Paul D. Numrich
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195386219
- eISBN:
- 9780199866731
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386219.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Religious diversity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades. How are Christians relating to their Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and other new religious neighbors? Using local ...
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Religious diversity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades. How are Christians relating to their Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and other new religious neighbors? Using local examples, this book covers the gamut of Christian perspectives in a multireligious America, including debate over a new Hindu temple in town, an Episcopal church that has hosted a mosque since 1987, cooperative efforts between African American pastors and Muslim leaders, immigrant Christians seeking to save non-Christian fellow immigrants, evangelicals resettling immigrants and refugees through “friendship evangelism,” Catholics learning about other religions in the spirit of Vatican II, and Greek Orthodox Christians and Turkish Muslims gaining a new appreciation of their shared history. The effects of September 11, 2001, are also discussed from increased dialogue to missionary initiatives. Here Christian theology meets the multireligious real world, with multiple results suggestive of national trends.Less
Religious diversity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades. How are Christians relating to their Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and other new religious neighbors? Using local examples, this book covers the gamut of Christian perspectives in a multireligious America, including debate over a new Hindu temple in town, an Episcopal church that has hosted a mosque since 1987, cooperative efforts between African American pastors and Muslim leaders, immigrant Christians seeking to save non-Christian fellow immigrants, evangelicals resettling immigrants and refugees through “friendship evangelism,” Catholics learning about other religions in the spirit of Vatican II, and Greek Orthodox Christians and Turkish Muslims gaining a new appreciation of their shared history. The effects of September 11, 2001, are also discussed from increased dialogue to missionary initiatives. Here Christian theology meets the multireligious real world, with multiple results suggestive of national trends.
M. Jamie Ferreira
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195130256
- eISBN:
- 9780199834181
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130251.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This commentary on Søren Kierkegaard's Works of Love (1847), a series of 15 deliberations on the love commandment (to love one's neighbor as oneself), argues that Works of Love provides resources for ...
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This commentary on Søren Kierkegaard's Works of Love (1847), a series of 15 deliberations on the love commandment (to love one's neighbor as oneself), argues that Works of Love provides resources for understanding our ethical responsibility for others in ways that respect concrete distinctiveness and equality, partiality and impartiality, as well as the relation between self‐esteem, human needs, and self‐denial. This reading of Kierkegaard's Christian love ethic – an ethic of agape – relates to contemporary discussions of love as infinite debt and radical gift; it presents the ethical relation as one of moral vision and moral blindness, in order to respect alterity and kinship; it also clarifies Kierkegaard's relation to his Lutheran heritage, highlighting both love's hiddenness and its works (fruits). Moreover, the deliberations on building up others, on forgiveness, and on reconciliation, address dimensions of our responsibility for community.Less
This commentary on Søren Kierkegaard's Works of Love (1847), a series of 15 deliberations on the love commandment (to love one's neighbor as oneself), argues that Works of Love provides resources for understanding our ethical responsibility for others in ways that respect concrete distinctiveness and equality, partiality and impartiality, as well as the relation between self‐esteem, human needs, and self‐denial. This reading of Kierkegaard's Christian love ethic – an ethic of agape – relates to contemporary discussions of love as infinite debt and radical gift; it presents the ethical relation as one of moral vision and moral blindness, in order to respect alterity and kinship; it also clarifies Kierkegaard's relation to his Lutheran heritage, highlighting both love's hiddenness and its works (fruits). Moreover, the deliberations on building up others, on forgiveness, and on reconciliation, address dimensions of our responsibility for community.
Patricia Lim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099906
- eISBN:
- 9789882207714
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099906.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This book follows on from the mapping and recording of about 10,000 graves that make up the Hong Kong Cemetery, for a database which will be held in the archives of the Hong Kong Memory Project and ...
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This book follows on from the mapping and recording of about 10,000 graves that make up the Hong Kong Cemetery, for a database which will be held in the archives of the Hong Kong Memory Project and the Royal Asiatic Society among other places. The silent tombs and elegantly carved inscriptions dating from 1842 up to the present day aroused curiosity in the author of this book about who these long-buried people were and how they lived their lives. The book has teased out from many sources the answers to these questions. This small, alien, and rather disparate band of adventurers came from a number of far distant countries to live and work in the tiny and insignificant British foothold of Hong Kong on the edge of a huge and little understood empire. The book tries to show their relationships with each other and with their Chinese neighbours on the island. It has attempted to breathe life into the stories behind the gravestones so that the Hong Kong Cemetery can be viewed as a cradle of history as well as a final resting place for the dead.Less
This book follows on from the mapping and recording of about 10,000 graves that make up the Hong Kong Cemetery, for a database which will be held in the archives of the Hong Kong Memory Project and the Royal Asiatic Society among other places. The silent tombs and elegantly carved inscriptions dating from 1842 up to the present day aroused curiosity in the author of this book about who these long-buried people were and how they lived their lives. The book has teased out from many sources the answers to these questions. This small, alien, and rather disparate band of adventurers came from a number of far distant countries to live and work in the tiny and insignificant British foothold of Hong Kong on the edge of a huge and little understood empire. The book tries to show their relationships with each other and with their Chinese neighbours on the island. It has attempted to breathe life into the stories behind the gravestones so that the Hong Kong Cemetery can be viewed as a cradle of history as well as a final resting place for the dead.
Lenn E. Goodman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328820
- eISBN:
- 9780199870172
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328820.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
In this expanded text of his 2005 Gifford Lectures, the well‐known philosopher Lenn Goodman details how the Torah and the rabbinic Sages flesh out the demands of the Bible's core ethical imperative: ...
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In this expanded text of his 2005 Gifford Lectures, the well‐known philosopher Lenn Goodman details how the Torah and the rabbinic Sages flesh out the demands of the Bible's core ethical imperative: Love thy neighbor as thyself. The philosophy of monotheism and the ethics of charity, justice, and love, Goodman argues, go hand in hand, informing, enlarging, and enlightening one another: The idea of God's goodness infuses every practical and intellectual facet of the Judaic moral ideal. Our ethical commitments are deepened, broadened, and intensified by our understanding of God's love; our knowledge and love of God are enriched and given effect by our moral character and ethical practices.In a special “Q&A” section, Goodman continues the dialogue begun in Glasgow, addressing questions that arose in the lectures as to the place of the mitzvot or commandments in Judaism and comparing Christian, Muslim, and secular perspectives on divine commands and human obligations.Less
In this expanded text of his 2005 Gifford Lectures, the well‐known philosopher Lenn Goodman details how the Torah and the rabbinic Sages flesh out the demands of the Bible's core ethical imperative: Love thy neighbor as thyself. The philosophy of monotheism and the ethics of charity, justice, and love, Goodman argues, go hand in hand, informing, enlarging, and enlightening one another: The idea of God's goodness infuses every practical and intellectual facet of the Judaic moral ideal. Our ethical commitments are deepened, broadened, and intensified by our understanding of God's love; our knowledge and love of God are enriched and given effect by our moral character and ethical practices.
In a special “Q&A” section, Goodman continues the dialogue begun in Glasgow, addressing questions that arose in the lectures as to the place of the mitzvot or commandments in Judaism and comparing Christian, Muslim, and secular perspectives on divine commands and human obligations.
Andrew J. Connolly, Jacob T. VanderPlas, Alexander Gray, Andrew J. Connolly, Jacob T. VanderPlas, and Alexander Gray
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151687
- eISBN:
- 9781400848911
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151687.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
Chapter 6 described techniques for estimating joint probability distributions from multivariate data sets and for identifying the inherent clustering within the properties of sources. This approach ...
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Chapter 6 described techniques for estimating joint probability distributions from multivariate data sets and for identifying the inherent clustering within the properties of sources. This approach can be viewed as the unsupervised classification of data. If, however, we have labels for some of these data points (e.g., an object is tall, short, red, or blue) we can utilize this information to develop a relationship between the label and the properties of a source. We refer to this as supervised classification, which is the focus of this chapter. The motivation for supervised classification comes from the long history of classification in astronomy. Possibly the most well known of these classification schemes is that defined by Edwin Hubble for the morphological classification of galaxies based on their visual appearance. This chapter discusses generative classification, k-nearest-neighbor classifier, discriminative classification, support vector machines, decision trees, and evaluating classifiers.Less
Chapter 6 described techniques for estimating joint probability distributions from multivariate data sets and for identifying the inherent clustering within the properties of sources. This approach can be viewed as the unsupervised classification of data. If, however, we have labels for some of these data points (e.g., an object is tall, short, red, or blue) we can utilize this information to develop a relationship between the label and the properties of a source. We refer to this as supervised classification, which is the focus of this chapter. The motivation for supervised classification comes from the long history of classification in astronomy. Possibly the most well known of these classification schemes is that defined by Edwin Hubble for the morphological classification of galaxies based on their visual appearance. This chapter discusses generative classification, k-nearest-neighbor classifier, discriminative classification, support vector machines, decision trees, and evaluating classifiers.
Lenn E. Goodman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328820
- eISBN:
- 9780199870172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328820.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter aims to put some flesh on the bones of the biblical commandment Love thy neighbor as thyself. Goodman situates the Mosaic ethics of love and its commands in behalf of existential desert ...
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This chapter aims to put some flesh on the bones of the biblical commandment Love thy neighbor as thyself. Goodman situates the Mosaic ethics of love and its commands in behalf of existential desert and the dignity of personhood. Biblical and rabbinic thinking here and in particular in the work of the philosopher Bahya ibn Paquda stands out vividly alongside the ideas of Hobbes, Hume, Adam Smith, and John Rawls. It is not utility or the sheer positivity of the Law that motivates love of one's neighbor, or anything so abstract as Kantian duty, but the very claim the neighbor makes on us. In this light, the commandment becomes more robust and concrete, its expectations clarified and enlarged.Less
This chapter aims to put some flesh on the bones of the biblical commandment Love thy neighbor as thyself. Goodman situates the Mosaic ethics of love and its commands in behalf of existential desert and the dignity of personhood. Biblical and rabbinic thinking here and in particular in the work of the philosopher Bahya ibn Paquda stands out vividly alongside the ideas of Hobbes, Hume, Adam Smith, and John Rawls. It is not utility or the sheer positivity of the Law that motivates love of one's neighbor, or anything so abstract as Kantian duty, but the very claim the neighbor makes on us. In this light, the commandment becomes more robust and concrete, its expectations clarified and enlarged.
Lenn E. Goodman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328820
- eISBN:
- 9780199870172
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328820.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
How is ethics related to God? The two areas interpenetrate: We learn about God through our ethical understanding and about ethics through our understanding of God. The chapter locates seven areas ...
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How is ethics related to God? The two areas interpenetrate: We learn about God through our ethical understanding and about ethics through our understanding of God. The chapter locates seven areas where the idea of God can enhance our ethical thinking: (1) By imparting a positive content, going beyond mere formal obligations in favor of love, (2) by offering a foundation that makes ethical demands matters of inviolable principle, (3) by giving moral claims stability over time and (4) universality of perspective, (5) by elevating those claims beyond the minimal, (6) by giving ethics an inward orientation in conscience and conscientiousness, and (7) by imparting an outward orientation too, in the ideal of imitatio Dei. Religion does not add to morality by the sheer force of a divine imperative. Rather, what God asks of us is the recognition of desert: respect for being and love for one another.Less
How is ethics related to God? The two areas interpenetrate: We learn about God through our ethical understanding and about ethics through our understanding of God. The chapter locates seven areas where the idea of God can enhance our ethical thinking: (1) By imparting a positive content, going beyond mere formal obligations in favor of love, (2) by offering a foundation that makes ethical demands matters of inviolable principle, (3) by giving moral claims stability over time and (4) universality of perspective, (5) by elevating those claims beyond the minimal, (6) by giving ethics an inward orientation in conscience and conscientiousness, and (7) by imparting an outward orientation too, in the ideal of imitatio Dei. Religion does not add to morality by the sheer force of a divine imperative. Rather, what God asks of us is the recognition of desert: respect for being and love for one another.
Jennifer Erin Beste
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195311099
- eISBN:
- 9780199871117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311099.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter explores the ethical implications resulting from this revised understanding of the self, freedom, and God's grace—implications that are relevant to trauma survivors and to Christian ...
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This chapter explores the ethical implications resulting from this revised understanding of the self, freedom, and God's grace—implications that are relevant to trauma survivors and to Christian communities as a whole. This chapter argues that this revised theology of freedom and grace intensifies our sense of collective responsibility for enabling one another's freedom before God. The chapter proceeds to examine how Christian communities can practically reach out to trauma survivors to facilitate healing and recovery from traumatic violence. There is hope that creative acts of neighbor‐love can mediate divine grace, fostering incest survivors' freedom to relate lovingly to God and neighbor.Less
This chapter explores the ethical implications resulting from this revised understanding of the self, freedom, and God's grace—implications that are relevant to trauma survivors and to Christian communities as a whole. This chapter argues that this revised theology of freedom and grace intensifies our sense of collective responsibility for enabling one another's freedom before God. The chapter proceeds to examine how Christian communities can practically reach out to trauma survivors to facilitate healing and recovery from traumatic violence. There is hope that creative acts of neighbor‐love can mediate divine grace, fostering incest survivors' freedom to relate lovingly to God and neighbor.
Mathew Penrose
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198506263
- eISBN:
- 9780191707858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506263.003.0004
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
This chapter is concerned with the empirical process of k-nearest neighbour distances for n random points, where k=k(n) is specified and is either fixed or grows with n. That is, the proportion of ...
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This chapter is concerned with the empirical process of k-nearest neighbour distances for n random points, where k=k(n) is specified and is either fixed or grows with n. That is, the proportion of k-nearest neighbour distances amongst n random points which are less than t, is considered. This is shown to obey a law of large numbers, and after appropriate centring and scaling, to converge to a Gaussian process in t. The number of k-nearest neighbour distances less than t can be re-interpreted as the number of vertices of G(n,t) of degree at least k.Less
This chapter is concerned with the empirical process of k-nearest neighbour distances for n random points, where k=k(n) is specified and is either fixed or grows with n. That is, the proportion of k-nearest neighbour distances amongst n random points which are less than t, is considered. This is shown to obey a law of large numbers, and after appropriate centring and scaling, to converge to a Gaussian process in t. The number of k-nearest neighbour distances less than t can be re-interpreted as the number of vertices of G(n,t) of degree at least k.
Mathew Penrose
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198506263
- eISBN:
- 9780191707858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506263.003.0008
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
This chapter demonstrates certain convergence in distribution results for the number of vertices of degree k in G(n,r) from which convergence in distribution results are derived for the largest ...
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This chapter demonstrates certain convergence in distribution results for the number of vertices of degree k in G(n,r) from which convergence in distribution results are derived for the largest k-nearest neighbour link on n random points (denoted Mk ). In the case of uniformly distributed points in the cube, the value of Mk d (scaled and centred appropriately) converges in distribution to the double exponential distribution. A similar result is demonstrated for M1 (with different scaling and centring constants) in the case of normally distributed points.Less
This chapter demonstrates certain convergence in distribution results for the number of vertices of degree k in G(n,r) from which convergence in distribution results are derived for the largest k-nearest neighbour link on n random points (denoted Mk ). In the case of uniformly distributed points in the cube, the value of Mk d (scaled and centred appropriately) converges in distribution to the double exponential distribution. A similar result is demonstrated for M1 (with different scaling and centring constants) in the case of normally distributed points.
Andrea Braides
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198507840
- eISBN:
- 9780191709890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198507840.003.0005
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
In this chapter, discrete systems and finite-difference schemes are interpreted as constrained variational problems, and are studied within the theory of Gamma-convergence for integral functionals to ...
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In this chapter, discrete systems and finite-difference schemes are interpreted as constrained variational problems, and are studied within the theory of Gamma-convergence for integral functionals to obtain a continuous limit integral energy. It is shown that for next-to-nearest neighbour interactions, this type of energies exhibit a multiple-scale behaviour mixing microscopic and mesoscopic oscillations.Less
In this chapter, discrete systems and finite-difference schemes are interpreted as constrained variational problems, and are studied within the theory of Gamma-convergence for integral functionals to obtain a continuous limit integral energy. It is shown that for next-to-nearest neighbour interactions, this type of energies exhibit a multiple-scale behaviour mixing microscopic and mesoscopic oscillations.
ANDREW CRAWLEY
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199212651
- eISBN:
- 9780191707315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212651.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This introductory chapter begins with the discussion of the death and legacy of Franklin Roosevelt, primarily his policy of good neighbourism. It was mentioned that studies dealing with the good ...
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This introductory chapter begins with the discussion of the death and legacy of Franklin Roosevelt, primarily his policy of good neighbourism. It was mentioned that studies dealing with the good neighbour period were very few; therefore it was also mentioned that the book is a study in diplomatic history adopting a chronological approach. The study also considers the issue of diplomatic interference in US-Nicaraguan relations and the extent to which, in the context of each phase, the United States usefully effected the proclaimed central tenet of its policy. This book attempts to show what demands can reasonably be made on the history of the good neighbour policy in Nicaragua, and the true nature of diplomatic relations between the governments of Anastasio Somoza and Franklin Roosevelt.Less
This introductory chapter begins with the discussion of the death and legacy of Franklin Roosevelt, primarily his policy of good neighbourism. It was mentioned that studies dealing with the good neighbour period were very few; therefore it was also mentioned that the book is a study in diplomatic history adopting a chronological approach. The study also considers the issue of diplomatic interference in US-Nicaraguan relations and the extent to which, in the context of each phase, the United States usefully effected the proclaimed central tenet of its policy. This book attempts to show what demands can reasonably be made on the history of the good neighbour policy in Nicaragua, and the true nature of diplomatic relations between the governments of Anastasio Somoza and Franklin Roosevelt.
ANDREW CRAWLEY
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199212651
- eISBN:
- 9780191707315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212651.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter discusses Anastasio Somoza's rise to power as an end-result of Washington's good neighbour diplomacy. It tells of the circumstances that facilitated Somoza's rise to power and the idea ...
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This chapter discusses Anastasio Somoza's rise to power as an end-result of Washington's good neighbour diplomacy. It tells of the circumstances that facilitated Somoza's rise to power and the idea that the Somoza regime was an American-created and American-sponsored institution from the outset, that it was the planned culmination of a US design for Nicaragua, has tended to furnish much of its own momentum. In revolutionary Nicaragua, that version of events became accepted history. The chapter presents that Somoza's rise was not the result of machinations on the part of the Roosevelt administration and how he used the Guardia to his advantage. On the contrary, it was in large part a result of their absence. The chapter also determines that the Roosevelt administration cannot be held ultimately liable and solely accountable for his presidency and subsequent excesses without an unrealistically austere interpretation of the chain of causality.Less
This chapter discusses Anastasio Somoza's rise to power as an end-result of Washington's good neighbour diplomacy. It tells of the circumstances that facilitated Somoza's rise to power and the idea that the Somoza regime was an American-created and American-sponsored institution from the outset, that it was the planned culmination of a US design for Nicaragua, has tended to furnish much of its own momentum. In revolutionary Nicaragua, that version of events became accepted history. The chapter presents that Somoza's rise was not the result of machinations on the part of the Roosevelt administration and how he used the Guardia to his advantage. On the contrary, it was in large part a result of their absence. The chapter also determines that the Roosevelt administration cannot be held ultimately liable and solely accountable for his presidency and subsequent excesses without an unrealistically austere interpretation of the chain of causality.
ANDREW CRAWLEY
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199212651
- eISBN:
- 9780191707315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212651.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter argues that by the beginning of 1935 the positions of the main factions within Nicaragua were explicit. According to Lane, Somoza was ‘definitely determined to be the next president’. ...
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This chapter argues that by the beginning of 1935 the positions of the main factions within Nicaragua were explicit. According to Lane, Somoza was ‘definitely determined to be the next president’. There was also a shift in the political distinctions within the country. What used to be a prime division between Liberals and Conservatives became a distinction between a gobernista or Somocista. It became a struggle for the US how to handle the fragile political condition to avoid being accused of intervening in Nicaraguan affairs and adhere to the policy of good neighbour. Despite the violence that erupted in Nicaragua, presidential elections were held on 8 December 1936 without incident. Somoza ran for president against the Arguello-Espinosa ticket, Somoza won and was inaugurated as president of Nicaragua. The chapter shows the part that Guardia played in the election.Less
This chapter argues that by the beginning of 1935 the positions of the main factions within Nicaragua were explicit. According to Lane, Somoza was ‘definitely determined to be the next president’. There was also a shift in the political distinctions within the country. What used to be a prime division between Liberals and Conservatives became a distinction between a gobernista or Somocista. It became a struggle for the US how to handle the fragile political condition to avoid being accused of intervening in Nicaraguan affairs and adhere to the policy of good neighbour. Despite the violence that erupted in Nicaragua, presidential elections were held on 8 December 1936 without incident. Somoza ran for president against the Arguello-Espinosa ticket, Somoza won and was inaugurated as president of Nicaragua. The chapter shows the part that Guardia played in the election.
B. S. Rosner and J. B. Pickering
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198521389
- eISBN:
- 9780191706622
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198521389.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
Data on identification and discrimination of vowels lead in to an initial theory of vowel perception. The theory invokes phonetic loudness density patterns, due to auditory excitation patterns ...
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Data on identification and discrimination of vowels lead in to an initial theory of vowel perception. The theory invokes phonetic loudness density patterns, due to auditory excitation patterns modified by masking and suppression. Indicator locations E1 and E2 specify the two lowest peaks in the phonetic loudness density function, reflecting the centre frequencies of the first two formants. Using these indicators, vowel identification is initially modelled on a nearest neighbour basis.Less
Data on identification and discrimination of vowels lead in to an initial theory of vowel perception. The theory invokes phonetic loudness density patterns, due to auditory excitation patterns modified by masking and suppression. Indicator locations E1 and E2 specify the two lowest peaks in the phonetic loudness density function, reflecting the centre frequencies of the first two formants. Using these indicators, vowel identification is initially modelled on a nearest neighbour basis.
Charles Ramble
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195154146
- eISBN:
- 9780199868513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154146.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
The cohesiveness that gave the Shöyul the collective strength with which to deal with its troublesome neighbours required alliances between communities that were sometimes the bitterest of enemies. ...
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The cohesiveness that gave the Shöyul the collective strength with which to deal with its troublesome neighbours required alliances between communities that were sometimes the bitterest of enemies. Documents from Te's archives include the record of threats to its very existence in the 17th century, as a result of regional warfare—mainly with Jumla—and also the perceived treachery of its nearest neighbour, Tshug. The chapter uses both Nepali and Tibetan documents to reconstruct the history of boundary disputes between Te and all its neighbours in subsequent centuries. These conflicts, which are concerned mainly with the use of grazing lands, are seen as an important part of the development of Te's territorial identity and self‐definition. It is suggested that the cautious attitude of the Tepas toward outsiders is due in part to a long and sometimes traumatic legacy of hostile engagement with other communities as well as more distant powers.Less
The cohesiveness that gave the Shöyul the collective strength with which to deal with its troublesome neighbours required alliances between communities that were sometimes the bitterest of enemies. Documents from Te's archives include the record of threats to its very existence in the 17th century, as a result of regional warfare—mainly with Jumla—and also the perceived treachery of its nearest neighbour, Tshug. The chapter uses both Nepali and Tibetan documents to reconstruct the history of boundary disputes between Te and all its neighbours in subsequent centuries. These conflicts, which are concerned mainly with the use of grazing lands, are seen as an important part of the development of Te's territorial identity and self‐definition. It is suggested that the cautious attitude of the Tepas toward outsiders is due in part to a long and sometimes traumatic legacy of hostile engagement with other communities as well as more distant powers.
Steve Hindle
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271320
- eISBN:
- 9780191709548
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271320.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book is a study of the negotiations which took place over the allocation of poor relief in the rural communities of 16th-, 17th-, and early 18th-century England. It analyses the relationships ...
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This book is a study of the negotiations which took place over the allocation of poor relief in the rural communities of 16th-, 17th-, and early 18th-century England. It analyses the relationships between the enduring systems of informal support through which the labouring poor made attempts to survive for themselves; the expanding range of endowed charity encouraged by the late 16th-century statutes for charitable uses; and the developing system of parish relief co-ordinated under the Elizabethan poor laws. Based on research in the archives of the trustees who administered endowments, of the overseers of the poor who assessed rates and distributed pensions, of the magistrates who audited and co-ordinated relief, and of the royal judges who played such an important role in interpreting the Elizabethan statutes, the book reconstructs the hierarchy of provision of relief as it was experienced among the poor themselves. It argues that receipt of a parish pension was only the final (and by no means the inevitable) stage in a protracted process of negotiation between prospective pensioners (or ‘collectioners’, as they came to be called) and parish officers. This running theme is itself reflected in a series of chapters whose sequence seeks to mirror the experience of indigence, moving gradually (and by stages) from the networks of care provided by kin and neighbours into the bureaucracy of the parish relief system, emphasizing in particular the importance of labour discipline in the thinking of parish officers.Less
This book is a study of the negotiations which took place over the allocation of poor relief in the rural communities of 16th-, 17th-, and early 18th-century England. It analyses the relationships between the enduring systems of informal support through which the labouring poor made attempts to survive for themselves; the expanding range of endowed charity encouraged by the late 16th-century statutes for charitable uses; and the developing system of parish relief co-ordinated under the Elizabethan poor laws. Based on research in the archives of the trustees who administered endowments, of the overseers of the poor who assessed rates and distributed pensions, of the magistrates who audited and co-ordinated relief, and of the royal judges who played such an important role in interpreting the Elizabethan statutes, the book reconstructs the hierarchy of provision of relief as it was experienced among the poor themselves. It argues that receipt of a parish pension was only the final (and by no means the inevitable) stage in a protracted process of negotiation between prospective pensioners (or ‘collectioners’, as they came to be called) and parish officers. This running theme is itself reflected in a series of chapters whose sequence seeks to mirror the experience of indigence, moving gradually (and by stages) from the networks of care provided by kin and neighbours into the bureaucracy of the parish relief system, emphasizing in particular the importance of labour discipline in the thinking of parish officers.
Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157207
- eISBN:
- 9781400846498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157207.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines what residents understand as the most important sources of community spirit in their towns. It is widely believed that small towns do encourage community participation, but the ...
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This chapter examines what residents understand as the most important sources of community spirit in their towns. It is widely believed that small towns do encourage community participation, but the meanings of community spirit or its sources in towns' activities, such as homecoming festivals and events related to athletics, have rarely been studied. The chapter considers how narratives about the goodness and decency of a community are formulated, and how they reflect special occasions in which personal or collective tragedy is overcome. A key part of community spirit is the perception that acquaintances in town are in fact good neighbors. How neighborliness is demonstrated even through small greetings and sidewalk behavior is the secret behind these perceptions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the stories that townspeople tell to combat negative stereotypes imposed on them by city people along with tales that emphasize the relative freedom, openness, and closeness to nature that small-town life provides.Less
This chapter examines what residents understand as the most important sources of community spirit in their towns. It is widely believed that small towns do encourage community participation, but the meanings of community spirit or its sources in towns' activities, such as homecoming festivals and events related to athletics, have rarely been studied. The chapter considers how narratives about the goodness and decency of a community are formulated, and how they reflect special occasions in which personal or collective tragedy is overcome. A key part of community spirit is the perception that acquaintances in town are in fact good neighbors. How neighborliness is demonstrated even through small greetings and sidewalk behavior is the secret behind these perceptions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the stories that townspeople tell to combat negative stereotypes imposed on them by city people along with tales that emphasize the relative freedom, openness, and closeness to nature that small-town life provides.
C. Stephen Evans
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199272174
- eISBN:
- 9780191602061
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272174.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Kierkegaard presents a form of divine command theory of moral obligation similar to accounts developed by Robert Adams and Philip Quinn. The account understands the relation humans have with a loving ...
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Kierkegaard presents a form of divine command theory of moral obligation similar to accounts developed by Robert Adams and Philip Quinn. The account understands the relation humans have with a loving God as making possible the greatest human good, and as creating those unique obligations we designate as moral. God’s commands should be obeyed, not because of fear of divine punishment, but out of love and gratitude for the good that God has bestowed on humanity. Though God can and does address specific individuals, the fundamental divine command is the injunction – common to Judaism and Christianity – to love one’s neighbour as oneself. God’s commands are not arbitrary; they are directed at human flourishing and lead to genuine happiness, even though obedience to them requires self-denial and is not egoistically motivated. This Kierkegaardian ethic, found principally in Works of Love, has advantages over its contemporary secular rivals, such as evolutionary naturalism, social contract theories, and moral relativism. Additionally, this form of divine command theory resists the fundamental objections often posed against a religiously grounded ethic.Less
Kierkegaard presents a form of divine command theory of moral obligation similar to accounts developed by Robert Adams and Philip Quinn. The account understands the relation humans have with a loving God as making possible the greatest human good, and as creating those unique obligations we designate as moral. God’s commands should be obeyed, not because of fear of divine punishment, but out of love and gratitude for the good that God has bestowed on humanity. Though God can and does address specific individuals, the fundamental divine command is the injunction – common to Judaism and Christianity – to love one’s neighbour as oneself. God’s commands are not arbitrary; they are directed at human flourishing and lead to genuine happiness, even though obedience to them requires self-denial and is not egoistically motivated. This Kierkegaardian ethic, found principally in Works of Love, has advantages over its contemporary secular rivals, such as evolutionary naturalism, social contract theories, and moral relativism. Additionally, this form of divine command theory resists the fundamental objections often posed against a religiously grounded ethic.
Oliver Neighbour
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197262788
- eISBN:
- 9780191754210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262788.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Alan Tyson was a musicologist who made an outstanding contribution to understanding issues of authenticity and chronology in the works of Mozart and Beethoven often based on detailed study of the ...
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Alan Tyson was a musicologist who made an outstanding contribution to understanding issues of authenticity and chronology in the works of Mozart and Beethoven often based on detailed study of the paper used in sketchbooks and manuscripts. Yet he had qualified as a psychoanalyst and clinical psychiatrist, and until 1969, when he obtained a visiting professorship at Columbia University, musicology was only a scholarly hobby. In 1971, Tyson was awarded a Senior Research Fellowship at All Souls College Oxford and thereafter pursued it as a full-time career. He was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1978. Obituary by Oliver Neighbour FBA.Less
Alan Tyson was a musicologist who made an outstanding contribution to understanding issues of authenticity and chronology in the works of Mozart and Beethoven often based on detailed study of the paper used in sketchbooks and manuscripts. Yet he had qualified as a psychoanalyst and clinical psychiatrist, and until 1969, when he obtained a visiting professorship at Columbia University, musicology was only a scholarly hobby. In 1971, Tyson was awarded a Senior Research Fellowship at All Souls College Oxford and thereafter pursued it as a full-time career. He was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1978. Obituary by Oliver Neighbour FBA.
