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This chapter defines national-level planning and explains the reasons why it should be studied. It then presents some background geographic and demographic data on the sample countries, and ranks the countries by the degree of institutionalisation of national-level spatial planning. The chapter also examines the major trends in national-level planning. These trends are classified into five groups: (1) trends related to national political and administrative contexts; (2) trends in national comprehensive planning; (3) trends in national sectoral planning; (4) emerging styles of planning and implementation; and (5) shared problems and dilemmas.

This chapter examines national-level planning in Israel. It begins with an introduction to Israel's geographic and demographic statistics and its national urban and regional policies, and then moves to the constitutional and institutional setting for policy-making by the local and the central government. The chapter also identifies the agencies that are involved in comprehensive planning and national-level sectoral planning, which is followed by a detailed presentation of Israel's land-use planning system and national statutory plans. Finally, it discusses the future of national-level planning in Israel as it undergoes the general trends of centralisation, decentralisation, and privatisation.

This chapter discusses national-level planning in Denmark. It first outlines the key elements of the Danish planning system, and then discusses national planning policies and sectoral planning. The chapter also describes infrastructure innovations in Denmark, among which are the Ørestad, the Triangular City, and the industrial nodes.

This chapter discusses national-level planning in France. It begins with an analysis of the rise of the regional paradigm in French planning, and then reviews the Guidance Act on Spatial Planning and Development 1995, which covers strategic planning schemes, sectoral planning schemes, new instruments of physical planning, and implementation instruments. The chapter also discusses central planning institutions and policy-making.

This chapter focuses on national-level economic and spatial planning in Japan, first outlining the structure of national government agencies. It also explores the framework of Japan's planning system by examining national economic planning of the Economic Planning Agency and the national development plans and land-use plans of the National Land Agency. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of the local government in the process of implementing plans.

This chapter focuses on the national-level planning institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany. It first describes the administration and the implementation of federal laws, and then examines the supra-local spatial planning and sector planning at the federal level. The chapter also describes the federal input in the main policy areas that influence spatial planning: regional economic development; building, housing, and urban development; transport; environmental protection, waste management, and pollution control; natural resources; leisure and tourism; and heritage conservation.