific responsibility for the examples of fraud, mismanagement, and nepotism leveled against the Commission in parliament. The three cases that were examined in depth included the ECHO programme of humanitarian aid, the Leonardo programme of subsidy for vocational training, and the MED programme of grants to Mediterranean countries affected by the Gulf War. In all these cases, the experts identified instances of fraud, mismanagement, and nepotism, and heads of these programmes were censured. This chapter also discusses the various functions of the Commission, including its function as a rule-making body.
Robert Hymes
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520207585
- eISBN:
- 9780520935136
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520207585.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
This chapter explores the modern ethnographic literature about a ritual, the Offering (chiao), which on the one hand is Taoist but on the other honors local lay gods, to argue that the tensions ...
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This chapter explores the modern ethnographic literature about a ritual, the Offering (chiao), which on the one hand is Taoist but on the other honors local lay gods, to argue that the tensions between personal and bureaucratic models can help explain modern religious phenomena as well. The Offering tells that local gods at best convey people's appeals to their celestial superiors. During most of the Offering, the Taoist rites are only one show among many for lay participants, who circulate on the grounds, visiting whatever building they choose and making offerings “to any image of any spirit in any shrine.” Arthur Wolf told how his informants explained why, when arranging images, they placed the stove god in a higher-ranking position than the god of the locality, despite his lower bureaucratic rank. Nepotism is not a simple expression of bureaucratic principles but an interaction or tension between two different principles.Less
This chapter explores the modern ethnographic literature about a ritual, the Offering (chiao), which on the one hand is Taoist but on the other honors local lay gods, to argue that the tensions between personal and bureaucratic models can help explain modern religious phenomena as well. The Offering tells that local gods at best convey people's appeals to their celestial superiors. During most of the Offering, the Taoist rites are only one show among many for lay participants, who circulate on the grounds, visiting whatever building they choose and making offerings “to any image of any spirit in any shrine.” Arthur Wolf told how his informants explained why, when arranging images, they placed the stove god in a higher-ranking position than the god of the locality, despite his lower bureaucratic rank. Nepotism is not a simple expression of bureaucratic principles but an interaction or tension between two different principles.
Reinoud Leenders
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451003
- eISBN:
- 9780801465871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451003.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Middle Eastern Politics
This book examines the extent and causes of political corruption in postwar Lebanon. Drawing on research on comparative corruption, bribery, rent-seeking, and crony capitalism, primarily in less ...
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This book examines the extent and causes of political corruption in postwar Lebanon. Drawing on research on comparative corruption, bribery, rent-seeking, and crony capitalism, primarily in less developed countries (LDCs), the book considers high political corruption—that is, forms of corruption occurring at the top of the state's bureaucracy and its agencies (for example, among ministers, directors-general, and other senior officials) rather than those that occur at lower echelons of state bureaucracies. It also explores various manifestations of corruption, from bid rigging and influence peddling to collusion, extortion, theft of public funds, nepotism, and outright bribery. It argues that corruption in postwar Lebanon has been rampant and attributes it mainly to the high degree to which public institutions diverged from the criteria of bureaucratic organization. In turn, the limited extent to which corruption-prone public institutions in postwar Lebanon met these criteria can be blamed on the debilitating nature of the political settlement that has been evolving since the early 1990s.Less
This book examines the extent and causes of political corruption in postwar Lebanon. Drawing on research on comparative corruption, bribery, rent-seeking, and crony capitalism, primarily in less developed countries (LDCs), the book considers high political corruption—that is, forms of corruption occurring at the top of the state's bureaucracy and its agencies (for example, among ministers, directors-general, and other senior officials) rather than those that occur at lower echelons of state bureaucracies. It also explores various manifestations of corruption, from bid rigging and influence peddling to collusion, extortion, theft of public funds, nepotism, and outright bribery. It argues that corruption in postwar Lebanon has been rampant and attributes it mainly to the high degree to which public institutions diverged from the criteria of bureaucratic organization. In turn, the limited extent to which corruption-prone public institutions in postwar Lebanon met these criteria can be blamed on the debilitating nature of the political settlement that has been evolving since the early 1990s.
Byron Dueck
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199747641
- eISBN:
- 9780199379859
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199747641.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music, History, American
This chapter begins by looking at a Red River Jig competition held at a treaty-day celebration on a Manitoban reserve. Particularly notable at the competition were frequent and unscripted variations ...
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This chapter begins by looking at a Red River Jig competition held at a treaty-day celebration on a Manitoban reserve. Particularly notable at the competition were frequent and unscripted variations in the music accompanying the dancing and loud allegations of nepotism from an audience member. The chapter explores how musicians and others occasionally prioritize (or at any rate are alleged to do so) social intimates rather than the public, and it considers the negative political consequences this can have for indigenous communities and governments. The insistent prioritization of intimacy is one significant manifestation of “antipublicity,” a term introduced here to describe practices and protocols that qualify or impede an orientation to a public. The closing sections of the chapter explore further instances of antipublicity, including cultural prohibitions concerning the mass mediation of certain kinds of sacred knowledge and song.Less
This chapter begins by looking at a Red River Jig competition held at a treaty-day celebration on a Manitoban reserve. Particularly notable at the competition were frequent and unscripted variations in the music accompanying the dancing and loud allegations of nepotism from an audience member. The chapter explores how musicians and others occasionally prioritize (or at any rate are alleged to do so) social intimates rather than the public, and it considers the negative political consequences this can have for indigenous communities and governments. The insistent prioritization of intimacy is one significant manifestation of “antipublicity,” a term introduced here to describe practices and protocols that qualify or impede an orientation to a public. The closing sections of the chapter explore further instances of antipublicity, including cultural prohibitions concerning the mass mediation of certain kinds of sacred knowledge and song.
Ron Formisano
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041273
- eISBN:
- 9780252099878
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041273.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Is the political class corrupt or decent and just “well dressed”? Among the public, the perception of corruption persists.
Is the political class corrupt or decent and just “well dressed”? Among the public, the perception of corruption persists.
Miles Pattenden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199670628
- eISBN:
- 9780191749513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199670628.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the historiography of Pius IV and the Carafa and their respective places in wider debates about the early modern papacy, laying out the justification for and structure of the ...
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This chapter examines the historiography of Pius IV and the Carafa and their respective places in wider debates about the early modern papacy, laying out the justification for and structure of the remainder of the book.Less
This chapter examines the historiography of Pius IV and the Carafa and their respective places in wider debates about the early modern papacy, laying out the justification for and structure of the remainder of the book.
Miles Pattenden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199670628
- eISBN:
- 9780191749513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199670628.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter explains Pius’s motives in prosecuting the Carafa and what it reveals about his wider aspirations for his pontificate. It argues that, contrary to previous interpretations, Pius had no ...
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This chapter explains Pius’s motives in prosecuting the Carafa and what it reveals about his wider aspirations for his pontificate. It argues that, contrary to previous interpretations, Pius had no particular desire to punish the Carafa for their part in their uncle’s reign or to stigmatize the system of nepotism which they seem to have embodied. It suggests instead that Pius’s primary consideration was a desire to reassert the authority of the papacy over the College of Cardinals in advance of the resumption of the Council of Trent, which he hoped to achieve by making a targeted example of those whom he perceived to be its weakest members.Less
This chapter explains Pius’s motives in prosecuting the Carafa and what it reveals about his wider aspirations for his pontificate. It argues that, contrary to previous interpretations, Pius had no particular desire to punish the Carafa for their part in their uncle’s reign or to stigmatize the system of nepotism which they seem to have embodied. It suggests instead that Pius’s primary consideration was a desire to reassert the authority of the papacy over the College of Cardinals in advance of the resumption of the Council of Trent, which he hoped to achieve by making a targeted example of those whom he perceived to be its weakest members.
Miles Pattenden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199670628
- eISBN:
- 9780191749513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199670628.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the impact of the trial on the politics of the rest of Pius’s reign, exploring how and how far Pius was able to re-establish papal authority over the cardinals and the measures ...
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This chapter examines the impact of the trial on the politics of the rest of Pius’s reign, exploring how and how far Pius was able to re-establish papal authority over the cardinals and the measures he took to prevent his own nephews from suffering a similar fate to the Carafa. Finally it discusses the continued role of the trial in shaping the politics of the reign of Pius’s successor Pius V and the debates about it in later sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature.Less
This chapter examines the impact of the trial on the politics of the rest of Pius’s reign, exploring how and how far Pius was able to re-establish papal authority over the cardinals and the measures he took to prevent his own nephews from suffering a similar fate to the Carafa. Finally it discusses the continued role of the trial in shaping the politics of the reign of Pius’s successor Pius V and the debates about it in later sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature.
Miles Pattenden
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199670628
- eISBN:
- 9780191749513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199670628.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter explains what the trial reveals about the development of papal nepotism as a political institution and also for papal authority and the pope’s relationship with the cardinals in the ...
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This chapter explains what the trial reveals about the development of papal nepotism as a political institution and also for papal authority and the pope’s relationship with the cardinals in the later sixteenth century. It argues that, far from criticizing previous papal nepotism, Pius intensified its development as he sought to reshape the constitution of the papal monarchy into something that more closely resembled that of its secular counterparts.Less
This chapter explains what the trial reveals about the development of papal nepotism as a political institution and also for papal authority and the pope’s relationship with the cardinals in the later sixteenth century. It argues that, far from criticizing previous papal nepotism, Pius intensified its development as he sought to reshape the constitution of the papal monarchy into something that more closely resembled that of its secular counterparts.
Philippe M. F. Peycam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231158503
- eISBN:
- 9780231528047
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231158503.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter explores press intervention upon the proliferation of scandals under the French colonial administration, thus spurring Vietnamese public mobilization. At the period of economic growth, ...
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This chapter explores press intervention upon the proliferation of scandals under the French colonial administration, thus spurring Vietnamese public mobilization. At the period of economic growth, and with an expanding newspaper audience, the controversial Maurice Cognacq replaced Albert Sarraut as governor of the colony. Cognacq had been involved in the practice of nepotism, questionable deals, and harassment of public opponents—all of which were exposed by the Vietnamese press. Among these controversies, the most devastating was the “Saigon port monopoly affair” that clearly showed the disparate interests of the Vietnamese natives and the French colonial regime. The Saigon port monopoly affair marks the beginning of some journalistic breakthroughs with the likes of The Broken Bell (La Cloche Fêlée) under the editorship of Nguyễn An Ninh, and Trần Huy Liệu's leadership of the Indochina Times (Đông Pháp Thời Báo).Less
This chapter explores press intervention upon the proliferation of scandals under the French colonial administration, thus spurring Vietnamese public mobilization. At the period of economic growth, and with an expanding newspaper audience, the controversial Maurice Cognacq replaced Albert Sarraut as governor of the colony. Cognacq had been involved in the practice of nepotism, questionable deals, and harassment of public opponents—all of which were exposed by the Vietnamese press. Among these controversies, the most devastating was the “Saigon port monopoly affair” that clearly showed the disparate interests of the Vietnamese natives and the French colonial regime. The Saigon port monopoly affair marks the beginning of some journalistic breakthroughs with the likes of The Broken Bell (La Cloche Fêlée) under the editorship of Nguyễn An Ninh, and Trần Huy Liệu's leadership of the Indochina Times (Đông Pháp Thời Báo).
Francis X. Hezel
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836610
- eISBN:
- 9780824870652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836610.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter focuses on the importance of respect in Micronesia. Respect is one of the central concepts in island culture; the word is forever being used in the islands. Micronesians begin to learn ...
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This chapter focuses on the importance of respect in Micronesia. Respect is one of the central concepts in island culture; the word is forever being used in the islands. Micronesians begin to learn the importance of respect within the circle of their family from the youngest age. Children learn to show respect for their parents and other elders in the family. The Micronesian family appears to be much more disciplined than its western counterpart. Children talk to one another quietly and keep silent when the adults are carrying on a discussion among themselves. The relationship between siblings, like the relationship between parents and children, is marked by respect. This chapter considers silence and distance as the main markers of respect in Micronesian culture, the importance of showing overt deference to chiefs and those who hold high titles, and the ways that an islander expresses dissent. It also discusses respect in relation to what the West dismisses as nepotism, which is seen as contrary to the standards of good governance.Less
This chapter focuses on the importance of respect in Micronesia. Respect is one of the central concepts in island culture; the word is forever being used in the islands. Micronesians begin to learn the importance of respect within the circle of their family from the youngest age. Children learn to show respect for their parents and other elders in the family. The Micronesian family appears to be much more disciplined than its western counterpart. Children talk to one another quietly and keep silent when the adults are carrying on a discussion among themselves. The relationship between siblings, like the relationship between parents and children, is marked by respect. This chapter considers silence and distance as the main markers of respect in Micronesian culture, the importance of showing overt deference to chiefs and those who hold high titles, and the ways that an islander expresses dissent. It also discusses respect in relation to what the West dismisses as nepotism, which is seen as contrary to the standards of good governance.
Dario Maestripieri
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226501178
- eISBN:
- 9780226501215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501215.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Behavior / Behavioral Ecology
Nepotism is inherent in both humans and animals. Some animal societies are more or less nepotistic than others, but there is no society in which individuals are biased in favor of non-kin and against ...
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Nepotism is inherent in both humans and animals. Some animal societies are more or less nepotistic than others, but there is no society in which individuals are biased in favor of non-kin and against their kin. The reason nepotism exists is a phenomenon called kin selection. By helping relatives with whom they share genes, individuals increase the probability that their own genes will be passed on to the next generation. Without information on kinship, it is virtually impossible to understand how any animal or human society is organized and why the individuals in it behave the way they do. This chapter, which examines nepotism and politics among rhesus macaques, first discusses Sigmund Freud's explanation of how sex between family members contributes to human behavior. It looks at incest and dispersal, the origins of same-sex bonding, rhesus macaques' social tolerance of their relatives and other individuals, and their altruism.Less
Nepotism is inherent in both humans and animals. Some animal societies are more or less nepotistic than others, but there is no society in which individuals are biased in favor of non-kin and against their kin. The reason nepotism exists is a phenomenon called kin selection. By helping relatives with whom they share genes, individuals increase the probability that their own genes will be passed on to the next generation. Without information on kinship, it is virtually impossible to understand how any animal or human society is organized and why the individuals in it behave the way they do. This chapter, which examines nepotism and politics among rhesus macaques, first discusses Sigmund Freud's explanation of how sex between family members contributes to human behavior. It looks at incest and dispersal, the origins of same-sex bonding, rhesus macaques' social tolerance of their relatives and other individuals, and their altruism.
Dario Maestripieri
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226501178
- eISBN:
- 9780226501215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226501215.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Behavior / Behavioral Ecology
Humans (Homo sapiens) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are both political animals. In both human and rhesus macaque societies, it is difficult to survive and be successful without the help of ...
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Humans (Homo sapiens) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are both political animals. In both human and rhesus macaque societies, it is difficult to survive and be successful without the help of others. Success depends on political power, and that power is acquired and maintained through the formation of alliances with other individuals. But wherever there is cooperation there is also competition. Individuals cooperate with one another to compete against others. Because of competition, the main source of problems for people is other people, and for rhesus macaques it is other rhesus macaques. To deal with the complexities of cooperation and competition, rhesus macaques and humans have evolved a sophisticated and opportunistic form of social intelligence. Life in large social groups may encourage not only the evolution of Machiavellian social intelligence, but of complex intelligence in general. This chapter examines the evolution of social intelligence in humans and rhesus macaques, the inequality of the sexes as well as male and female power, nepotism and despotism in rhesus and human societies, and human nature versus rhesus nature.Less
Humans (Homo sapiens) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are both political animals. In both human and rhesus macaque societies, it is difficult to survive and be successful without the help of others. Success depends on political power, and that power is acquired and maintained through the formation of alliances with other individuals. But wherever there is cooperation there is also competition. Individuals cooperate with one another to compete against others. Because of competition, the main source of problems for people is other people, and for rhesus macaques it is other rhesus macaques. To deal with the complexities of cooperation and competition, rhesus macaques and humans have evolved a sophisticated and opportunistic form of social intelligence. Life in large social groups may encourage not only the evolution of Machiavellian social intelligence, but of complex intelligence in general. This chapter examines the evolution of social intelligence in humans and rhesus macaques, the inequality of the sexes as well as male and female power, nepotism and despotism in rhesus and human societies, and human nature versus rhesus nature.
Hugh M. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198702566
- eISBN:
- 9780191772269
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198702566.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
Competition for benefices in England was fierce in the long twelfth century, and candidates needed whatever edge they could get. Despite the efforts of reformers, benefices continued to be acquired ...
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Competition for benefices in England was fierce in the long twelfth century, and candidates needed whatever edge they could get. Despite the efforts of reformers, benefices continued to be acquired through simony or inheritance. The latter practice was declining rapidly, but nepotism remained a powerful force. Clerics also obtained church office through service to bishops, abbots, powerful secular lords, and the king. Good morals and education, the main theoretical qualifications for office, mattered as well. Declining inheritance of church office, combined with a high demand for lucrative benefices, helped spur a tremendous growth in education, since even clerics with good connections wanted every possible advantage. Naturally enough, the importance of personal connections and even the purchase of office in a theoretically meritocratic system created profound religious tensions, and the fierce competition for office produced social tensions as well.Less
Competition for benefices in England was fierce in the long twelfth century, and candidates needed whatever edge they could get. Despite the efforts of reformers, benefices continued to be acquired through simony or inheritance. The latter practice was declining rapidly, but nepotism remained a powerful force. Clerics also obtained church office through service to bishops, abbots, powerful secular lords, and the king. Good morals and education, the main theoretical qualifications for office, mattered as well. Declining inheritance of church office, combined with a high demand for lucrative benefices, helped spur a tremendous growth in education, since even clerics with good connections wanted every possible advantage. Naturally enough, the importance of personal connections and even the purchase of office in a theoretically meritocratic system created profound religious tensions, and the fierce competition for office produced social tensions as well.
