Dik Roth and Linden Vincent (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198082927
- eISBN:
- 9780199082247
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198082927.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
Irrigation management for agriculture and rural development has a long history in South Asia, yet today it asserts a critical paradox: new scarcities are emerging, but irrigated agriculture still ...
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Irrigation management for agriculture and rural development has a long history in South Asia, yet today it asserts a critical paradox: new scarcities are emerging, but irrigated agriculture still contributes vitally to food security and agro-industries. This collection of case studies from India and Nepal shows how irrigation management operates across complex dynamics of ecology, technology, and society, documenting interdisciplinary research approaches to study these. It takes the reader through irrigation technologies developed in different agro-ecological zones: large-scale public canal systems in semi-arid zones; small-scale farmer-managed canal systems in hill environments, ponds, and tank irrigation systems; and groundwater-based systems developed from borewells and in conjunctive use settings. It also includes a study of micro-hydel systems developed alongside irrigation. The case studies analyse these technologies in relation to processes of change through public policy and local action. They examine the design choices of irrigation agencies and farmers in irrigation provision, and show the forces of agrarian change acting on water access, property rights, and water institutions. Some review recent state policies for reforming irrigation management that introduce new organizational forms, but also promote markets and cost recovery. In this way, the volume documents the wider development policies acting onto irrigation management. The volume offers new scientific understanding of the complex interrelationships between water as a crucial resource in irrigation-based livelihoods, and the technologies and institutions that regulate its use. For emerging questions of equitable access to water and water productivity in South Asia, such interrelated understanding of technology and institutional choices is fundamental.Less
Irrigation management for agriculture and rural development has a long history in South Asia, yet today it asserts a critical paradox: new scarcities are emerging, but irrigated agriculture still contributes vitally to food security and agro-industries. This collection of case studies from India and Nepal shows how irrigation management operates across complex dynamics of ecology, technology, and society, documenting interdisciplinary research approaches to study these. It takes the reader through irrigation technologies developed in different agro-ecological zones: large-scale public canal systems in semi-arid zones; small-scale farmer-managed canal systems in hill environments, ponds, and tank irrigation systems; and groundwater-based systems developed from borewells and in conjunctive use settings. It also includes a study of micro-hydel systems developed alongside irrigation. The case studies analyse these technologies in relation to processes of change through public policy and local action. They examine the design choices of irrigation agencies and farmers in irrigation provision, and show the forces of agrarian change acting on water access, property rights, and water institutions. Some review recent state policies for reforming irrigation management that introduce new organizational forms, but also promote markets and cost recovery. In this way, the volume documents the wider development policies acting onto irrigation management. The volume offers new scientific understanding of the complex interrelationships between water as a crucial resource in irrigation-based livelihoods, and the technologies and institutions that regulate its use. For emerging questions of equitable access to water and water productivity in South Asia, such interrelated understanding of technology and institutional choices is fundamental.
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195166415
- eISBN:
- 9780199784783
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166418.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This book provides accurate, accessible translations of three classics of medieval Indian Buddhist mysticism: the “couplet-treasuries” of the great tantric masters Saraha, Kanha, and Tilopa. Since ...
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This book provides accurate, accessible translations of three classics of medieval Indian Buddhist mysticism: the “couplet-treasuries” of the great tantric masters Saraha, Kanha, and Tilopa. Since their composition around 1000 CE, these poems have exerted a powerful influence on spiritual life, as well as poetry and song, in India, Nepal, and Tibet. The book offers new translations of the poetry aiming to capture the sense and spirit of the poems in the original. It also offers an introduction that summarizes the latest scholarship, situating the poems in their historical context.Less
This book provides accurate, accessible translations of three classics of medieval Indian Buddhist mysticism: the “couplet-treasuries” of the great tantric masters Saraha, Kanha, and Tilopa. Since their composition around 1000 CE, these poems have exerted a powerful influence on spiritual life, as well as poetry and song, in India, Nepal, and Tibet. The book offers new translations of the poetry aiming to capture the sense and spirit of the poems in the original. It also offers an introduction that summarizes the latest scholarship, situating the poems in their historical context.
Roger R. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195166415
- eISBN:
- 9780199784783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166418.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the possible origins of the verses translated in this book: the three surviving Apabhramśa-language collections of rhyming couplets, ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the possible origins of the verses translated in this book: the three surviving Apabhramśa-language collections of rhyming couplets, dohākosa, literally “treasuries of dohā” attributed to three Buddhist tantric masters who probably lived in northern India sometime around 1000 CE: Saraha, Kānha, and Tilopa. Conflicting accounts about the lives and uncertainties about their relation to the written works are described. Known facts about these three Treasuries and the men who are believed to have composed them are also presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the possible origins of the verses translated in this book: the three surviving Apabhramśa-language collections of rhyming couplets, dohākosa, literally “treasuries of dohā” attributed to three Buddhist tantric masters who probably lived in northern India sometime around 1000 CE: Saraha, Kānha, and Tilopa. Conflicting accounts about the lives and uncertainties about their relation to the written works are described. Known facts about these three Treasuries and the men who are believed to have composed them are also presented.
Roger R. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195166415
- eISBN:
- 9780199784783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166418.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
A translation of verses by Saraha is presented.
A translation of verses by Saraha is presented.
Roger R. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195166415
- eISBN:
- 9780199784783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166418.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
A translation of verses by Kānha is presented.
A translation of verses by Kānha is presented.
Roger R. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195166415
- eISBN:
- 9780199784783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195166418.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
A translation of verses by Tilopa is presented.
A translation of verses by Tilopa is presented.
Karl‐Heinz Krämer
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199249589
- eISBN:
- 9780191600029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924958X.003.0030
- Subject:
- Political Science, Reference
Includes all relevant information on national elections and referendums held in Nepal since 1959. Part I gives a comprehensive overview of Nepal's political history, outlines the evolution of ...
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Includes all relevant information on national elections and referendums held in Nepal since 1959. Part I gives a comprehensive overview of Nepal's political history, outlines the evolution of electoral provisions, and presents the current electoral legislation in a standardized manner (suffrage, elected institutions, nomination of candidates, electoral system, organizational context of elections). Part II includes exhaustive electoral statistics in systematic tables (numbers of registered voters, votes cast, the votes for parties in parliamentary elections and referendums at both the national and regional level, the electoral participation of political parties, the distribution of parliamentary seats, etc.).Less
Includes all relevant information on national elections and referendums held in Nepal since 1959. Part I gives a comprehensive overview of Nepal's political history, outlines the evolution of electoral provisions, and presents the current electoral legislation in a standardized manner (suffrage, elected institutions, nomination of candidates, electoral system, organizational context of elections). Part II includes exhaustive electoral statistics in systematic tables (numbers of registered voters, votes cast, the votes for parties in parliamentary elections and referendums at both the national and regional level, the electoral participation of political parties, the distribution of parliamentary seats, etc.).
P. R. Kumaraswamy
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295518
- eISBN:
- 9780191599217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295510.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Looks at the different levels of change in the countries of South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) since the end of the cold war, and attempts to determine how, and to ...
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Looks at the different levels of change in the countries of South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) since the end of the cold war, and attempts to determine how, and to what extent, the end of the cold war has been a long‐term determinant in defining the region's foreign and domestic policies. The different sections of the chapter address: the security dimension (including consideration of the effect of Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan); democratization; and economic liberalization and regional cooperation.Less
Looks at the different levels of change in the countries of South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) since the end of the cold war, and attempts to determine how, and to what extent, the end of the cold war has been a long‐term determinant in defining the region's foreign and domestic policies. The different sections of the chapter address: the security dimension (including consideration of the effect of Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan); democratization; and economic liberalization and regional cooperation.
Axel Michaels
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195343021
- eISBN:
- 9780199866984
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343021.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The book deals with festivals and rituals at the Nepalese Paśupatnātha Temple located in Deopatan, the City of (all) Gods, and the Paśupatikṣetra, the “Field of Paśupati.” Paśupati, a form of Śiva, ...
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The book deals with festivals and rituals at the Nepalese Paśupatnātha Temple located in Deopatan, the City of (all) Gods, and the Paśupatikṣetra, the “Field of Paśupati.” Paśupati, a form of Śiva, is regarded as the tutelary and protective deity of Nepal and his temple as both national and sacred monument that has since many centuries attracted thousands of pilgrims from India. After introducing the temple, its history, organisation and vicinity, all major festivals connected to it are thoroughly described and examined. The material used by the author includes mythological and eulogising texts, chronicles, inscriptions and elaborate field‐work studies. The book also deals with religious conflicts between different forms of Hinduism as well as with religious identities and contested priesthood. Due to the strength of various tantrically worshipped goddesses in Deopatan, Śiva comes under ritual pressure time and again. Underlining this religious tension are fundamental conflicts between the indigenous Newar population and the Nepali speaking population which originally immigrated from India or between the South Indian Bhaṭṭa priests and the Newar Karmācārya priests. Moreover, ritual forms of worship are contested, as in the instance of tantric forms of worship with alcohol and animal sacrifices versus pure, vegetarian forms of worship. In recent times these conflicts have increasingly been politicized and due to the impact of the World Heritage Monument policy the Paśupati area is successively restructured and shaped into a religious pilgrimage place for Indian and Western tourists.Less
The book deals with festivals and rituals at the Nepalese Paśupatnātha Temple located in Deopatan, the City of (all) Gods, and the Paśupatikṣetra, the “Field of Paśupati.” Paśupati, a form of Śiva, is regarded as the tutelary and protective deity of Nepal and his temple as both national and sacred monument that has since many centuries attracted thousands of pilgrims from India. After introducing the temple, its history, organisation and vicinity, all major festivals connected to it are thoroughly described and examined. The material used by the author includes mythological and eulogising texts, chronicles, inscriptions and elaborate field‐work studies. The book also deals with religious conflicts between different forms of Hinduism as well as with religious identities and contested priesthood. Due to the strength of various tantrically worshipped goddesses in Deopatan, Śiva comes under ritual pressure time and again. Underlining this religious tension are fundamental conflicts between the indigenous Newar population and the Nepali speaking population which originally immigrated from India or between the South Indian Bhaṭṭa priests and the Newar Karmācārya priests. Moreover, ritual forms of worship are contested, as in the instance of tantric forms of worship with alcohol and animal sacrifices versus pure, vegetarian forms of worship. In recent times these conflicts have increasingly been politicized and due to the impact of the World Heritage Monument policy the Paśupati area is successively restructured and shaped into a religious pilgrimage place for Indian and Western tourists.
Anna Stirr
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265390
- eISBN:
- 9780191760440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265390.003.0019
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Nepal's twentieth-century tradition of leftist music, known as pragatisil git or progressive song, developed musically during the 1960s and 1970s along with state-sponsored nationalist genres meant ...
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Nepal's twentieth-century tradition of leftist music, known as pragatisil git or progressive song, developed musically during the 1960s and 1970s along with state-sponsored nationalist genres meant to serve as musical representations of Nepali identity. The differences were primarily in the lyrics: pragatisil git's leftist themes were deemed too incendiary for a regime that forbade political organization. Composers writing songs for the national radio were encouraged to produce love songs, deemed apolitical and therefore safe. At first glance, communist pragatisil git avoids themes of love, in stark contrast to mainstream folk and popular music. Yet, while themes of romance are indeed absent from most Nepali communist music, a closer look demonstrates a strong concern with other forms of love and sentiment. This chapter focuses upon the theme of class love, examining how it is imagined to be socially transformative, and how it has changed through different communist parties' imaginings.Less
Nepal's twentieth-century tradition of leftist music, known as pragatisil git or progressive song, developed musically during the 1960s and 1970s along with state-sponsored nationalist genres meant to serve as musical representations of Nepali identity. The differences were primarily in the lyrics: pragatisil git's leftist themes were deemed too incendiary for a regime that forbade political organization. Composers writing songs for the national radio were encouraged to produce love songs, deemed apolitical and therefore safe. At first glance, communist pragatisil git avoids themes of love, in stark contrast to mainstream folk and popular music. Yet, while themes of romance are indeed absent from most Nepali communist music, a closer look demonstrates a strong concern with other forms of love and sentiment. This chapter focuses upon the theme of class love, examining how it is imagined to be socially transformative, and how it has changed through different communist parties' imaginings.
Gary Craig (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426109
- eISBN:
- 9781447301714
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426109.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Most slave trades were abolished during the nineteenth century, yet there remain millions of people in slavery today, amongst them approximately 210 million children in slavery, trafficked, debt ...
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Most slave trades were abolished during the nineteenth century, yet there remain millions of people in slavery today, amongst them approximately 210 million children in slavery, trafficked, debt bondage, and other forms of forced labour. This book, drawing on experience worldwide, focuses on child slavery and shows how children remain locked in slavery, the ways in which they are exploited, and how they can be emancipated. It examines child labour, child trafficking, and child exploitation in various countries such as Nepal, Turkey, Uganda, South and Southeast Asia, India, Central America, and the United Kingdom.Less
Most slave trades were abolished during the nineteenth century, yet there remain millions of people in slavery today, amongst them approximately 210 million children in slavery, trafficked, debt bondage, and other forms of forced labour. This book, drawing on experience worldwide, focuses on child slavery and shows how children remain locked in slavery, the ways in which they are exploited, and how they can be emancipated. It examines child labour, child trafficking, and child exploitation in various countries such as Nepal, Turkey, Uganda, South and Southeast Asia, India, Central America, and the United Kingdom.
Justin Thomas McDaniel
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780824865986
- eISBN:
- 9780824873738
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824865986.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
Buddhism, usually described as an austere religion which condemns desire, promotes denial, and idealizes the monastic and contemplative life, actually has a thriving leisure culture. Creative ...
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Buddhism, usually described as an austere religion which condemns desire, promotes denial, and idealizes the monastic and contemplative life, actually has a thriving leisure culture. Creative religious improvisations designed by Buddhists across Asia have worked to build a leisure culture both within and outside of monasteries. The author looks at the growth of Buddhist leisure culture through a study of architects who helped design tourist sites, memorial gardens, monuments, museums, and even amusement parks in Nepal, Singapore, Japan, Korea, Macau, Hong Kong, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. In conversation with theorists of material and visual culture and anthropologists of art, this book argues that these sites show the importance of public, leisure and spectacle culture from a Buddhist cultural perspective. They show that the “secular” and “religious” and the “public” and “private” are in many ways false binaries. Moreover, many of these sites reflect a growing Buddhist ecumenism being built through repetitive affective encounters instead of didactic sermons, institutional campaigns, and sectarian developments. These sites present different Buddhist traditions, images, and aesthetic expressions as united but not uniform, collected but not concise—a gathering not a movement. Finally, despite the creativity of lay and ordained visionaries, the building of these sites often faces problems along the way. Parks, monuments, temples, and museums are complex adaptive systems changed and influenced by visitors, budgets, materials, local and global economic conditions. No matter what the architect intends, buildings develop lives of their own.Less
Buddhism, usually described as an austere religion which condemns desire, promotes denial, and idealizes the monastic and contemplative life, actually has a thriving leisure culture. Creative religious improvisations designed by Buddhists across Asia have worked to build a leisure culture both within and outside of monasteries. The author looks at the growth of Buddhist leisure culture through a study of architects who helped design tourist sites, memorial gardens, monuments, museums, and even amusement parks in Nepal, Singapore, Japan, Korea, Macau, Hong Kong, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. In conversation with theorists of material and visual culture and anthropologists of art, this book argues that these sites show the importance of public, leisure and spectacle culture from a Buddhist cultural perspective. They show that the “secular” and “religious” and the “public” and “private” are in many ways false binaries. Moreover, many of these sites reflect a growing Buddhist ecumenism being built through repetitive affective encounters instead of didactic sermons, institutional campaigns, and sectarian developments. These sites present different Buddhist traditions, images, and aesthetic expressions as united but not uniform, collected but not concise—a gathering not a movement. Finally, despite the creativity of lay and ordained visionaries, the building of these sites often faces problems along the way. Parks, monuments, temples, and museums are complex adaptive systems changed and influenced by visitors, budgets, materials, local and global economic conditions. No matter what the architect intends, buildings develop lives of their own.
Charles Ramble
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195154146
- eISBN:
- 9780199868513
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154146.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This book is a study of religion in a Tibetanised community of highland Nepal. The village of Te, in Mustang District, is nominally Buddhist: until recent times it had a tradition of Sakyapa ...
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This book is a study of religion in a Tibetanised community of highland Nepal. The village of Te, in Mustang District, is nominally Buddhist: until recent times it had a tradition of Sakyapa monasticism, and depends on Nyingmapa tantric priests for ritual and clerical services. However, it also has a thriving cult of territorial divinities involving the performance of animal sacrifices. At first glance, Te appears to be a fundamentally pagan community attempting to preserve its traditions against the efforts of Tibetan Buddhist missionaries. However, a closer investigation reveals that this picture of simple ideological opposition is untenable. A combination of ethnographic observation and a close study of the community's archives—which date back to the 17th century—reveals an altogether more complex picture. Documentary evidence indicates that clan solidarity was gradually replaced by a sense of shared community. The creation of this community was an active process involving the designation of public resources, the production of written laws, a change in the inheritance pattern, and the emergence of ceremonies that entailed the piecemeal adoption of Buddhist rituals and dramatised episodes from Te's history. This complex is best understood in terms of civil religion, a concept developed by Rousseau and later elaborated by writers such as Robert Bellah and Gerald Parsons. While this reified community is ultimately the product of the individuals of which it is composed, it is perceived and represented as an autonomous, “transcendent” entity with a reciprocal influence on their lives.Less
This book is a study of religion in a Tibetanised community of highland Nepal. The village of Te, in Mustang District, is nominally Buddhist: until recent times it had a tradition of Sakyapa monasticism, and depends on Nyingmapa tantric priests for ritual and clerical services. However, it also has a thriving cult of territorial divinities involving the performance of animal sacrifices. At first glance, Te appears to be a fundamentally pagan community attempting to preserve its traditions against the efforts of Tibetan Buddhist missionaries. However, a closer investigation reveals that this picture of simple ideological opposition is untenable. A combination of ethnographic observation and a close study of the community's archives—which date back to the 17th century—reveals an altogether more complex picture. Documentary evidence indicates that clan solidarity was gradually replaced by a sense of shared community. The creation of this community was an active process involving the designation of public resources, the production of written laws, a change in the inheritance pattern, and the emergence of ceremonies that entailed the piecemeal adoption of Buddhist rituals and dramatised episodes from Te's history. This complex is best understood in terms of civil religion, a concept developed by Rousseau and later elaborated by writers such as Robert Bellah and Gerald Parsons. While this reified community is ultimately the product of the individuals of which it is composed, it is perceived and represented as an autonomous, “transcendent” entity with a reciprocal influence on their lives.
Todd T. Lewis and Subarna Man Tuladhar
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195341829
- eISBN:
- 9780199866816
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195341829.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This book is the English translation of Sugata Saurabha, a poetic rendering of the Buddha's life, published in 1947 in the Nepalese language, Newari, by Chittadhar Hrdaya, one of the greatest ...
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This book is the English translation of Sugata Saurabha, a poetic rendering of the Buddha's life, published in 1947 in the Nepalese language, Newari, by Chittadhar Hrdaya, one of the greatest literary figures from Nepal in the twentieth century. Sugata Saurabha (“The Fragrant Life of the Buddha”) is a remarkable text for its comprehensiveness, artistry, and nuance. Remarkably, this work was composed while Chittadhar was jailed for five years for the crime of publishing a poem in his native language. Sugata Saurabha covers the Buddha's life from birth to enlightenment to death, according to the classical sources, and conveys his basic teachings with simple clarity and narrative subtlety. What makes this nineteen-chapter epic of additional interest is the author's insertions, where the classical sources are silent, of details on the Buddha's life and sociocultural context that are Nepalese. The effect is to humanize the founder and add the texture of real-life detail. A third level of artistry is the modernist perspective that underlies the poet's manner of retelling this great spiritual narrative. This rendering from the Kathmandu Valley, in a long line of accounts of the Buddha's life dating back almost two thousand years, may be the last ever written in the tradition of Indic classic poetry (kāvya). Sugata Saurabha provides an aesthetically pleasing and doctrinally sound comprehensive account of the Buddha's life and is of interest to Buddhist devotees and suitable for classroom use.Less
This book is the English translation of Sugata Saurabha, a poetic rendering of the Buddha's life, published in 1947 in the Nepalese language, Newari, by Chittadhar Hrdaya, one of the greatest literary figures from Nepal in the twentieth century. Sugata Saurabha (“The Fragrant Life of the Buddha”) is a remarkable text for its comprehensiveness, artistry, and nuance. Remarkably, this work was composed while Chittadhar was jailed for five years for the crime of publishing a poem in his native language. Sugata Saurabha covers the Buddha's life from birth to enlightenment to death, according to the classical sources, and conveys his basic teachings with simple clarity and narrative subtlety. What makes this nineteen-chapter epic of additional interest is the author's insertions, where the classical sources are silent, of details on the Buddha's life and sociocultural context that are Nepalese. The effect is to humanize the founder and add the texture of real-life detail. A third level of artistry is the modernist perspective that underlies the poet's manner of retelling this great spiritual narrative. This rendering from the Kathmandu Valley, in a long line of accounts of the Buddha's life dating back almost two thousand years, may be the last ever written in the tradition of Indic classic poetry (kāvya). Sugata Saurabha provides an aesthetically pleasing and doctrinally sound comprehensive account of the Buddha's life and is of interest to Buddhist devotees and suitable for classroom use.
Charles Ramble
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195154146
- eISBN:
- 9780199868513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154146.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
The community of Te, the focus of this book, is located within the modern‐day Nepalese district of Mustang. The aim of this chapter is to situate Mustang within the historical and political context ...
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The community of Te, the focus of this book, is located within the modern‐day Nepalese district of Mustang. The aim of this chapter is to situate Mustang within the historical and political context of Nepal. The fortunes of Mustang are traced from the creation of the kingdom of Lo (to which it corresponds in geographical extent) in the 15th century. Lo later became a vassal of the kingdom of Jumla, to the west, and its territory disintegrated into several autonomous enclaves. The rise of the Gorkhas in the 18th century resulted in the absorption of Lo/Mustang into the nascent state of Nepal. Under Nepal's Rana regime (1846–1951), Mustang was dominated by the Thakalis, whose monopoly of the salt trade brought them political and judicial privileges. Particular attention is given to the ethnically Tibetan enclave of Baragaon, and to the cluster of five villages called the Shöyul, where Te is located.Less
The community of Te, the focus of this book, is located within the modern‐day Nepalese district of Mustang. The aim of this chapter is to situate Mustang within the historical and political context of Nepal. The fortunes of Mustang are traced from the creation of the kingdom of Lo (to which it corresponds in geographical extent) in the 15th century. Lo later became a vassal of the kingdom of Jumla, to the west, and its territory disintegrated into several autonomous enclaves. The rise of the Gorkhas in the 18th century resulted in the absorption of Lo/Mustang into the nascent state of Nepal. Under Nepal's Rana regime (1846–1951), Mustang was dominated by the Thakalis, whose monopoly of the salt trade brought them political and judicial privileges. Particular attention is given to the ethnically Tibetan enclave of Baragaon, and to the cluster of five villages called the Shöyul, where Te is located.
Bhim Adhikari
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199213832
- eISBN:
- 9780191707438
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213832.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Under the Nepal forestry programme, open-access forests have been transferred to forest user groups under a community-based property rights regime. This chapter examines the relationship between ...
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Under the Nepal forestry programme, open-access forests have been transferred to forest user groups under a community-based property rights regime. This chapter examines the relationship between group heterogeneity and transaction costs on the one hand, and, on the other, the transaction costs with the degree of collective action in community-based forest management. While only a few measures of inequality seemed to influence the extent of transaction costs, forest user groups with higher transaction costs incurred by their community members appear to have lower levels of collective action.Less
Under the Nepal forestry programme, open-access forests have been transferred to forest user groups under a community-based property rights regime. This chapter examines the relationship between group heterogeneity and transaction costs on the one hand, and, on the other, the transaction costs with the degree of collective action in community-based forest management. While only a few measures of inequality seemed to influence the extent of transaction costs, forest user groups with higher transaction costs incurred by their community members appear to have lower levels of collective action.
Ben Campbell
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198078524
- eISBN:
- 9780199082278
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198078524.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
The Himalayas have iconic status in the global biosphere, but how well understood are the relationships between Himalayan people and their environment? How can anthropological approaches to the ...
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The Himalayas have iconic status in the global biosphere, but how well understood are the relationships between Himalayan people and their environment? How can anthropological approaches to the environment help in understanding local people’s responses to nature protection? How does culture figure alongside nature in the modern cosmology of knowledge about the non-human world? Living between Juniper and Palm is an ethnographic study of the Tamang people of the Nepal Himalayas. In approaching issues of sustainability, ecology, and livelihood among the Tamang, the author locates people and environments in a relationship that does not depend upon a split between bio-physical reality and an overlay of cultural meaning. Drawing from various critical perspectives for analysing human–environment relations, including phenomenology and political ecology, the book documents indigenous environmental knowledge—about forests, pathways, animals, and ‘sameness’ and ‘difference’ between humans and non-humans. Modern conservation practices are contrasted to shamanic and Hindu cosmologies, providing a cultural analysis to the power dimensions of ‘participatory conservation’ affected by Nepal’s Maoist civil war. The approach of this book is to describe and analyse perspectives on environmental practices, politics, and narrative discourses in a community that has no idea of the environment as a totality, independent of human presence. For administrators, foresters, and biodiversity scientists, this is precisely what has to be rectified: people are seen as needing to be sectioned off from nature to prevent worsening states of forest, soil, and species loss. The book offers anthropologically informed alternatives for translating sustainability.Less
The Himalayas have iconic status in the global biosphere, but how well understood are the relationships between Himalayan people and their environment? How can anthropological approaches to the environment help in understanding local people’s responses to nature protection? How does culture figure alongside nature in the modern cosmology of knowledge about the non-human world? Living between Juniper and Palm is an ethnographic study of the Tamang people of the Nepal Himalayas. In approaching issues of sustainability, ecology, and livelihood among the Tamang, the author locates people and environments in a relationship that does not depend upon a split between bio-physical reality and an overlay of cultural meaning. Drawing from various critical perspectives for analysing human–environment relations, including phenomenology and political ecology, the book documents indigenous environmental knowledge—about forests, pathways, animals, and ‘sameness’ and ‘difference’ between humans and non-humans. Modern conservation practices are contrasted to shamanic and Hindu cosmologies, providing a cultural analysis to the power dimensions of ‘participatory conservation’ affected by Nepal’s Maoist civil war. The approach of this book is to describe and analyse perspectives on environmental practices, politics, and narrative discourses in a community that has no idea of the environment as a totality, independent of human presence. For administrators, foresters, and biodiversity scientists, this is precisely what has to be rectified: people are seen as needing to be sectioned off from nature to prevent worsening states of forest, soil, and species loss. The book offers anthropologically informed alternatives for translating sustainability.
Bal Krishna Sharma
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474439824
- eISBN:
- 9781474465366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Nepal is a country of over 28 million people, a multi-ethnic nation of more than 125 languages and a great variety of cultures. Hinduism is the major religion. Buddhism and animism also have a strong ...
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Nepal is a country of over 28 million people, a multi-ethnic nation of more than 125 languages and a great variety of cultures. Hinduism is the major religion. Buddhism and animism also have a strong presence. Islam and Christianity are minority faiths, the latter of which is a growing religion but it is still not fully recognised by the government and suffers persecution. Christianity arrived in Nepal in 1662, when Italian Capuchin priests passed through Nepal en route to Tibet. During the 1970s churches started to grow in various parts of the country, though Christians were not allowed to preach and conversion to Christianity was prohibited. Today, there is estimated to be about 6,000 congregations, with the number rapidly increasing. Evangelism and church planting have been the heart of Nepalese Christianity, as pioneers of evangelistic and church-planting activities have made a great contribution to the growth of the church in Nepal from the 1950s. Community churches, where people gather for worship within their own local areas, are becoming more popular than denominational churches. The churches, both through their own programmes and in cooperation with other theological institutions, have developed formal theological education to equip their leaders and members.Less
Nepal is a country of over 28 million people, a multi-ethnic nation of more than 125 languages and a great variety of cultures. Hinduism is the major religion. Buddhism and animism also have a strong presence. Islam and Christianity are minority faiths, the latter of which is a growing religion but it is still not fully recognised by the government and suffers persecution. Christianity arrived in Nepal in 1662, when Italian Capuchin priests passed through Nepal en route to Tibet. During the 1970s churches started to grow in various parts of the country, though Christians were not allowed to preach and conversion to Christianity was prohibited. Today, there is estimated to be about 6,000 congregations, with the number rapidly increasing. Evangelism and church planting have been the heart of Nepalese Christianity, as pioneers of evangelistic and church-planting activities have made a great contribution to the growth of the church in Nepal from the 1950s. Community churches, where people gather for worship within their own local areas, are becoming more popular than denominational churches. The churches, both through their own programmes and in cooperation with other theological institutions, have developed formal theological education to equip their leaders and members.
Roger E. Hedlund
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474439824
- eISBN:
- 9781474465366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0024
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The term ‘Independents’ differentiates lesser-known congregations and small clusters from the historic Protestant, Orthodox and Catholic denominations. Chennai (Madras) is home to a vast number of ...
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The term ‘Independents’ differentiates lesser-known congregations and small clusters from the historic Protestant, Orthodox and Catholic denominations. Chennai (Madras) is home to a vast number of Christian denominations and institutions. Groups may range from 20–25 in number to as large as 400–500. Similar new Independent churches and movements are found in many parts of India. Sadhu Sundar Singh was a pioneering figure in the indigenisation of Christianity in India; baptised at Simla, he nevertheless remained free from the imported ecclesiastical institutions that Westernised the Indian church. There is also a more radical transformation of Christianity in hybrid religious groups in the borderlands between Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. The faith relation to Jesus of several Isa-Muslim and Christ bhakti-Hindu groups transcends the traditional denominational boundaries of Christianity. Prior to 1950 no Nepali Christians were resident in Nepal, but Nepali people managed to seep out into India, where a number of them became Christians, with most Pentecostal or Charismatic in character but indigenous in origin; more recently as many as 1 million were reported. A tiny underground church exists in Islamic Afghanistan, composed of former refugees who became Christians during the 1970s while in other countries.Less
The term ‘Independents’ differentiates lesser-known congregations and small clusters from the historic Protestant, Orthodox and Catholic denominations. Chennai (Madras) is home to a vast number of Christian denominations and institutions. Groups may range from 20–25 in number to as large as 400–500. Similar new Independent churches and movements are found in many parts of India. Sadhu Sundar Singh was a pioneering figure in the indigenisation of Christianity in India; baptised at Simla, he nevertheless remained free from the imported ecclesiastical institutions that Westernised the Indian church. There is also a more radical transformation of Christianity in hybrid religious groups in the borderlands between Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. The faith relation to Jesus of several Isa-Muslim and Christ bhakti-Hindu groups transcends the traditional denominational boundaries of Christianity. Prior to 1950 no Nepali Christians were resident in Nepal, but Nepali people managed to seep out into India, where a number of them became Christians, with most Pentecostal or Charismatic in character but indigenous in origin; more recently as many as 1 million were reported. A tiny underground church exists in Islamic Afghanistan, composed of former refugees who became Christians during the 1970s while in other countries.
David Henderson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331370
- eISBN:
- 9780199868087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331370.003.0010
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter alternates between a study of drumming lessons in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal and a consideration of studies of bodily knowledge, or what is sometimes called procedural knowledge, by ...
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This chapter alternates between a study of drumming lessons in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal and a consideration of studies of bodily knowledge, or what is sometimes called procedural knowledge, by three different kinds of scholars: the neurologist Antonio Damasio, the philosopher David Sudnow, and the anthropologist Michael Herzfeld. On one hand, it is an analysis, written ethnographically and phenomenologically, of how drumming becomes lodged in memory and in the body, and, on the other hand, it is a rumination, prompted partly by Herzfeld's work, on the place of outmoded artisan and artistic work in the modern nation-state.Less
This chapter alternates between a study of drumming lessons in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal and a consideration of studies of bodily knowledge, or what is sometimes called procedural knowledge, by three different kinds of scholars: the neurologist Antonio Damasio, the philosopher David Sudnow, and the anthropologist Michael Herzfeld. On one hand, it is an analysis, written ethnographically and phenomenologically, of how drumming becomes lodged in memory and in the body, and, on the other hand, it is a rumination, prompted partly by Herzfeld's work, on the place of outmoded artisan and artistic work in the modern nation-state.
