Paul Pierson
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297567
- eISBN:
- 9780191600104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297564.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Starts by discussing the new era of austerity in the contemporary welfare state, the reasons for it, and the political problems that it creates. Describes the project that gave rise to the book as ...
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Starts by discussing the new era of austerity in the contemporary welfare state, the reasons for it, and the political problems that it creates. Describes the project that gave rise to the book as bringing together leading researchers from Europe and North America, who seek to increase knowledge about the politics of the contemporary welfare state. The focus is on four overlapping themes, which are covered in the four main parts of the book: (1) the sources and scope of pressures on national welfare states; (2) the role of economic interests, and of systems for representing those interests, in the politics of reform; (3) the implications of electoral politics and the design of political institutions for welfare state adjustment; and (4) the distinctive policy dynamics of particular areas of social provision. These themes are intimately linked, and the linkages between them are made explicit both within and across the chapters of the book. This introduction outlines the four themes and introduces the contributions of the chapters to follow.Less
Starts by discussing the new era of austerity in the contemporary welfare state, the reasons for it, and the political problems that it creates. Describes the project that gave rise to the book as bringing together leading researchers from Europe and North America, who seek to increase knowledge about the politics of the contemporary welfare state. The focus is on four overlapping themes, which are covered in the four main parts of the book: (1) the sources and scope of pressures on national welfare states; (2) the role of economic interests, and of systems for representing those interests, in the politics of reform; (3) the implications of electoral politics and the design of political institutions for welfare state adjustment; and (4) the distinctive policy dynamics of particular areas of social provision. These themes are intimately linked, and the linkages between them are made explicit both within and across the chapters of the book. This introduction outlines the four themes and introduces the contributions of the chapters to follow.
Chris Noonan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199207527
- eISBN:
- 9780191708817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207527.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Competition Law
This chapter examines the links between competition law, competitiveness, and trade policy. Section 4.1 assesses the meaning of the claim that harmonization may be justified to promote ‘fair trade’. ...
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This chapter examines the links between competition law, competitiveness, and trade policy. Section 4.1 assesses the meaning of the claim that harmonization may be justified to promote ‘fair trade’. Section 4.2 examines the case for harmonization purely on the grounds of loss of competitiveness. Sections 4.3 to 4.5 use the economic analysis of regulatory competition to identify the type of situations where harmonization could in theory improve global and national welfare.Less
This chapter examines the links between competition law, competitiveness, and trade policy. Section 4.1 assesses the meaning of the claim that harmonization may be justified to promote ‘fair trade’. Section 4.2 examines the case for harmonization purely on the grounds of loss of competitiveness. Sections 4.3 to 4.5 use the economic analysis of regulatory competition to identify the type of situations where harmonization could in theory improve global and national welfare.
Bernard M. Hoekman and Michel M. Kostecki
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294313
- eISBN:
- 9780191596445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829431X.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
An analysis is made of the role of the WTO (World Trade Organization) as a forum for negotiations. Special attention is given to the concept of reciprocity, since this is a central element of ...
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An analysis is made of the role of the WTO (World Trade Organization) as a forum for negotiations. Special attention is given to the concept of reciprocity, since this is a central element of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs). The chapter centres on the problems that confront negotiators seeking to obtain agreements, the techniques that are used, and the reasons MTNs tend to have outcomes that do not maximize national welfare. The sections of the chapter are as follows: Overview of negotiating rounds [held since 1948, when GATT was founded]; Multilateral trade liberalization; Interest groups and lobbying activity; Reciprocity and the mechanics of negotiations; and A typology of key aspects of trade negotiations.Less
An analysis is made of the role of the WTO (World Trade Organization) as a forum for negotiations. Special attention is given to the concept of reciprocity, since this is a central element of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs). The chapter centres on the problems that confront negotiators seeking to obtain agreements, the techniques that are used, and the reasons MTNs tend to have outcomes that do not maximize national welfare. The sections of the chapter are as follows: Overview of negotiating rounds [held since 1948, when GATT was founded]; Multilateral trade liberalization; Interest groups and lobbying activity; Reciprocity and the mechanics of negotiations; and A typology of key aspects of trade negotiations.
Dorte Sindbjerg Martinsen
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199287413
- eISBN:
- 9780191700446
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287413.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This chapter examines the integration of national social-security schemes that has taken place in the European Union through Community Regulation 1408/71. It seeks to demonstrate that a dimension of ...
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This chapter examines the integration of national social-security schemes that has taken place in the European Union through Community Regulation 1408/71. It seeks to demonstrate that a dimension of European social security has for long been a material fact, patched up by judicial activism and political compromises. The chapter is divided into five main parts. First, it introduces the European dimension of welfare as established through social-security coordination. Second, the chapter describes the europeanization process of migration control and access to national welfare. The third part asks to whom intra-European social security applies. The fourth part of the chapter analyses in greater detail the extent to which welfare has been de-territorialized in the EU. The last part provides some concluding remarks on the evolution of the European dimension of social security, and the relation between law and politics in the course of welfare integration.Less
This chapter examines the integration of national social-security schemes that has taken place in the European Union through Community Regulation 1408/71. It seeks to demonstrate that a dimension of European social security has for long been a material fact, patched up by judicial activism and political compromises. The chapter is divided into five main parts. First, it introduces the European dimension of welfare as established through social-security coordination. Second, the chapter describes the europeanization process of migration control and access to national welfare. The third part asks to whom intra-European social security applies. The fourth part of the chapter analyses in greater detail the extent to which welfare has been de-territorialized in the EU. The last part provides some concluding remarks on the evolution of the European dimension of social security, and the relation between law and politics in the course of welfare integration.
Jonathan Zeitlin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199287413
- eISBN:
- 9780191700446
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287413.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This chapter examines the emergence and the constitutional future of the new coordination processes – and in particular the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) – which have been tried out in recent ...
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This chapter examines the emergence and the constitutional future of the new coordination processes – and in particular the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) – which have been tried out in recent years within the EU in various fields of social and employment policy, amongst others. It describes a shift away on the part both of individual states and of the EU as a whole from the aspiration towards a single ‘Social Europe’ model to counterbalance the single European market, in favour of an approach that embraces but links the diverse national welfare systems within the European Social Model through coordination of policy and mutual learning. As for the most familiar and probably the most persuasive critique, i.e. that the OMC is largely a paper exercise which lacks real impact or effectiveness on social welfare, the discussion points to the methodological difficulties of demonstrating impact in this context.Less
This chapter examines the emergence and the constitutional future of the new coordination processes – and in particular the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) – which have been tried out in recent years within the EU in various fields of social and employment policy, amongst others. It describes a shift away on the part both of individual states and of the EU as a whole from the aspiration towards a single ‘Social Europe’ model to counterbalance the single European market, in favour of an approach that embraces but links the diverse national welfare systems within the European Social Model through coordination of policy and mutual learning. As for the most familiar and probably the most persuasive critique, i.e. that the OMC is largely a paper exercise which lacks real impact or effectiveness on social welfare, the discussion points to the methodological difficulties of demonstrating impact in this context.
Joyce M. Bell
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231162609
- eISBN:
- 9780231538015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231162609.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter discusses how not all black social worker activists decided to work within organizations. The social workers who chose to participate with organizations eventually created an autonomous ...
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This chapter discusses how not all black social worker activists decided to work within organizations. The social workers who chose to participate with organizations eventually created an autonomous institution, the National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW). The chapter presents the historical context of NABSW's emergence, examining their grievances, demands, strategies and tactics, and outcomes of the mobilization. Through an analysis of the content of their movement activities and the culture of the organization, the chapter argues that NABSW's struggle, while starting as a demand for more substantial voice within the profession, ultimately employed an exit strategy, which led to their separation from the National Conference on Social Welfare (NCSW) to pursue their goals independent of the restrictions of the larger professional organization.Less
This chapter discusses how not all black social worker activists decided to work within organizations. The social workers who chose to participate with organizations eventually created an autonomous institution, the National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW). The chapter presents the historical context of NABSW's emergence, examining their grievances, demands, strategies and tactics, and outcomes of the mobilization. Through an analysis of the content of their movement activities and the culture of the organization, the chapter argues that NABSW's struggle, while starting as a demand for more substantial voice within the profession, ultimately employed an exit strategy, which led to their separation from the National Conference on Social Welfare (NCSW) to pursue their goals independent of the restrictions of the larger professional organization.
the late Alice H. Amsden, Alisa DiCaprio, and James A. Robinson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199659036
- eISBN:
- 9780191749032
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659036.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Elites have a disproportionate impact on development outcomes. While a country's endowments constitute the deep determinates of growth, the trajectory they follow is shaped by the actions of elites. ...
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Elites have a disproportionate impact on development outcomes. While a country's endowments constitute the deep determinates of growth, the trajectory they follow is shaped by the actions of elites. But what factors affect whether elites use their influence for individual gain or national welfare? To what extent do they see poverty as a problem? And are their actions today constrained by institutions and norms established in the past? This volume looks at case studies from South Africa to China to seek a better understanding of the dynamics behind how elites decide to engage with economic development. Approaches include economic modelling, social surveys, theoretical analysis, and programme evaluation. These different methods explore the relationship between elites and development outcomes from five angles: the participation and reaction of elites to institutional creation and change, how economic changes affect elite formation and circulation, elite perceptions of national welfare, the extent to which state capacity is part of elite self-identity, and how elites interact with non-elites.Less
Elites have a disproportionate impact on development outcomes. While a country's endowments constitute the deep determinates of growth, the trajectory they follow is shaped by the actions of elites. But what factors affect whether elites use their influence for individual gain or national welfare? To what extent do they see poverty as a problem? And are their actions today constrained by institutions and norms established in the past? This volume looks at case studies from South Africa to China to seek a better understanding of the dynamics behind how elites decide to engage with economic development. Approaches include economic modelling, social surveys, theoretical analysis, and programme evaluation. These different methods explore the relationship between elites and development outcomes from five angles: the participation and reaction of elites to institutional creation and change, how economic changes affect elite formation and circulation, elite perceptions of national welfare, the extent to which state capacity is part of elite self-identity, and how elites interact with non-elites.
Geoffrey A. Jehle
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680405
- eISBN:
- 9780191760266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680405.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Geoff Jehle examines the primary instruments of national trade policy, often termed commercial policy, including quantitative restrictions (e.g., quotas), tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and export ...
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Geoff Jehle examines the primary instruments of national trade policy, often termed commercial policy, including quantitative restrictions (e.g., quotas), tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and export taxes. He focuses on the implications of the various policy instruments for aggregate national social welfare; the distribution of rents among various groups, notably, producers, consumers, and the government; and the relative value of using trade policy instruments versus other means of government intervention to achieve various policy objectives. Jehle demonstrates the distortions that various types of protectionist barriers create in the domestic economy. He highlights the fact that the typical cascading tariff schedule found in many countries implies very high rates of effective protection for producers of finished goods.Less
Geoff Jehle examines the primary instruments of national trade policy, often termed commercial policy, including quantitative restrictions (e.g., quotas), tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and export taxes. He focuses on the implications of the various policy instruments for aggregate national social welfare; the distribution of rents among various groups, notably, producers, consumers, and the government; and the relative value of using trade policy instruments versus other means of government intervention to achieve various policy objectives. Jehle demonstrates the distortions that various types of protectionist barriers create in the domestic economy. He highlights the fact that the typical cascading tariff schedule found in many countries implies very high rates of effective protection for producers of finished goods.
Hilary Land
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424716
- eISBN:
- 9781447303435
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424716.003.0013
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter discusses the view that the UK shifted from a ‘Keynesian national welfare state’ to a Schumpeterian competitive state. It shows how the major risks of unemployment, sickness and old age ...
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This chapter discusses the view that the UK shifted from a ‘Keynesian national welfare state’ to a Schumpeterian competitive state. It shows how the major risks of unemployment, sickness and old age that were collectivised in the post-war period were ‘privatised’. It then considers the ways in which changes to benefit arrangements have forced young people and lone mothers to be increasingly dependent on their parents and absent fathers, respectively. It also considers how the privatisation agenda affected personal social services.Less
This chapter discusses the view that the UK shifted from a ‘Keynesian national welfare state’ to a Schumpeterian competitive state. It shows how the major risks of unemployment, sickness and old age that were collectivised in the post-war period were ‘privatised’. It then considers the ways in which changes to benefit arrangements have forced young people and lone mothers to be increasingly dependent on their parents and absent fathers, respectively. It also considers how the privatisation agenda affected personal social services.
Joyce Bell
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231162609
- eISBN:
- 9780231538015
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231162609.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
The Black Power movement has often been portrayed in history and popular culture as the quintessential “bad boy” of modern black movement-making in America. Yet this impression misses the full extent ...
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The Black Power movement has often been portrayed in history and popular culture as the quintessential “bad boy” of modern black movement-making in America. Yet this impression misses the full extent of Black Power's contributions to U.S. society, especially in regard to black professionals in social work. Relying on extensive archival research and oral history interviews, this book follows two groups of black social workers in the 1960s and 1970s as they mobilized Black Power ideas, strategies, and tactics to change their national professional associations. Comparing black dissenters within the National Federation of Settlements (NFS), who fought for concessions from within their organization, and those within the National Conference on Social Welfare (NCSW), who ultimately adopted a separatist strategy, it shows how the Black Power influence was central to the creation and rise of black professional associations. It also provides a nuanced approach to studying race-based movements and offers a framework for understanding the role of social movements in shaping the non-state organizations of civil society.Less
The Black Power movement has often been portrayed in history and popular culture as the quintessential “bad boy” of modern black movement-making in America. Yet this impression misses the full extent of Black Power's contributions to U.S. society, especially in regard to black professionals in social work. Relying on extensive archival research and oral history interviews, this book follows two groups of black social workers in the 1960s and 1970s as they mobilized Black Power ideas, strategies, and tactics to change their national professional associations. Comparing black dissenters within the National Federation of Settlements (NFS), who fought for concessions from within their organization, and those within the National Conference on Social Welfare (NCSW), who ultimately adopted a separatist strategy, it shows how the Black Power influence was central to the creation and rise of black professional associations. It also provides a nuanced approach to studying race-based movements and offers a framework for understanding the role of social movements in shaping the non-state organizations of civil society.
Joyce M. Bell
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231162609
- eISBN:
- 9780231538015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231162609.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This introductory chapter examines the historical documents of two black social movements, National Conference on Social Welfare (NCSW) and National Federation of Settlements (NFS). The differences ...
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This introductory chapter examines the historical documents of two black social movements, National Conference on Social Welfare (NCSW) and National Federation of Settlements (NFS). The differences in the organizational cultures of NFS and NCSW, the strategic decisions made by their leaders, and the network of relationships between black social workers across the two organizations explain the several factors that either promote or restrict the incorporation of movement ideas into organizations. The chapter also presents the book's overarching goals. First, it argues that the inclusion of movements into organizations is already a very movement-like process. Second, it claims that Black Power was the primary motivation and political lens for the creation of new racial organizational practice in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Finally, it asserts that the development of black associational life is an essential outcome of the Black Power movement that has had broad implications in the professions.Less
This introductory chapter examines the historical documents of two black social movements, National Conference on Social Welfare (NCSW) and National Federation of Settlements (NFS). The differences in the organizational cultures of NFS and NCSW, the strategic decisions made by their leaders, and the network of relationships between black social workers across the two organizations explain the several factors that either promote or restrict the incorporation of movement ideas into organizations. The chapter also presents the book's overarching goals. First, it argues that the inclusion of movements into organizations is already a very movement-like process. Second, it claims that Black Power was the primary motivation and political lens for the creation of new racial organizational practice in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Finally, it asserts that the development of black associational life is an essential outcome of the Black Power movement that has had broad implications in the professions.
Kathleen Holscher
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199781737
- eISBN:
- 9780199979653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199781737.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines religious garb (religious clothing) within public classrooms, as it became a controversial issue among the nation’s public and its judicial system in the context of ...
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This chapter examines religious garb (religious clothing) within public classrooms, as it became a controversial issue among the nation’s public and its judicial system in the context of sister-taught schooling litigation. The chapter also explores the difficulties that attorneys like George Reed at the National Catholic Welfare Conference (NCWC) faced as they tried to defend the right of sisters to teach publicly in their Catholic habits. While POAU was adamant about preserving the distinctive relationship between the Protestant tradition and the First Amendment, Catholic legal experts—most famously John Courtney Murray—struggled to find a theologically sound basis for asserting a similar relationship on the part of the Catholic Church. The failure of the NCWC to do so on behalf of sisters left its attorneys little choice but to advise those women to remove their habits or retreat from public employment altogether. In its policy of avoiding litigation at all costs, the NCWC found itself guiding Catholic dioceses and religious orders into compliance with a de facto model of church–state separation stronger, and more akin to secularism, even than many American courts demanded.Less
This chapter examines religious garb (religious clothing) within public classrooms, as it became a controversial issue among the nation’s public and its judicial system in the context of sister-taught schooling litigation. The chapter also explores the difficulties that attorneys like George Reed at the National Catholic Welfare Conference (NCWC) faced as they tried to defend the right of sisters to teach publicly in their Catholic habits. While POAU was adamant about preserving the distinctive relationship between the Protestant tradition and the First Amendment, Catholic legal experts—most famously John Courtney Murray—struggled to find a theologically sound basis for asserting a similar relationship on the part of the Catholic Church. The failure of the NCWC to do so on behalf of sisters left its attorneys little choice but to advise those women to remove their habits or retreat from public employment altogether. In its policy of avoiding litigation at all costs, the NCWC found itself guiding Catholic dioceses and religious orders into compliance with a de facto model of church–state separation stronger, and more akin to secularism, even than many American courts demanded.
David Brydan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198834595
- eISBN:
- 9780191872686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198834595.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Political History
International Catholic organizations and networks provided a welcoming environment for Spanish intellectuals and experts, and a crucial conduit for Franco’s Spain to engage with the outside world in ...
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International Catholic organizations and networks provided a welcoming environment for Spanish intellectuals and experts, and a crucial conduit for Franco’s Spain to engage with the outside world in the aftermath of the Second World War. Health and humanitarian organizations played an important part in Spain’s post-war engagement with international Catholicism, particularly the nursing group Salus Informorum and the Catholic charity Caritas. Spanish women enjoyed a prominent role within these international activities, despite the political and professional marginalization of women in Franco’s Spain. But there were important limits to Spain’s involvement in post-war Catholic internationalism. During the immediate post-war period, therefore, Catholic internationalism represented one of the primary ways in which Franco’s Spain engaged with the outside world, at the same time as the country remained semi-detached from the global Catholic mainstream.Less
International Catholic organizations and networks provided a welcoming environment for Spanish intellectuals and experts, and a crucial conduit for Franco’s Spain to engage with the outside world in the aftermath of the Second World War. Health and humanitarian organizations played an important part in Spain’s post-war engagement with international Catholicism, particularly the nursing group Salus Informorum and the Catholic charity Caritas. Spanish women enjoyed a prominent role within these international activities, despite the political and professional marginalization of women in Franco’s Spain. But there were important limits to Spain’s involvement in post-war Catholic internationalism. During the immediate post-war period, therefore, Catholic internationalism represented one of the primary ways in which Franco’s Spain engaged with the outside world, at the same time as the country remained semi-detached from the global Catholic mainstream.
Danielle Battisti
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780823284399
- eISBN:
- 9780823286348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823284399.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
At the same time that Italian Americans began to promote increasing Italian immigration to the country, Americans largely reaffirmed a policy of limited and restricted immigration with the passage of ...
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At the same time that Italian Americans began to promote increasing Italian immigration to the country, Americans largely reaffirmed a policy of limited and restricted immigration with the passage of the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act. In order to more effectively organize against immigration policies that continued to be based on National Origins System quotas, and to meet the needs of Italian Americans who wanted to expand access to immigration opportunities for Italians, Italian Americans formed the American Committee for Italian Migration (ACIM). ACIM became the leading organization that helped to bring together a number of Italian American individuals and groups who were concerned about immigration reform in the postwar period. This chapter therefore explores the Italian American immigration reform lobby’s origins, scope, and ideological foundations.Less
At the same time that Italian Americans began to promote increasing Italian immigration to the country, Americans largely reaffirmed a policy of limited and restricted immigration with the passage of the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act. In order to more effectively organize against immigration policies that continued to be based on National Origins System quotas, and to meet the needs of Italian Americans who wanted to expand access to immigration opportunities for Italians, Italian Americans formed the American Committee for Italian Migration (ACIM). ACIM became the leading organization that helped to bring together a number of Italian American individuals and groups who were concerned about immigration reform in the postwar period. This chapter therefore explores the Italian American immigration reform lobby’s origins, scope, and ideological foundations.
Charlotte Brooks
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226193564
- eISBN:
- 9780226193731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226193731.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Chapter Five discusses the 1956 Justice Department crackdown on immigration fraud and its aftermath in Chinese American New York and San Francisco. In New York, the investigations paralyzed the ...
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Chapter Five discusses the 1956 Justice Department crackdown on immigration fraud and its aftermath in Chinese American New York and San Francisco. In New York, the investigations paralyzed the community and strengthened the very KMT leaders who proved unable to stop it. In San Francisco, Chinese American liberal Democrats used their connections to local politicians to fight the investigation and at the same time demonstrate to their peers the value of political participation. In 1958, they played a significant local role in the election that made Edmund G. “Pat” Brown governor and brought a host of other Democrats into state office. Some even began to envision pan-Asian American political solidarity as a route to greater influence in San Francisco.Less
Chapter Five discusses the 1956 Justice Department crackdown on immigration fraud and its aftermath in Chinese American New York and San Francisco. In New York, the investigations paralyzed the community and strengthened the very KMT leaders who proved unable to stop it. In San Francisco, Chinese American liberal Democrats used their connections to local politicians to fight the investigation and at the same time demonstrate to their peers the value of political participation. In 1958, they played a significant local role in the election that made Edmund G. “Pat” Brown governor and brought a host of other Democrats into state office. Some even began to envision pan-Asian American political solidarity as a route to greater influence in San Francisco.
Alex Preda
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226679310
- eISBN:
- 9780226679334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226679334.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
A device like the ticker, together with the associated interpretations, reinforced and put into practice the requirements formulated by investment manuals. The investor was represented as a kind of ...
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A device like the ticker, together with the associated interpretations, reinforced and put into practice the requirements formulated by investment manuals. The investor was represented as a kind of scientist. But how could this scientist integrate into the grand picture of national economies? This required ethical and political re-conceptualizations of finance. This chapter deals with the justification of financial markets as “functional.” The investor-cum-scientists could not be anything but a responsible family member and a good citizen, who contributes to the national welfare by their activities. Accordingly, political economists began legitimizing investment activities as fulfilling economic functions, a discourse which simply contrasted with the eighteenth-century view of investments as bad passions. Political utopias envisaged a better society based on financial investments. Finally, the chapter explores the functionalist justification of stock exchanges, as well as their transformation into national symbols, inextricably connected with state power.Less
A device like the ticker, together with the associated interpretations, reinforced and put into practice the requirements formulated by investment manuals. The investor was represented as a kind of scientist. But how could this scientist integrate into the grand picture of national economies? This required ethical and political re-conceptualizations of finance. This chapter deals with the justification of financial markets as “functional.” The investor-cum-scientists could not be anything but a responsible family member and a good citizen, who contributes to the national welfare by their activities. Accordingly, political economists began legitimizing investment activities as fulfilling economic functions, a discourse which simply contrasted with the eighteenth-century view of investments as bad passions. Political utopias envisaged a better society based on financial investments. Finally, the chapter explores the functionalist justification of stock exchanges, as well as their transformation into national symbols, inextricably connected with state power.
Nicholas K. Rademacher
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780823276769
- eISBN:
- 9780823277292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823276769.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Paul Hanly Furfey chose to pursue Social Work in his doctoral studies as a way to best witness to the Christian tradition. As a graduate student, Furfey served in a parish near the university and ...
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Paul Hanly Furfey chose to pursue Social Work in his doctoral studies as a way to best witness to the Christian tradition. As a graduate student, Furfey served in a parish near the university and worked for John O’Grady at Catholic Charities. At Catholic Charities, Furfey became involved in a broader debate over the extent to which Catholic youth should mix with Protestant or secular communities for recreation. Furfey disagreed with Boy Scout leaders who urged Catholics to mix indiscriminately with other children at their camps. Furfey agreed that should Catholics attend BSA camps but only under Catholic auspices. Furfey also disagreed with his Catholic counterpart, Kilian Hennrich of the Catholic Boys Brigade. Hennrich insisted that Catholic boy scouts remain completely separate from non-Catholic institutions where the children might be pulled away from the Catholic Church by Protestant proselytizers or secular indifference. Furfey argued that a compromise was possible in maintaining a Catholic ethos among Catholic boys within a broader secular camping experience. Furfey’s dissertation, later published as a book, The Gang Age, engaged the latest research in the burgeoning field of boyology. His work at the parish and Catholic Charities provided him direct contact with the field.Less
Paul Hanly Furfey chose to pursue Social Work in his doctoral studies as a way to best witness to the Christian tradition. As a graduate student, Furfey served in a parish near the university and worked for John O’Grady at Catholic Charities. At Catholic Charities, Furfey became involved in a broader debate over the extent to which Catholic youth should mix with Protestant or secular communities for recreation. Furfey disagreed with Boy Scout leaders who urged Catholics to mix indiscriminately with other children at their camps. Furfey agreed that should Catholics attend BSA camps but only under Catholic auspices. Furfey also disagreed with his Catholic counterpart, Kilian Hennrich of the Catholic Boys Brigade. Hennrich insisted that Catholic boy scouts remain completely separate from non-Catholic institutions where the children might be pulled away from the Catholic Church by Protestant proselytizers or secular indifference. Furfey argued that a compromise was possible in maintaining a Catholic ethos among Catholic boys within a broader secular camping experience. Furfey’s dissertation, later published as a book, The Gang Age, engaged the latest research in the burgeoning field of boyology. His work at the parish and Catholic Charities provided him direct contact with the field.
Nicholas K. Rademacher
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780823276769
- eISBN:
- 9780823277292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823276769.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Paul Hanly Furfey was profoundly influenced by the famous Catholic priest psychologist Thomas Verner Moore who taught him how to balance rigorous scientific study with theological and spiritual ...
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Paul Hanly Furfey was profoundly influenced by the famous Catholic priest psychologist Thomas Verner Moore who taught him how to balance rigorous scientific study with theological and spiritual analysis. Moore also modelled a civically engaged scholarship by opening clinics in the area surrounding the university. Furfey’s training in the seminary was uninspiring while his graduate studies at CUA were stimulating. His professors at CUA and the Sulpicians at St. Mary’s Seminary introduced Furfey to exciting developments in the Catholic Church in the United States, namely the formation of the National Catholic Welfare Council. While Furfey was drawn to the simplicity of the Jesuit lifestyle, he chose to be ordained a priest in the Archdiocese of Baltimore in 1922.Less
Paul Hanly Furfey was profoundly influenced by the famous Catholic priest psychologist Thomas Verner Moore who taught him how to balance rigorous scientific study with theological and spiritual analysis. Moore also modelled a civically engaged scholarship by opening clinics in the area surrounding the university. Furfey’s training in the seminary was uninspiring while his graduate studies at CUA were stimulating. His professors at CUA and the Sulpicians at St. Mary’s Seminary introduced Furfey to exciting developments in the Catholic Church in the United States, namely the formation of the National Catholic Welfare Council. While Furfey was drawn to the simplicity of the Jesuit lifestyle, he chose to be ordained a priest in the Archdiocese of Baltimore in 1922.
Robert N. Gross
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190644574
- eISBN:
- 9780190644604
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190644574.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Chapter 6 describes how federal courts, by sanctioning public regulation, saved private education from outright abolition. In 1922 voters in Oregon approved an initiative, aimed at Catholics, that ...
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Chapter 6 describes how federal courts, by sanctioning public regulation, saved private education from outright abolition. In 1922 voters in Oregon approved an initiative, aimed at Catholics, that criminalized attendance in private schools. The National Catholic Welfare Conference challenged the law’s constitutionality and, in Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925), the Supreme Court struck it down. Throughout the legal proceedings, Catholic lawyers, led by William D. Guthrie, argued that abolishing private schools was unnecessary because states routinely exercised broad powers of regulation. The Court agreed, asserting that because Oregon possessed significant authority to supervise and manage private schools, states could not legally strip them of their property through abolition. While the case later became a pillar for the constitutional right to privacy, the ruling represented a strong assertion of public authority. Public regulation aided rather than hindered the development of private schooling in the United States.Less
Chapter 6 describes how federal courts, by sanctioning public regulation, saved private education from outright abolition. In 1922 voters in Oregon approved an initiative, aimed at Catholics, that criminalized attendance in private schools. The National Catholic Welfare Conference challenged the law’s constitutionality and, in Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925), the Supreme Court struck it down. Throughout the legal proceedings, Catholic lawyers, led by William D. Guthrie, argued that abolishing private schools was unnecessary because states routinely exercised broad powers of regulation. The Court agreed, asserting that because Oregon possessed significant authority to supervise and manage private schools, states could not legally strip them of their property through abolition. While the case later became a pillar for the constitutional right to privacy, the ruling represented a strong assertion of public authority. Public regulation aided rather than hindered the development of private schooling in the United States.
Jeff Wilson, Tomoe Moriya, and Richard M. Jaffe (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520269170
- eISBN:
- 9780520965355
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520269170.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter contains D. T. Suzuki's essay, published in the journal The Open Court in 1899, in which he discusses Confucius's character and history. In his essay, Suzuki addresses the confusion of ...
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This chapter contains D. T. Suzuki's essay, published in the journal The Open Court in 1899, in which he discusses Confucius's character and history. In his essay, Suzuki addresses the confusion of the terms Shangdi for “God” and Tian for “Heaven” by “some Christian Orientalists” and his comparative approach to describing the influence of Mahayana Buddhism on Confucianism. According to Suzuki, Confucianism (and partly the Daoism of the legendary Laozi) is “the Chinese ideal of a perfectly developed virtue.” He also talks about “the Chinese mind,” which he associates with a lack of imagination and a tendency to positive conservatism, utilitarianism, practicality, and optimism. Suzuki concludes by arguing that Confucius was an advocate of realism and that his main object was the promotion of national welfare and the amelioration of social conditions.Less
This chapter contains D. T. Suzuki's essay, published in the journal The Open Court in 1899, in which he discusses Confucius's character and history. In his essay, Suzuki addresses the confusion of the terms Shangdi for “God” and Tian for “Heaven” by “some Christian Orientalists” and his comparative approach to describing the influence of Mahayana Buddhism on Confucianism. According to Suzuki, Confucianism (and partly the Daoism of the legendary Laozi) is “the Chinese ideal of a perfectly developed virtue.” He also talks about “the Chinese mind,” which he associates with a lack of imagination and a tendency to positive conservatism, utilitarianism, practicality, and optimism. Suzuki concludes by arguing that Confucius was an advocate of realism and that his main object was the promotion of national welfare and the amelioration of social conditions.
