Michael Walzer
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199248155
- eISBN:
- 9780191602955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924815X.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This paper presents an alternative to William Kymlicka’s approach for the integration or accommodation of ethnocultural groups in democratic states. It contends that there are different types of ...
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This paper presents an alternative to William Kymlicka’s approach for the integration or accommodation of ethnocultural groups in democratic states. It contends that there are different types of states, and that the differences need to be described before their consequences can be argued. The thicker the ‘national’ culture, the more likely it is that large groups of immigrants will have to be accommodated as national minorities rather than as hyphenated nationals. Or, alternatively, multiculturalism may have to take a more corporatist form when the dominant culture is strongly supported by the state.Less
This paper presents an alternative to William Kymlicka’s approach for the integration or accommodation of ethnocultural groups in democratic states. It contends that there are different types of states, and that the differences need to be described before their consequences can be argued. The thicker the ‘national’ culture, the more likely it is that large groups of immigrants will have to be accommodated as national minorities rather than as hyphenated nationals. Or, alternatively, multiculturalism may have to take a more corporatist form when the dominant culture is strongly supported by the state.
Satu Teerikangas and Philippe Véry
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199601462
- eISBN:
- 9780191743320
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199601462.003.0016
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking, Strategy
As part of the globalization trend experienced by organizations worldwide, the number of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has been steadily rising. Despite this optimism, many of these ventures end up ...
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As part of the globalization trend experienced by organizations worldwide, the number of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has been steadily rising. Despite this optimism, many of these ventures end up reporting failure. When seeking for causes behind these high failure rates, the “culture” factor tops the lists time and again, be it in domestic or international M&A. This chapter reviews extant academic literature on culture in M&A. More particularly, our analysis leads us to address the following questions: (1) how is culture defined; (2) how does cultural distance impact the performance of M&A; (3) what is the nature of the cultural encounter in M&A, and how should cultural change in M&A be managed; (4) in what ways do national cultures impact international M&A? Conclusions on the current state of the literature, an identification of key gaps, and opportunities for future research end the chapter.Less
As part of the globalization trend experienced by organizations worldwide, the number of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has been steadily rising. Despite this optimism, many of these ventures end up reporting failure. When seeking for causes behind these high failure rates, the “culture” factor tops the lists time and again, be it in domestic or international M&A. This chapter reviews extant academic literature on culture in M&A. More particularly, our analysis leads us to address the following questions: (1) how is culture defined; (2) how does cultural distance impact the performance of M&A; (3) what is the nature of the cultural encounter in M&A, and how should cultural change in M&A be managed; (4) in what ways do national cultures impact international M&A? Conclusions on the current state of the literature, an identification of key gaps, and opportunities for future research end the chapter.
Claudio Lomnitz-Adler
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520077881
- eISBN:
- 9780520912472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520077881.003.0019
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter reports a spatial analysis of Mexican political forms. Most of the works on Mexican national culture emerged out of concern with the forms in which Mexico was or was not modernizing. The ...
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This chapter reports a spatial analysis of Mexican political forms. Most of the works on Mexican national culture emerged out of concern with the forms in which Mexico was or was not modernizing. The touchy defensiveness that Octavio Paz and Samuel Ramos identified, named, and criticized was the result of the distance and forms of interrelations between intimate cultures in Mexico. By creating new concepts, the conceptual problems involved in understanding regional culture have been emphasized. It mentioned that localist ideologies, including nationalism, cannot be analyzed without understanding their relationship to actual spaces of cultural production. Nationalism cannot be understood without an analysis of culture in the national space. Throughout, this book has shown that the specific characteristics of national ideologies have significant effects throughout the national space. Thus, the study of culture in the national space is fundamental for the discussion of alternative forms of nationalism.Less
This chapter reports a spatial analysis of Mexican political forms. Most of the works on Mexican national culture emerged out of concern with the forms in which Mexico was or was not modernizing. The touchy defensiveness that Octavio Paz and Samuel Ramos identified, named, and criticized was the result of the distance and forms of interrelations between intimate cultures in Mexico. By creating new concepts, the conceptual problems involved in understanding regional culture have been emphasized. It mentioned that localist ideologies, including nationalism, cannot be analyzed without understanding their relationship to actual spaces of cultural production. Nationalism cannot be understood without an analysis of culture in the national space. Throughout, this book has shown that the specific characteristics of national ideologies have significant effects throughout the national space. Thus, the study of culture in the national space is fundamental for the discussion of alternative forms of nationalism.
Craig Cairns
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263129
- eISBN:
- 9780191734861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263129.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter criticizes Keith Robbins' lecture on the history of Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It argues that Robbins' request for correspondence and dialogue contradicts his previous statement that ...
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This chapter criticizes Keith Robbins' lecture on the history of Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It argues that Robbins' request for correspondence and dialogue contradicts his previous statement that History and Historians in the Twentieth Century provides no place for British historical writing in the twentieth century which had been written in the United Kingdom outside England. It also questions Robbins' use of a model of national culture which derives from and sustains the structure of English culture as the measure by which other national cultures are to be valued.Less
This chapter criticizes Keith Robbins' lecture on the history of Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It argues that Robbins' request for correspondence and dialogue contradicts his previous statement that History and Historians in the Twentieth Century provides no place for British historical writing in the twentieth century which had been written in the United Kingdom outside England. It also questions Robbins' use of a model of national culture which derives from and sustains the structure of English culture as the measure by which other national cultures are to be valued.
Claudio Lomnitz-Adler
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520077881
- eISBN:
- 9780520912472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520077881.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This book reviews the study of national culture. The problem covered is both political and conceptual. Its political dimension is associated to the formulation and discussion of alternate national ...
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This book reviews the study of national culture. The problem covered is both political and conceptual. Its political dimension is associated to the formulation and discussion of alternate national ideologies (or of an antinational ideology). Intellectually, the issue is how to analyze culture in the national space, and how to understand the dynamic relationship between any attempt to describe national culture and the formulation of nationalist ideologies. The first part of this book is a study of cultural production and ideology in Morelos and Huasteca Potosina. The second part develops an interpretation of a few aspects of Mexican national culture and of Mexican ideology. It concentrates on the history of legitimacy and charisma in Mexican politics, and the relationship between the national community and racial ideology. It is hoped that this book could open doors to a critique of cultural practices in Mexico.Less
This book reviews the study of national culture. The problem covered is both political and conceptual. Its political dimension is associated to the formulation and discussion of alternate national ideologies (or of an antinational ideology). Intellectually, the issue is how to analyze culture in the national space, and how to understand the dynamic relationship between any attempt to describe national culture and the formulation of nationalist ideologies. The first part of this book is a study of cultural production and ideology in Morelos and Huasteca Potosina. The second part develops an interpretation of a few aspects of Mexican national culture and of Mexican ideology. It concentrates on the history of legitimacy and charisma in Mexican politics, and the relationship between the national community and racial ideology. It is hoped that this book could open doors to a critique of cultural practices in Mexico.
Balmiki Prasad Singh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198060635
- eISBN:
- 9780199080250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198060635.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Along with market and trade, culture will soon be an important variable in determining the global position of a country. In India's long and uninterrupted cultural history, religion, trade and the ...
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Along with market and trade, culture will soon be an important variable in determining the global position of a country. In India's long and uninterrupted cultural history, religion, trade and the State have brought a major role in the promotion of culture and the arts. The leaders of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Rajendra Prasad, and S. Radhakrishnan realized that a major intervention by the state was necessary in promoting cultural creativity. Various autonomous cultural institutions were set up with government support. A separate Department of Culture was set up. The National Culture Fund was set by the Indian government. The plural character of Indian culture has played a major role in continuity and richness of our culture. This chapter also discusses the recent trend of ethnic groups to gain greater share of income and wealth and hence more state power and thus the importance of harmony and peace.Less
Along with market and trade, culture will soon be an important variable in determining the global position of a country. In India's long and uninterrupted cultural history, religion, trade and the State have brought a major role in the promotion of culture and the arts. The leaders of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Rajendra Prasad, and S. Radhakrishnan realized that a major intervention by the state was necessary in promoting cultural creativity. Various autonomous cultural institutions were set up with government support. A separate Department of Culture was set up. The National Culture Fund was set by the Indian government. The plural character of Indian culture has played a major role in continuity and richness of our culture. This chapter also discusses the recent trend of ethnic groups to gain greater share of income and wealth and hence more state power and thus the importance of harmony and peace.
Claudio Lomnitz-Adler
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520077881
- eISBN:
- 9780520912472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520077881.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
Can we address the issue of nationalism without polemics and restore it to the domain of social science? This book takes a major step in that direction by applying anthropological tools to the study ...
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Can we address the issue of nationalism without polemics and restore it to the domain of social science? This book takes a major step in that direction by applying anthropological tools to the study of national culture. The book's sweeping interpretation of Mexican national ideology constructs an entirely new theoretical framework for the study of national and regional cultures everywhere. With an analysis of culture and ideology in internally differentiated regional spaces—in this case Morelos and the Huasteca in Mexico—the book links ethnographic and historical research to two specific aspects of Mexican national ideology and culture: the history of legitimacy and charisma in Mexican politics, and the relationship between the national community and racial ideology.Less
Can we address the issue of nationalism without polemics and restore it to the domain of social science? This book takes a major step in that direction by applying anthropological tools to the study of national culture. The book's sweeping interpretation of Mexican national ideology constructs an entirely new theoretical framework for the study of national and regional cultures everywhere. With an analysis of culture and ideology in internally differentiated regional spaces—in this case Morelos and the Huasteca in Mexico—the book links ethnographic and historical research to two specific aspects of Mexican national ideology and culture: the history of legitimacy and charisma in Mexican politics, and the relationship between the national community and racial ideology.
Claudio Lomnitz-Adler
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520077881
- eISBN:
- 9780520912472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520077881.003.0016
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
Guillermo Bonfil's México profundo promotes the idea that there is a “deep” Mexico, a common Mexican culture, which is grounded in Indian culture. This book attempts to grapple with the old and ...
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Guillermo Bonfil's México profundo promotes the idea that there is a “deep” Mexico, a common Mexican culture, which is grounded in Indian culture. This book attempts to grapple with the old and difficult problem of national culture without the aid of a new theoretical perspective. Bonfil has succumbed to the excitement of politics while forfeiting his critical capacity. Another study of national culture is by Enrique Alduncin. His position differs from Bonfil's in that it does not seek to find the underlying structure of Mexico's culture. Roger Bartra's La jaula de la melancolía concludes that the whole project of Mexican national-culture studies has its motivational roots in the romantic melancholia caused by the impact of modernization. The works of Bartra, Bonfil, and Alduncin index the politics of national culture studies. Few key aspects of Mexican culture are elaborated. The ideas developed by the pensadores are internally incommensurable.Less
Guillermo Bonfil's México profundo promotes the idea that there is a “deep” Mexico, a common Mexican culture, which is grounded in Indian culture. This book attempts to grapple with the old and difficult problem of national culture without the aid of a new theoretical perspective. Bonfil has succumbed to the excitement of politics while forfeiting his critical capacity. Another study of national culture is by Enrique Alduncin. His position differs from Bonfil's in that it does not seek to find the underlying structure of Mexico's culture. Roger Bartra's La jaula de la melancolía concludes that the whole project of Mexican national-culture studies has its motivational roots in the romantic melancholia caused by the impact of modernization. The works of Bartra, Bonfil, and Alduncin index the politics of national culture studies. Few key aspects of Mexican culture are elaborated. The ideas developed by the pensadores are internally incommensurable.
Ellen Gruber Garvey
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195108224
- eISBN:
- 9780199855070
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195108224.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
As advertising increasingly entered daily life, writers and commentators grappled with the meaning of the new advertising discourse. This chapter examines the more diffuse movement of advertising ...
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As advertising increasingly entered daily life, writers and commentators grappled with the meaning of the new advertising discourse. This chapter examines the more diffuse movement of advertising into national culture. Brand names and ad slogans were useful as a common frame of reference in an increasingly heterogeneous country. As the national distribution and advertising of goods by brand name shaped a national vocabulary, the cultural shorthand they created enabled people across the United States to understand a reference to a brand of soap or a joke about an advertising slogan. One arguably elite setting in which advertising references began to appear was fiction. Often such references were satiric, but in a popular novel of 1888, Amelie Rives's The Quick or the Dead?, brand-name references appear more central. Rives's novel embodied questions about the individuality of people and relationships, and the duplicability and replaceability of relationships, in part through references to brand-named items associated with characters. It is argued that the novel attempted to reconcile the idea of individuality and irreplaceability with the system of mass production in which all duplicated articles are equally authentic.Less
As advertising increasingly entered daily life, writers and commentators grappled with the meaning of the new advertising discourse. This chapter examines the more diffuse movement of advertising into national culture. Brand names and ad slogans were useful as a common frame of reference in an increasingly heterogeneous country. As the national distribution and advertising of goods by brand name shaped a national vocabulary, the cultural shorthand they created enabled people across the United States to understand a reference to a brand of soap or a joke about an advertising slogan. One arguably elite setting in which advertising references began to appear was fiction. Often such references were satiric, but in a popular novel of 1888, Amelie Rives's The Quick or the Dead?, brand-name references appear more central. Rives's novel embodied questions about the individuality of people and relationships, and the duplicability and replaceability of relationships, in part through references to brand-named items associated with characters. It is argued that the novel attempted to reconcile the idea of individuality and irreplaceability with the system of mass production in which all duplicated articles are equally authentic.
Ana Vrdoljak (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199642120
- eISBN:
- 9780191770401
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642120.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The intersections between culture and human rights have engaged some of the most heated and controversial debates across international law and theory. As understandings of culture have evolved in ...
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The intersections between culture and human rights have engaged some of the most heated and controversial debates across international law and theory. As understandings of culture have evolved in recent decades to encompass culture as ways of life, there has been a shift in emphasis from national cultures to cultural diversity within and across states. This has entailed a push to more fully articulate cultural rights within human rights law. This book analyses a range of responses by international law, and particularly human rights law, to some of the thorniest, perennial, and sometimes violent confrontations fuelled by culture in relations between individuals, groups and the state in international society. Across the different issues tackled, the chapters are tied by one unifying thread — that culture is understood, protected and promoted not only for its physical manifestations. Rather, it is the relationship of culture to people, individually or in groups, and the diversity of these relationships which is being protected and promoted; hence, the fundamental overlap between culture and human rights.Less
The intersections between culture and human rights have engaged some of the most heated and controversial debates across international law and theory. As understandings of culture have evolved in recent decades to encompass culture as ways of life, there has been a shift in emphasis from national cultures to cultural diversity within and across states. This has entailed a push to more fully articulate cultural rights within human rights law. This book analyses a range of responses by international law, and particularly human rights law, to some of the thorniest, perennial, and sometimes violent confrontations fuelled by culture in relations between individuals, groups and the state in international society. Across the different issues tackled, the chapters are tied by one unifying thread — that culture is understood, protected and promoted not only for its physical manifestations. Rather, it is the relationship of culture to people, individually or in groups, and the diversity of these relationships which is being protected and promoted; hence, the fundamental overlap between culture and human rights.
Ferrie Pot and Jaap Paauwe
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199273904
- eISBN:
- 9780191699726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273904.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Organization Studies
It is important to note that human resource managers should consider their organization's institutional environment. This institutional environment is composed of a wide variety of dimensions since ...
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It is important to note that human resource managers should consider their organization's institutional environment. This institutional environment is composed of a wide variety of dimensions since institutional influences may include region, locality, and other such important aspects. The nation state proves to be one of the most significant sources of institutional influence on the performance of various practices for HRM, and this is encompassed by what is commonly referred to as ‘national culture’ or the specific set of national institutions. Several literatures on organization have already illustrated evaluations of the cultural peculiarities associated with employment relationships in a nation state. This chapter provides a throrough comparative study of multinational chemical industry companies (MNCs) that are based in Holland and in the USA.Less
It is important to note that human resource managers should consider their organization's institutional environment. This institutional environment is composed of a wide variety of dimensions since institutional influences may include region, locality, and other such important aspects. The nation state proves to be one of the most significant sources of institutional influence on the performance of various practices for HRM, and this is encompassed by what is commonly referred to as ‘national culture’ or the specific set of national institutions. Several literatures on organization have already illustrated evaluations of the cultural peculiarities associated with employment relationships in a nation state. This chapter provides a throrough comparative study of multinational chemical industry companies (MNCs) that are based in Holland and in the USA.
Kōichi Iwabuchi
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099746
- eISBN:
- 9789882206793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099746.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter looks first at how the logic of corporatism has deeply penetrated transnational media culture flows and how states are also joining the game of corporate branding of the nation in ways ...
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This chapter looks first at how the logic of corporatism has deeply penetrated transnational media culture flows and how states are also joining the game of corporate branding of the nation in ways in which the publicness of media culture and the possibility of transborder dialogue are severely hampered by the logic of market profit and national interests. It focuses on three issues: decentering and recentering of transnational media cultural power, the increasingly systematized connections of national dominant cultures, and the development of state policies to brand national cultures. Since these developments are closely related to the prevalent discourses on the pragmatic uses of culture in neoliberal terms, they inevitably compel one to reconsider the meaning of usefulness and practicality in regard to critical research, to pursue effective ways, not just theoretically, of intervention in the realpolitik.Less
This chapter looks first at how the logic of corporatism has deeply penetrated transnational media culture flows and how states are also joining the game of corporate branding of the nation in ways in which the publicness of media culture and the possibility of transborder dialogue are severely hampered by the logic of market profit and national interests. It focuses on three issues: decentering and recentering of transnational media cultural power, the increasingly systematized connections of national dominant cultures, and the development of state policies to brand national cultures. Since these developments are closely related to the prevalent discourses on the pragmatic uses of culture in neoliberal terms, they inevitably compel one to reconsider the meaning of usefulness and practicality in regard to critical research, to pursue effective ways, not just theoretically, of intervention in the realpolitik.
Daniel G. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748622054
- eISBN:
- 9780748651993
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748622054.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, African-American Literature
This concluding chapter reviews the discussions of the previous chapters, looking at the conservationist ethnic movements that challenged the idea of common national cultures in the United States and ...
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This concluding chapter reviews the discussions of the previous chapters, looking at the conservationist ethnic movements that challenged the idea of common national cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. It determines that Matthew Arnold and William Dean Howells's writings contain the resources for the renegotiation of the conception of ‘culture’ found in the writings of W. E. B. Du Bois and W. B. Yeats.Less
This concluding chapter reviews the discussions of the previous chapters, looking at the conservationist ethnic movements that challenged the idea of common national cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. It determines that Matthew Arnold and William Dean Howells's writings contain the resources for the renegotiation of the conception of ‘culture’ found in the writings of W. E. B. Du Bois and W. B. Yeats.
R. J. W. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199541621
- eISBN:
- 9780191701252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541621.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter presents an essay on the efforts of Joseph II to gain uniform and absolute control of Central Europe in the 1780s. He made two such attempts, which helped generate or catalyse forces of ...
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This chapter presents an essay on the efforts of Joseph II to gain uniform and absolute control of Central Europe in the 1780s. He made two such attempts, which helped generate or catalyse forces of opposition that would reassert regional and provincial autonomies on an increasingly nationalist basis. This chapter also explores the role of Josephinism in intensifying the sense of local and ethnic identity and reveals that most of the supporters of Joseph II were early leaders of movements committed to the propagation of national cultures.Less
This chapter presents an essay on the efforts of Joseph II to gain uniform and absolute control of Central Europe in the 1780s. He made two such attempts, which helped generate or catalyse forces of opposition that would reassert regional and provincial autonomies on an increasingly nationalist basis. This chapter also explores the role of Josephinism in intensifying the sense of local and ethnic identity and reveals that most of the supporters of Joseph II were early leaders of movements committed to the propagation of national cultures.
Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093810
- eISBN:
- 9780199854127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093810.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Thomas Jefferson's view of the city, as embodying forces which were foreign, unnatural, and corrupting to the morals of his fellow-citizens, was one to which he would hold throughout the remainder of ...
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Thomas Jefferson's view of the city, as embodying forces which were foreign, unnatural, and corrupting to the morals of his fellow-citizens, was one to which he would hold throughout the remainder of his life. Jefferson was a liberal idealist, which is what has made him so perennially attractive a figure in American culture. It has been suggested that Jefferson's yeoman republic was simply Virginia writ large. The implications for the national culture would be deferred during the decade in which the national government resided in Philadelphia. That city, during this period, was plausibly as good a choice as New York, and for all anyone knew perhaps a better one. Jefferson would continue to believe in the pernicious effects of cities and to deplore what he saw of their commercial character. He would nonetheless be tolerably compensated by the varied amenities of Philadelphia life.Less
Thomas Jefferson's view of the city, as embodying forces which were foreign, unnatural, and corrupting to the morals of his fellow-citizens, was one to which he would hold throughout the remainder of his life. Jefferson was a liberal idealist, which is what has made him so perennially attractive a figure in American culture. It has been suggested that Jefferson's yeoman republic was simply Virginia writ large. The implications for the national culture would be deferred during the decade in which the national government resided in Philadelphia. That city, during this period, was plausibly as good a choice as New York, and for all anyone knew perhaps a better one. Jefferson would continue to believe in the pernicious effects of cities and to deplore what he saw of their commercial character. He would nonetheless be tolerably compensated by the varied amenities of Philadelphia life.
Joshua Goldstein
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520247529
- eISBN:
- 9780520932791
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520247529.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book describes the formation of the Peking opera in late Qing and its subsequent rise and re-creation as the epitome of the Chinese national culture in Republican era China. Providing an ...
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This book describes the formation of the Peking opera in late Qing and its subsequent rise and re-creation as the epitome of the Chinese national culture in Republican era China. Providing an interesting look into the lives of some of the opera's key actors, it explores their methods for earning a living; their status in an ever-changing society; the methods by which theaters functioned; the nature and content of performances; audience make-up; and the larger relationship between Peking opera and Chinese nationalism. Propelled by a synergy of the commercial and the political patronage from the Qing court in Beijing to modern theaters in Shanghai and Tianjin, Peking opera rose to national prominence. The genre's star actors, particularly male cross-dressing performers led by the exquisite Mei Lanfang and the “Four Great Female Impersonators” became media celebrities, models of modern fashion and world travel. Ironically, as it became increasingly entrenched in modern commercial networks, Peking opera was increasingly framed in post-May fourth discourses as profoundly traditional. This book demonstrates that the process of reforming and marketing Peking opera as a national genre was integrally involved with the process of colonial modernity, shifting gender roles, the rise of capitalist visual culture, and new technologies of public discipline that became increasingly prevalent in urban China in the Republican era.Less
This book describes the formation of the Peking opera in late Qing and its subsequent rise and re-creation as the epitome of the Chinese national culture in Republican era China. Providing an interesting look into the lives of some of the opera's key actors, it explores their methods for earning a living; their status in an ever-changing society; the methods by which theaters functioned; the nature and content of performances; audience make-up; and the larger relationship between Peking opera and Chinese nationalism. Propelled by a synergy of the commercial and the political patronage from the Qing court in Beijing to modern theaters in Shanghai and Tianjin, Peking opera rose to national prominence. The genre's star actors, particularly male cross-dressing performers led by the exquisite Mei Lanfang and the “Four Great Female Impersonators” became media celebrities, models of modern fashion and world travel. Ironically, as it became increasingly entrenched in modern commercial networks, Peking opera was increasingly framed in post-May fourth discourses as profoundly traditional. This book demonstrates that the process of reforming and marketing Peking opera as a national genre was integrally involved with the process of colonial modernity, shifting gender roles, the rise of capitalist visual culture, and new technologies of public discipline that became increasingly prevalent in urban China in the Republican era.
Zbyněk Zeman and Antonín Klimek
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205838
- eISBN:
- 9780191676802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205838.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter describes the determination of the Czechoslovaks to fight which helped them to achieve the recognition of the national council. The British found it more convenient to deal with one ...
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This chapter describes the determination of the Czechoslovaks to fight which helped them to achieve the recognition of the national council. The British found it more convenient to deal with one person and one institution capable of managing a part of a heterogeneous group of exiles. About twenty diplomatic missions were active at this time, and some missions became new centres for Czechoslovak propaganda and recruitment. Beneš and Hodza cooperated to confirm that the foreign office needed a proof of unity between the Czechs and the Slovaks. A reply from the foreign office restated its caution on post-war borders and turned down Beneš's claims that the government would exercise jurisdiction over all Czechoslovak citizens, and their property, in Great Britain. Beneš allowed for a change in the constitutional position within Czechoslovakia, where both Ukrainian and Russian trends among the population of the province were allowed to develop national cultures.Less
This chapter describes the determination of the Czechoslovaks to fight which helped them to achieve the recognition of the national council. The British found it more convenient to deal with one person and one institution capable of managing a part of a heterogeneous group of exiles. About twenty diplomatic missions were active at this time, and some missions became new centres for Czechoslovak propaganda and recruitment. Beneš and Hodza cooperated to confirm that the foreign office needed a proof of unity between the Czechs and the Slovaks. A reply from the foreign office restated its caution on post-war borders and turned down Beneš's claims that the government would exercise jurisdiction over all Czechoslovak citizens, and their property, in Great Britain. Beneš allowed for a change in the constitutional position within Czechoslovakia, where both Ukrainian and Russian trends among the population of the province were allowed to develop national cultures.
Shaun T. Lopez
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774249006
- eISBN:
- 9781617971006
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774249006.003.0014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter tells the story of the 1920 Alexandria serial murders, the “Raya and Sakina” murders, and argues that they played an important role in constructing the notion of an Egyptian national ...
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This chapter tells the story of the 1920 Alexandria serial murders, the “Raya and Sakina” murders, and argues that they played an important role in constructing the notion of an Egyptian national culture in 1920s. The discovery of seventeen bodies buried under the floors of houses in Alexandria's al-Liban neighborhood engendered the first major media sensation in modern Egyptian history, and literally hundreds, if not thousands, of chapters related to the case appeared in the press in the months after the discovery of the first bodies. The Raya and Sakina serial murders attracted national attention, and the great number of Egyptians who followed press coverage of the murders underwent a re-examination of gender, class, and national identifications. Though usually discussed in the post-1952 context, as early as 1920 the beginnings of a “mass-mediated” popular culture began to percolate through Egypt based on notions of acceptable public behavior.Less
This chapter tells the story of the 1920 Alexandria serial murders, the “Raya and Sakina” murders, and argues that they played an important role in constructing the notion of an Egyptian national culture in 1920s. The discovery of seventeen bodies buried under the floors of houses in Alexandria's al-Liban neighborhood engendered the first major media sensation in modern Egyptian history, and literally hundreds, if not thousands, of chapters related to the case appeared in the press in the months after the discovery of the first bodies. The Raya and Sakina serial murders attracted national attention, and the great number of Egyptians who followed press coverage of the murders underwent a re-examination of gender, class, and national identifications. Though usually discussed in the post-1952 context, as early as 1920 the beginnings of a “mass-mediated” popular culture began to percolate through Egypt based on notions of acceptable public behavior.
Gary Kelly
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198122722
- eISBN:
- 9780191671524
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198122722.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The French Revolution stirred a bitter debate in Britain about the nature of civil society and the political nation. This is a study of contemporary women writers' efforts to base a reformed state ...
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The French Revolution stirred a bitter debate in Britain about the nature of civil society and the political nation. This is a study of contemporary women writers' efforts to base a reformed state and national culture on virtues and domains traditionally conceded to women. The pre-Revolutionary call for the feminization of culture acquired new and controversial meaning during the Revolution debate with the claims of Mary Wollstonecraft and others for intellectual, vocational, sexual, and even political equality with men. But women writers of the period were faced with a literary discourse that assigned learned, sublime, and controversial genres and public and political themes to men. Women writers therefore undertook bold literary experiments which were derided and suppressed in their time, and which are still misunderstood. The chapter investigates this hitherto neglected achievement by combining a wide survey of women's writing in its historical context with detailed analyses of three leading women writers: Helen Maria Williams, Britain's most widely-read eyewitness to the Revolution; the determined feminist and self-styled ‘female philosopher’ Mary Hays; and Elizabeth Hamilton, relentless ‘feminizer’ of supposedly ‘masculine’ discourse, from satire to social reform, classics to theology.Less
The French Revolution stirred a bitter debate in Britain about the nature of civil society and the political nation. This is a study of contemporary women writers' efforts to base a reformed state and national culture on virtues and domains traditionally conceded to women. The pre-Revolutionary call for the feminization of culture acquired new and controversial meaning during the Revolution debate with the claims of Mary Wollstonecraft and others for intellectual, vocational, sexual, and even political equality with men. But women writers of the period were faced with a literary discourse that assigned learned, sublime, and controversial genres and public and political themes to men. Women writers therefore undertook bold literary experiments which were derided and suppressed in their time, and which are still misunderstood. The chapter investigates this hitherto neglected achievement by combining a wide survey of women's writing in its historical context with detailed analyses of three leading women writers: Helen Maria Williams, Britain's most widely-read eyewitness to the Revolution; the determined feminist and self-styled ‘female philosopher’ Mary Hays; and Elizabeth Hamilton, relentless ‘feminizer’ of supposedly ‘masculine’ discourse, from satire to social reform, classics to theology.
Edward Whitley
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807834213
- eISBN:
- 9781469606354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807899427_whitley.6
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
This book focuses on three relatively unknown antebellum poets—African American separatist James M. Whitfield, Mormon pioneer Eliza R. Snow, and Cherokee journalist John Rollin Ridge—and the ...
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This book focuses on three relatively unknown antebellum poets—African American separatist James M. Whitfield, Mormon pioneer Eliza R. Snow, and Cherokee journalist John Rollin Ridge—and the affinities they shared with Walt Whitman, including an awareness of the symbolic value that came with speaking for the nation from the fringes of national culture. It also considers some of the primary features of Whitman's project for American poetry that can also be found in Whitfield, Snow, and Ridge, such as the desire to be the poet of a new American religion, and also examines how Whitfield, Snow, and Ridge recast their identities as their qualifications to speak to and for the nation as American bards. In addition, the book explains how their shift away from the exclusivity of national identity toward various kinds of intranational and supranational allegiances enabled them to present an alternative to the literary nationalism that has long defined the antebellum period.Less
This book focuses on three relatively unknown antebellum poets—African American separatist James M. Whitfield, Mormon pioneer Eliza R. Snow, and Cherokee journalist John Rollin Ridge—and the affinities they shared with Walt Whitman, including an awareness of the symbolic value that came with speaking for the nation from the fringes of national culture. It also considers some of the primary features of Whitman's project for American poetry that can also be found in Whitfield, Snow, and Ridge, such as the desire to be the poet of a new American religion, and also examines how Whitfield, Snow, and Ridge recast their identities as their qualifications to speak to and for the nation as American bards. In addition, the book explains how their shift away from the exclusivity of national identity toward various kinds of intranational and supranational allegiances enabled them to present an alternative to the literary nationalism that has long defined the antebellum period.
