Nana Okura Gagné
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501753039
- eISBN:
- 9781501753053
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501753039.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter explores how globalization and neoliberal economic reforms operate and are operationalized on the ground by companies. It discusses how Japanese workers responded to large-scale economic ...
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This chapter explores how globalization and neoliberal economic reforms operate and are operationalized on the ground by companies. It discusses how Japanese workers responded to large-scale economic restructurings since the 1990s. It also reveals that the ideology of neoliberalism has been co-opted by Japanese corporations and management to reengineer older corporate practices in ways that were not possible before. The chapter describes key technologies of neoliberal restructuring in the form of the performance-based merit system and massive corporate restructuring that have destabilized the older corporate governance. It examines economic reforms on the ground level through the experiences and voices of employees and managers who have been on the front line of restructuring in postbubble Japan.Less
This chapter explores how globalization and neoliberal economic reforms operate and are operationalized on the ground by companies. It discusses how Japanese workers responded to large-scale economic restructurings since the 1990s. It also reveals that the ideology of neoliberalism has been co-opted by Japanese corporations and management to reengineer older corporate practices in ways that were not possible before. The chapter describes key technologies of neoliberal restructuring in the form of the performance-based merit system and massive corporate restructuring that have destabilized the older corporate governance. It examines economic reforms on the ground level through the experiences and voices of employees and managers who have been on the front line of restructuring in postbubble Japan.
Nana Okura Gagné
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781501753039
- eISBN:
- 9781501753053
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501753039.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter begins with a brief historicization of salarymen from the late 1800s to the early 1990s. It focuses on the formation of the socioeconomic category of the New Middle Class and the ...
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This chapter begins with a brief historicization of salarymen from the late 1800s to the early 1990s. It focuses on the formation of the socioeconomic category of the New Middle Class and the cultural production of the new middle-class orientation within Japan's economic and industrial structure. It also traces the historical trajectory through which the modern configuration of welfare, work, and family emerged in prewar Japan and then took new shape in postwar Japan through the fractious struggle of workers and management. The chapter examines how the particular construction of the new middle class as a lived experience has been articulated through the socioeconomic category of the new middle class. It situates the contemporary discourse of neoliberal economic reforms within the historical development of Japanese corporate governance and Japanese capitalism.Less
This chapter begins with a brief historicization of salarymen from the late 1800s to the early 1990s. It focuses on the formation of the socioeconomic category of the New Middle Class and the cultural production of the new middle-class orientation within Japan's economic and industrial structure. It also traces the historical trajectory through which the modern configuration of welfare, work, and family emerged in prewar Japan and then took new shape in postwar Japan through the fractious struggle of workers and management. The chapter examines how the particular construction of the new middle class as a lived experience has been articulated through the socioeconomic category of the new middle class. It situates the contemporary discourse of neoliberal economic reforms within the historical development of Japanese corporate governance and Japanese capitalism.
Nitsan Chorev
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450655
- eISBN:
- 9780801463921
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450655.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Since 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) has launched numerous programs aimed at improving health conditions around the globe. In setting global health priorities and carrying out initiatives, ...
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Since 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) has launched numerous programs aimed at improving health conditions around the globe. In setting global health priorities and carrying out initiatives, the WHO bureaucracy has faced the challenge of reconciling the preferences of a small minority of wealthy nations, who fund the organization, with the demands of poorer member countries, who hold the majority of votes. This book shows how the WHO bureaucracy has succeeded not only in avoiding having its agenda co-opted by either coalition of member states but also in reaching a consensus that fit the bureaucracy's own principles and interests. The book assesses the response of the WHO bureaucracy to member-state pressure in two particularly contentious moments: when during the 1970s and early 1980s developing countries forcefully called for a more equal international economic order, and when in the 1990s the United States and other wealthy countries demanded international organizations adopt neoliberal economic reforms. In analyzing these two periods, the book demonstrates how strategic maneuvering made it possible for a vulnerable bureaucracy to preserve a relatively autonomous agenda, promote a consistent set of values, and protect its interests in the face of challenges from developing and developed countries alike.Less
Since 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) has launched numerous programs aimed at improving health conditions around the globe. In setting global health priorities and carrying out initiatives, the WHO bureaucracy has faced the challenge of reconciling the preferences of a small minority of wealthy nations, who fund the organization, with the demands of poorer member countries, who hold the majority of votes. This book shows how the WHO bureaucracy has succeeded not only in avoiding having its agenda co-opted by either coalition of member states but also in reaching a consensus that fit the bureaucracy's own principles and interests. The book assesses the response of the WHO bureaucracy to member-state pressure in two particularly contentious moments: when during the 1970s and early 1980s developing countries forcefully called for a more equal international economic order, and when in the 1990s the United States and other wealthy countries demanded international organizations adopt neoliberal economic reforms. In analyzing these two periods, the book demonstrates how strategic maneuvering made it possible for a vulnerable bureaucracy to preserve a relatively autonomous agenda, promote a consistent set of values, and protect its interests in the face of challenges from developing and developed countries alike.
Jared Mackley-Crump
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824838713
- eISBN:
- 9780824868109
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824838713.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This chapter discusses how Aotearoa New Zealand became a center of the Pacific diaspora. The great Pacific migrations began in the 1960s and peaked in the early 1970s, due to New Zealand’s economic ...
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This chapter discusses how Aotearoa New Zealand became a center of the Pacific diaspora. The great Pacific migrations began in the 1960s and peaked in the early 1970s, due to New Zealand’s economic expansion and resulting labour shortages. These migrations were facilitated by a much longer history between New Zealand and its Pacific neighbors. This economic expansion did not last, however, and subsequent recessions and major neoliberal economic reform, from the 1980s, adversely impacted the position of Pacific communities. It is in this environment that the first Pacific festivals began and the second half of this chapter explores the history of Pacific festivalization in Aotearoa, from early beginnings in the 1970s through to the vibrant multiplicity of events that now take place in the 2000s. It focuses on the two broad types that have evolved: the schools-driven Polyfest model, and the highly-public Pasifika festivals.Less
This chapter discusses how Aotearoa New Zealand became a center of the Pacific diaspora. The great Pacific migrations began in the 1960s and peaked in the early 1970s, due to New Zealand’s economic expansion and resulting labour shortages. These migrations were facilitated by a much longer history between New Zealand and its Pacific neighbors. This economic expansion did not last, however, and subsequent recessions and major neoliberal economic reform, from the 1980s, adversely impacted the position of Pacific communities. It is in this environment that the first Pacific festivals began and the second half of this chapter explores the history of Pacific festivalization in Aotearoa, from early beginnings in the 1970s through to the vibrant multiplicity of events that now take place in the 2000s. It focuses on the two broad types that have evolved: the schools-driven Polyfest model, and the highly-public Pasifika festivals.
