Matthew S. Seligmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199261505
- eISBN:
- 9780191718618
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261505.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Why did the British government declare war on Germany in August 1914? Was it because Germany posed a threat to British national security? Today many prominent historians would argue that this was not ...
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Why did the British government declare war on Germany in August 1914? Was it because Germany posed a threat to British national security? Today many prominent historians would argue that this was not the case and that a million British citizens died needlessly in the trenches for a misguided cause. However, this book counters such revisionist arguments. It disputes the suggestion that the British government either got its facts wrong about the German threat or even, as some have claimed, deliberately ‘invented’ it in order to justify an otherwise unnecessary alignment with France and Russia. By examining the military and naval intelligence assessments forwarded from Germany to London by Britain's service attachés in Berlin, its ‘men on the spot’, this book clearly demonstrates that the British authorities had every reason to be alarmed. From these crucial intelligence documents, previously thought to have been lost, this book proves that in the decade before the First World War, the British government was kept well-informed about military and naval developments in the Reich. In particular, the attachés consistently warned that German ambitions to challenge Britain posed a real and imminent danger to national security. As a result, the book concludes that far from being mistaken or invented, the British government's perception of a German threat before 1914 was rooted in hard and credible intelligence.Less
Why did the British government declare war on Germany in August 1914? Was it because Germany posed a threat to British national security? Today many prominent historians would argue that this was not the case and that a million British citizens died needlessly in the trenches for a misguided cause. However, this book counters such revisionist arguments. It disputes the suggestion that the British government either got its facts wrong about the German threat or even, as some have claimed, deliberately ‘invented’ it in order to justify an otherwise unnecessary alignment with France and Russia. By examining the military and naval intelligence assessments forwarded from Germany to London by Britain's service attachés in Berlin, its ‘men on the spot’, this book clearly demonstrates that the British authorities had every reason to be alarmed. From these crucial intelligence documents, previously thought to have been lost, this book proves that in the decade before the First World War, the British government was kept well-informed about military and naval developments in the Reich. In particular, the attachés consistently warned that German ambitions to challenge Britain posed a real and imminent danger to national security. As a result, the book concludes that far from being mistaken or invented, the British government's perception of a German threat before 1914 was rooted in hard and credible intelligence.
Matthew S. Seligmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199574032
- eISBN:
- 9780191741432
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574032.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This book examines the way in which the prospect of a wartime German assault on British seaborne commerce influenced the development of British naval policy in the run up to the First World War. It ...
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This book examines the way in which the prospect of a wartime German assault on British seaborne commerce influenced the development of British naval policy in the run up to the First World War. It argues that, owing to the Admiralty’s consistently expressed fears that, in the event of an Anglo-German conflict, German commerce-raiders could interdict vital supplies, the British government began to consider German maritime power as a serious danger to British national security at the very outset of the twentieth century and that this sense of anxiety continued, even sharpened, as the years unfolded. It further argues that as a result of this perception of a growing menace, the Royal Navy devoted considerable time and energy to devising ever more elaborate countermeasures. These included developing new types of auxiliary and then regular warships, attempting to change international maritime law, creating a new global intelligence network, seeking to involve the government in the maritime insurance system and, finally, arming British merchant vessels and taking steps to place trained gun crews on these vessels in peacetime. While some of these developments have been subject to alternative explanations, some have never been explained at all. Yet, as this book shows, all had their origins, substantially or even entirely, in the Admiralty’s fears of a German threat to British maritime commerce. As a result, it concludes that the prospect of a German assault on British trade played a major part in shaping Admiralty policy in the twelve years before 1914.Less
This book examines the way in which the prospect of a wartime German assault on British seaborne commerce influenced the development of British naval policy in the run up to the First World War. It argues that, owing to the Admiralty’s consistently expressed fears that, in the event of an Anglo-German conflict, German commerce-raiders could interdict vital supplies, the British government began to consider German maritime power as a serious danger to British national security at the very outset of the twentieth century and that this sense of anxiety continued, even sharpened, as the years unfolded. It further argues that as a result of this perception of a growing menace, the Royal Navy devoted considerable time and energy to devising ever more elaborate countermeasures. These included developing new types of auxiliary and then regular warships, attempting to change international maritime law, creating a new global intelligence network, seeking to involve the government in the maritime insurance system and, finally, arming British merchant vessels and taking steps to place trained gun crews on these vessels in peacetime. While some of these developments have been subject to alternative explanations, some have never been explained at all. Yet, as this book shows, all had their origins, substantially or even entirely, in the Admiralty’s fears of a German threat to British maritime commerce. As a result, it concludes that the prospect of a German assault on British trade played a major part in shaping Admiralty policy in the twelve years before 1914.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292494
- eISBN:
- 9780191599682
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829249X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Explores segregation in the military and resistance to its abolition ever since the founding of the country and the War of Independence to President Truman's 1947 Committee on Civil Rights and well ...
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Explores segregation in the military and resistance to its abolition ever since the founding of the country and the War of Independence to President Truman's 1947 Committee on Civil Rights and well into the 1960s. King examines original transcripts of testimony before Truman's committee and other investigations into segregation especially prior to and during the Second World War. He also looks at the policies and reports of the American Navy, Marine Corps, and the Army as well as those of Black American soldiers stationed abroad in Britain and Europe. Throughout the chapter, he traces the tensions arising from the war's premise to promote democracy in the new global community while tolerating the suppression of civil rights domestically.Less
Explores segregation in the military and resistance to its abolition ever since the founding of the country and the War of Independence to President Truman's 1947 Committee on Civil Rights and well into the 1960s. King examines original transcripts of testimony before Truman's committee and other investigations into segregation especially prior to and during the Second World War. He also looks at the policies and reports of the American Navy, Marine Corps, and the Army as well as those of Black American soldiers stationed abroad in Britain and Europe. Throughout the chapter, he traces the tensions arising from the war's premise to promote democracy in the new global community while tolerating the suppression of civil rights domestically.
Ray A. Moore and Donald L. Robinson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195151169
- eISBN:
- 9780199833917
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019515116X.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Describes the U.S. government's wartime (1942–1945) planning of the occupation of Japan. American planners clashed over the role of Japan's emperor in a postwar democratic nation. Joseph Grew and ...
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Describes the U.S. government's wartime (1942–1945) planning of the occupation of Japan. American planners clashed over the role of Japan's emperor in a postwar democratic nation. Joseph Grew and Henry Stimson favored his retention, but failed to get their view in the Potsdam Declaration, which defined the conditions for Japan's surrender. Washington's directive to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP), General Douglas MacArthur, was ambiguous on constitutional reform and treatment of the emperor. This gave MacArthur an opportunity to interpret U.S. policy and place his indelible imprint on Japan's postwar political structure.Less
Describes the U.S. government's wartime (1942–1945) planning of the occupation of Japan. American planners clashed over the role of Japan's emperor in a postwar democratic nation. Joseph Grew and Henry Stimson favored his retention, but failed to get their view in the Potsdam Declaration, which defined the conditions for Japan's surrender. Washington's directive to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP), General Douglas MacArthur, was ambiguous on constitutional reform and treatment of the emperor. This gave MacArthur an opportunity to interpret U.S. policy and place his indelible imprint on Japan's postwar political structure.
Olivier Chaline
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265383
- eISBN:
- 9780191760433
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265383.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Did the immense investment in the French Navy in the context of the crisis of the monarchy outstrip the financial resources of the État royal, thus being a major cause or even the principal cause of ...
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Did the immense investment in the French Navy in the context of the crisis of the monarchy outstrip the financial resources of the État royal, thus being a major cause or even the principal cause of the Revolution? Financially the critical period was not the War of American Independence but the years following the return of peace. The decisions made by those in charge of the French navy to maintain its expansion, while the costs of construction were doubling and while the state-funded budget was shrinking, were heavy with troublesome consequences as the monarchy was plunged into political crisis after the summoning of the Assembly of Notables.Less
Did the immense investment in the French Navy in the context of the crisis of the monarchy outstrip the financial resources of the État royal, thus being a major cause or even the principal cause of the Revolution? Financially the critical period was not the War of American Independence but the years following the return of peace. The decisions made by those in charge of the French navy to maintain its expansion, while the costs of construction were doubling and while the state-funded budget was shrinking, were heavy with troublesome consequences as the monarchy was plunged into political crisis after the summoning of the Assembly of Notables.
Arthur J. Marder, Mark Jacobsen, and John Horsfield
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201502
- eISBN:
- 9780191674907
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201502.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This first account of the Royal Navy in the Pacific War is a companion volume to Arthur Marder's Old Friends, New Enemies: Strategic Illusions, 1936–1941. Picking up the story at the nadir of British ...
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This first account of the Royal Navy in the Pacific War is a companion volume to Arthur Marder's Old Friends, New Enemies: Strategic Illusions, 1936–1941. Picking up the story at the nadir of British naval fortunes – ‘everywhere weak and naked’, in Churchill's phrase – it examines the Royal Navy's role in events from 1942 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. Drawing on both British and Japanese sources and personal accounts by participants, the authors retell the story of the collapse of Allied defences in the Dutch East Indies, culminating in the Battle of the Java Sea. They recount the attempts of the ‘fighting admiral’, Sir James Somerville, to train his motley fleet of cast-offs into an efficient fighting force in spite of the reluctance of Churchill, who resisted the formation of a full-scale British Pacific Fleet until the 1945 assault on the Ryukyu Islands immediately south of Japan. The account provides an analysis of the key personalities who shaped events in these momentous years.Less
This first account of the Royal Navy in the Pacific War is a companion volume to Arthur Marder's Old Friends, New Enemies: Strategic Illusions, 1936–1941. Picking up the story at the nadir of British naval fortunes – ‘everywhere weak and naked’, in Churchill's phrase – it examines the Royal Navy's role in events from 1942 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945. Drawing on both British and Japanese sources and personal accounts by participants, the authors retell the story of the collapse of Allied defences in the Dutch East Indies, culminating in the Battle of the Java Sea. They recount the attempts of the ‘fighting admiral’, Sir James Somerville, to train his motley fleet of cast-offs into an efficient fighting force in spite of the reluctance of Churchill, who resisted the formation of a full-scale British Pacific Fleet until the 1945 assault on the Ryukyu Islands immediately south of Japan. The account provides an analysis of the key personalities who shaped events in these momentous years.
Arthur J. Marder
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201502
- eISBN:
- 9780191674907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201502.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The first section of this chapter discusses the British grand strategy, the British Service Chiefs' and Churchill's view of the situation, Churchill's desire for an immediate counter-offensive, the ...
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The first section of this chapter discusses the British grand strategy, the British Service Chiefs' and Churchill's view of the situation, Churchill's desire for an immediate counter-offensive, the Service Chiefs' caution and determination to limit losses, and the ‘Arcadia’Conference in Washington. The second section is about the ADBA Command. It describes the naval situation in the East Indies, naval strategy and dispositions, the courage of ships evacuating civilians from Singapore, the defects of inter-Allied co-ordination, and the Royal Navy's patronizing appraisal of the US Navy. The third section examines the Japanese strategy in the East Indies, the economic stakes, the devastating raid on Port Darwin, the Allied forces in the Java Sea, American successes and failures, the sorties of Admiral Doorman against Japanese transports, and the war strategy as viewed from Whitehall.Less
The first section of this chapter discusses the British grand strategy, the British Service Chiefs' and Churchill's view of the situation, Churchill's desire for an immediate counter-offensive, the Service Chiefs' caution and determination to limit losses, and the ‘Arcadia’Conference in Washington. The second section is about the ADBA Command. It describes the naval situation in the East Indies, naval strategy and dispositions, the courage of ships evacuating civilians from Singapore, the defects of inter-Allied co-ordination, and the Royal Navy's patronizing appraisal of the US Navy. The third section examines the Japanese strategy in the East Indies, the economic stakes, the devastating raid on Port Darwin, the Allied forces in the Java Sea, American successes and failures, the sorties of Admiral Doorman against Japanese transports, and the war strategy as viewed from Whitehall.
Donald K. Mitchener
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781949668124
- eISBN:
- 9781949668155
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9781949668124.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
On November 20, 1943, the U.S. military invaded the Tarawa Atoll of the Gilbert Islands as part of the first American offensive in the Central Pacific region during World War II. This invasion marked ...
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On November 20, 1943, the U.S. military invaded the Tarawa Atoll of the Gilbert Islands as part of the first American offensive in the Central Pacific region during World War II. This invasion marked more than one first, as it was also the introductory test of a doctrine developed during the interwar years to address problems inherent in situations in which amphibious assaults required support by naval gunfire rather than land-based artillery. In this detailed study, Donald K. Mitchener documents and analyzes the prewar development of this doctrine as well as its application and evolution between the years 1943-1945. The historical consensus is that the test at Tawara was successful and increased the efficiency with which U.S. forces were able to apply the doctrine in the Pacific theater for the remainder of the Second World War. Mitchener challenges this view, arguing that the reality was much more complex. He reveals that strategic concerns often took precedence over the lessons learned in the initial engagement, and that naval planners' failure to stay up to date with the latest doctrinal developments and applications sometimes led them to ignore these lessons altogether. U.S. Naval Gunfire Support in the Pacific War presents an important analysis that highlights the human cost of misinterpreting strategic and tactical realities.Less
On November 20, 1943, the U.S. military invaded the Tarawa Atoll of the Gilbert Islands as part of the first American offensive in the Central Pacific region during World War II. This invasion marked more than one first, as it was also the introductory test of a doctrine developed during the interwar years to address problems inherent in situations in which amphibious assaults required support by naval gunfire rather than land-based artillery. In this detailed study, Donald K. Mitchener documents and analyzes the prewar development of this doctrine as well as its application and evolution between the years 1943-1945. The historical consensus is that the test at Tawara was successful and increased the efficiency with which U.S. forces were able to apply the doctrine in the Pacific theater for the remainder of the Second World War. Mitchener challenges this view, arguing that the reality was much more complex. He reveals that strategic concerns often took precedence over the lessons learned in the initial engagement, and that naval planners' failure to stay up to date with the latest doctrinal developments and applications sometimes led them to ignore these lessons altogether. U.S. Naval Gunfire Support in the Pacific War presents an important analysis that highlights the human cost of misinterpreting strategic and tactical realities.
Philippe Contamine
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202141
- eISBN:
- 9780191675188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202141.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the war and competition between states and sovereign powers of Europe during the period from the 13th to the 18th ...
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This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the war and competition between states and sovereign powers of Europe during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. This book examines the political and military bonds in the Italian state system during the 13th to the 16th centuries, the types of armies in early modern Spain, and the types of navies from the late 16th to the end of the 18th centuries. It also explores pontifical diplomacy, sanctified patriotism, the growth of state control, and practices of war.Less
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the war and competition between states and sovereign powers of Europe during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. This book examines the political and military bonds in the Italian state system during the 13th to the 16th centuries, the types of armies in early modern Spain, and the types of navies from the late 16th to the end of the 18th centuries. It also explores pontifical diplomacy, sanctified patriotism, the growth of state control, and practices of war.
Jaap R. Bruijn
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202141
- eISBN:
- 9780191675188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202141.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the European naval power from the late 16th to the end of the 18th centuries. The nature of intra-state conflicts and the growing interest in shipping and trade forced ...
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This chapter examines the European naval power from the late 16th to the end of the 18th centuries. The nature of intra-state conflicts and the growing interest in shipping and trade forced governments to pay attention to the availability of adequate naval strength. Navies were initially assembled by private entrepreneurs, but from 1650 onwards, state institutions became increasingly responsible for all aspects connected with the navy. These include ship design, arsenals, training of naval officers, and conscription.Less
This chapter examines the European naval power from the late 16th to the end of the 18th centuries. The nature of intra-state conflicts and the growing interest in shipping and trade forced governments to pay attention to the availability of adequate naval strength. Navies were initially assembled by private entrepreneurs, but from 1650 onwards, state institutions became increasingly responsible for all aspects connected with the navy. These include ship design, arsenals, training of naval officers, and conscription.
John C. Wilkinson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199588268
- eISBN:
- 9780191595400
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588268.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter explains how the tribal rivalry of the Julandâ feud was exploited by the Ibâḍi missionaries to win victory at the battle of Majâza (177/793) and establish the Imamate. It analyses the ...
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This chapter explains how the tribal rivalry of the Julandâ feud was exploited by the Ibâḍi missionaries to win victory at the battle of Majâza (177/793) and establish the Imamate. It analyses the basic balance of power between various potential factions and how and why the first main Imams were selected, along with a brief description of their rule. The chapter ends with Omani overseas expansion, showing how an Omani navy was organized, the piratical menace of the bawârij who had menaced Indian Ocean trade since the collapse of Sasanid power were dealt with, and Sohar became a major entrepôt.Less
This chapter explains how the tribal rivalry of the Julandâ feud was exploited by the Ibâḍi missionaries to win victory at the battle of Majâza (177/793) and establish the Imamate. It analyses the basic balance of power between various potential factions and how and why the first main Imams were selected, along with a brief description of their rule. The chapter ends with Omani overseas expansion, showing how an Omani navy was organized, the piratical menace of the bawârij who had menaced Indian Ocean trade since the collapse of Sasanid power were dealt with, and Sohar became a major entrepôt.
Arthur J. Marder
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201502
- eISBN:
- 9780191674907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201502.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The first section of this chapter describes the pressures on Somerville to take the offensive, the American need for carriers, Allied strategic priorities, the implications for Somerville and ...
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The first section of this chapter describes the pressures on Somerville to take the offensive, the American need for carriers, Allied strategic priorities, the implications for Somerville and ‘Anakim’, American naval thinking on the war against Japan, Admiral King, and Admiral Cunningham. The second section considers fleet action and commerce protection. The third section describes Somerville's reluctance to convoy, operational research conclusions on convoys vs. independent sailing, Axis collaboration, Japanese reluctance to share data with their allies, the limitations of the British, the inhabitability of British submarines in the tropics, and the impossibility of British submarines taking the offensive against the Japanese.Less
The first section of this chapter describes the pressures on Somerville to take the offensive, the American need for carriers, Allied strategic priorities, the implications for Somerville and ‘Anakim’, American naval thinking on the war against Japan, Admiral King, and Admiral Cunningham. The second section considers fleet action and commerce protection. The third section describes Somerville's reluctance to convoy, operational research conclusions on convoys vs. independent sailing, Axis collaboration, Japanese reluctance to share data with their allies, the limitations of the British, the inhabitability of British submarines in the tropics, and the impossibility of British submarines taking the offensive against the Japanese.
Steven Gunn, David Grummitt, and Hans Cools
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199207503
- eISBN:
- 9780191708848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207503.003.002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter analyses the development of military and fiscal institutions in England and the Netherlands. Their armies were composed of different mixtures of noble retinues, militias, garrison and ...
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This chapter analyses the development of military and fiscal institutions in England and the Netherlands. Their armies were composed of different mixtures of noble retinues, militias, garrison and artillery forces, mercenaries, auxiliaries, and standing companies; their navies likewise a blend of converted merchant ships and purpose-built warships. It was England that developed the more permanent navy in this period, the Netherlands the more permanent army. Their arsenals, navies, and logistics showed some signs of increasing bureaucracy. War drove on fiscal expansion and demesne revenues, taxation, coinage debasement, and borrowing were all exploited as rulers sought to construct a tax state. The process involved tense negotiation with their subjects in representative institutions, and rebellions and showed clear limits to the growth of state power.Less
This chapter analyses the development of military and fiscal institutions in England and the Netherlands. Their armies were composed of different mixtures of noble retinues, militias, garrison and artillery forces, mercenaries, auxiliaries, and standing companies; their navies likewise a blend of converted merchant ships and purpose-built warships. It was England that developed the more permanent navy in this period, the Netherlands the more permanent army. Their arsenals, navies, and logistics showed some signs of increasing bureaucracy. War drove on fiscal expansion and demesne revenues, taxation, coinage debasement, and borrowing were all exploited as rulers sought to construct a tax state. The process involved tense negotiation with their subjects in representative institutions, and rebellions and showed clear limits to the growth of state power.
Steven Gunn, David Grummitt, and Hans Cools
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199207503
- eISBN:
- 9780191708848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207503.003.022
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter concludes the book by testing its findings against various models for the process of state formation in early modern Europe. In England and the Netherlands, it seems that war did shape ...
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This chapter concludes the book by testing its findings against various models for the process of state formation in early modern Europe. In England and the Netherlands, it seems that war did shape the state in significant ways not only in the development of taxation, armies, and navies, but also in changing political relationships of many sorts. War was not the sole force for the concentration of power, but interacted with judicial, religious, ideological, and social drivers. Many differences in the impact of war, not only between the two polities but between different parts of each polity, can be attributed to geopolitics. Others highlight the differences in the political institutions each polity had inherited; the differences in the economic and social configuration of the two societies; the different dynastic traditions of the Habsburg and Tudor houses; or the different dynamics of their respective multiple monarchies.Less
This chapter concludes the book by testing its findings against various models for the process of state formation in early modern Europe. In England and the Netherlands, it seems that war did shape the state in significant ways not only in the development of taxation, armies, and navies, but also in changing political relationships of many sorts. War was not the sole force for the concentration of power, but interacted with judicial, religious, ideological, and social drivers. Many differences in the impact of war, not only between the two polities but between different parts of each polity, can be attributed to geopolitics. Others highlight the differences in the political institutions each polity had inherited; the differences in the economic and social configuration of the two societies; the different dynastic traditions of the Habsburg and Tudor houses; or the different dynamics of their respective multiple monarchies.
Matthew S. Seligmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199261505
- eISBN:
- 9780191718618
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261505.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the intelligence information supplied by the service attachés on technical military and naval matters. It demonstrates that a great deal of useful and accurate information was ...
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This chapter examines the intelligence information supplied by the service attachés on technical military and naval matters. It demonstrates that a great deal of useful and accurate information was supplied on topics as diverse as motor vehicles, aircraft, airships, submarines and destroyers. In the process, the authorities in London were alerted to the excellent work on aviation being carried out in Germany by both Count Zeppelin and Anton Fokker; they were also informed about the early attempts to mechanize aspects of the German army's supply chain; and they were given advanced warning about the threat posed by German submarines (U-boats) to naval surface vessels. In addition, the attachés sent back numerous reports about the excellence of German military and naval personnel and about the qualities of the officers and commanders.Less
This chapter examines the intelligence information supplied by the service attachés on technical military and naval matters. It demonstrates that a great deal of useful and accurate information was supplied on topics as diverse as motor vehicles, aircraft, airships, submarines and destroyers. In the process, the authorities in London were alerted to the excellent work on aviation being carried out in Germany by both Count Zeppelin and Anton Fokker; they were also informed about the early attempts to mechanize aspects of the German army's supply chain; and they were given advanced warning about the threat posed by German submarines (U-boats) to naval surface vessels. In addition, the attachés sent back numerous reports about the excellence of German military and naval personnel and about the qualities of the officers and commanders.
Arthur J. Marder
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201502
- eISBN:
- 9780191674907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201502.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The first section of this chapter describes the final phase of the British Pacific Fleet assault on Japan. It discusses the air strikes against an undefended Japan, the difficulties of refuelling at ...
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The first section of this chapter describes the final phase of the British Pacific Fleet assault on Japan. It discusses the air strikes against an undefended Japan, the difficulties of refuelling at sea, Carney's efforts to exclude the British from final operations against the IJN, the private agonies of Rawlings, and the British carriers' performance. The second section describes the Royal Navy submarines against Japan. The last section discusses the events that triggered the Japanese surrender. It examines the Potsdam Declaration, the Hiroshima atomic bomb, the Soviet Declaration of War, Nagasaki, the Emperor's speech, and the last stand of the military.Less
The first section of this chapter describes the final phase of the British Pacific Fleet assault on Japan. It discusses the air strikes against an undefended Japan, the difficulties of refuelling at sea, Carney's efforts to exclude the British from final operations against the IJN, the private agonies of Rawlings, and the British carriers' performance. The second section describes the Royal Navy submarines against Japan. The last section discusses the events that triggered the Japanese surrender. It examines the Potsdam Declaration, the Hiroshima atomic bomb, the Soviet Declaration of War, Nagasaki, the Emperor's speech, and the last stand of the military.
Melissa T. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199842827
- eISBN:
- 9780199933105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842827.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, International Relations and Politics
Chapter 4 provides background material on the Navy’s culture and recruiting history, with some emphasis on the role of race, before presenting an analysis of the recruiting advertisements. Navy ...
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Chapter 4 provides background material on the Navy’s culture and recruiting history, with some emphasis on the role of race, before presenting an analysis of the recruiting advertisements. Navy recruiting appeals have tended to shift back and forth between a focus on career and benefits—first presented in terms of masculine pride in work that is physically and mentally challenging and later shifting to an emphasis on professional careers, personal success, and advanced technology, aligning the Navy with the high-status careers of the information age and its emerging dominant models of masculinity—and a focus on adventure and the traditional benefits of life at sea, like excitement, challenge, and travel. The chapter also gives a brief history of women in the Navy and examines their portrayal in recruiting materials. While recruiting materials have made token references to female sailors, women often represent the pleasures of travel and shore leave.Less
Chapter 4 provides background material on the Navy’s culture and recruiting history, with some emphasis on the role of race, before presenting an analysis of the recruiting advertisements. Navy recruiting appeals have tended to shift back and forth between a focus on career and benefits—first presented in terms of masculine pride in work that is physically and mentally challenging and later shifting to an emphasis on professional careers, personal success, and advanced technology, aligning the Navy with the high-status careers of the information age and its emerging dominant models of masculinity—and a focus on adventure and the traditional benefits of life at sea, like excitement, challenge, and travel. The chapter also gives a brief history of women in the Navy and examines their portrayal in recruiting materials. While recruiting materials have made token references to female sailors, women often represent the pleasures of travel and shore leave.
Andrew R. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496812407
- eISBN:
- 9781496812445
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496812407.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
“Maybe you won't like steel band. It's possible. But it's been said that the Pied Piper had a steel band helping him on his famous visit to Hamelin.” When the US Navy distributed this press release, ...
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“Maybe you won't like steel band. It's possible. But it's been said that the Pied Piper had a steel band helping him on his famous visit to Hamelin.” When the US Navy distributed this press release, anxieties and tensions of the impending Cold War felt palpable. As President Eisenhower cast his gaze toward Russia, the American people cast their ears to the Atlantic South, infatuated with the international currents of Caribbean music. Today, steel bands have become a global phenomenon; yet, in 1957 the exotic sound and the unique image of the US Navy Steel Band was one-of-a-kind. From 1957 until their disbandment in 1999, the US Navy Steel Band performed over 20,000 concerts worldwide. In 1973, the band officially moved headquarters from Puerto Rico to New Orleans and found the city and annual Mardi Gras tradition an apt musical and cultural fit. The band brought a significant piece of Caribbean artistic capital—calypso and steelband music—to the American mainstream. Its impact on the growth and development of steelpan music in America is enormous. This book uncovers the lost history of the US Navy Steel Band and provides an in-depth study of its role in the development of the US military's public relations, its promotion of goodwill, its recruitment efforts after the Korean and Vietnam wars, its musical and technological innovations, and its percussive propulsion of the American fascination with Latin and Caribbean music over the past century.Less
“Maybe you won't like steel band. It's possible. But it's been said that the Pied Piper had a steel band helping him on his famous visit to Hamelin.” When the US Navy distributed this press release, anxieties and tensions of the impending Cold War felt palpable. As President Eisenhower cast his gaze toward Russia, the American people cast their ears to the Atlantic South, infatuated with the international currents of Caribbean music. Today, steel bands have become a global phenomenon; yet, in 1957 the exotic sound and the unique image of the US Navy Steel Band was one-of-a-kind. From 1957 until their disbandment in 1999, the US Navy Steel Band performed over 20,000 concerts worldwide. In 1973, the band officially moved headquarters from Puerto Rico to New Orleans and found the city and annual Mardi Gras tradition an apt musical and cultural fit. The band brought a significant piece of Caribbean artistic capital—calypso and steelband music—to the American mainstream. Its impact on the growth and development of steelpan music in America is enormous. This book uncovers the lost history of the US Navy Steel Band and provides an in-depth study of its role in the development of the US military's public relations, its promotion of goodwill, its recruitment efforts after the Korean and Vietnam wars, its musical and technological innovations, and its percussive propulsion of the American fascination with Latin and Caribbean music over the past century.
GREGORY O’MALLEY
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253791
- eISBN:
- 9780191719820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253791.003.09
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter looks at the careers of former brethren of the order after its dissolution in the territories of the English crown in 1540. Most brethren can be shown to have returned to England and ...
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This chapter looks at the careers of former brethren of the order after its dissolution in the territories of the English crown in 1540. Most brethren can be shown to have returned to England and collected a pension from the crown, while only three definitely remained in Malta. Of the brethren who returned to England, some entered into careers in government service, most notably as captains in the Royal Navy, while those who remained in Malta all held offices of importance. The reasons for the restoration of the order in England, Wales and Ireland under Philip and Mary are analysed, and the features of the restored Hospital outlined.Less
This chapter looks at the careers of former brethren of the order after its dissolution in the territories of the English crown in 1540. Most brethren can be shown to have returned to England and collected a pension from the crown, while only three definitely remained in Malta. Of the brethren who returned to England, some entered into careers in government service, most notably as captains in the Royal Navy, while those who remained in Malta all held offices of importance. The reasons for the restoration of the order in England, Wales and Ireland under Philip and Mary are analysed, and the features of the restored Hospital outlined.
David Morgan-Owen and Louis Halewood (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781789621594
- eISBN:
- 9781800341166
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789621594.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Economic Warfare and the Sea examines the relationship between trade, maritime warfare, and strategic thought between the early modern period and the late-twentieth century. Featuring contributions ...
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Economic Warfare and the Sea examines the relationship between trade, maritime warfare, and strategic thought between the early modern period and the late-twentieth century. Featuring contributions from renown historians and rising scholars, this volume forwards an international perspective upon the intersection of maritime history, strategy, and diplomacy. Core themes include the role of ‘economic warfare’ in maritime strategic thought, prevalence of economic competition below the threshold of open conflict, and the role non-state actors have played in the prosecution of economic warfare.
Using unique material from 18 different archives across six countries, this volume explores critical moments in the development of economic warfare, naval technology, and international law, including the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the First World War, and the Second World War. Distinct chapters also analyse the role of economic warfare in theories of maritime strategy, and what the future holds for the changing role of navies in the floating global economy of the twenty-first century.Less
Economic Warfare and the Sea examines the relationship between trade, maritime warfare, and strategic thought between the early modern period and the late-twentieth century. Featuring contributions from renown historians and rising scholars, this volume forwards an international perspective upon the intersection of maritime history, strategy, and diplomacy. Core themes include the role of ‘economic warfare’ in maritime strategic thought, prevalence of economic competition below the threshold of open conflict, and the role non-state actors have played in the prosecution of economic warfare.
Using unique material from 18 different archives across six countries, this volume explores critical moments in the development of economic warfare, naval technology, and international law, including the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the First World War, and the Second World War. Distinct chapters also analyse the role of economic warfare in theories of maritime strategy, and what the future holds for the changing role of navies in the floating global economy of the twenty-first century.
