Helen Wallace
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252268
- eISBN:
- 9780191601040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252262.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Chapter 1 comments on different understandings of European governance in different national research communities, with some striking differences evident between British and German scholarship. One ...
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Chapter 1 comments on different understandings of European governance in different national research communities, with some striking differences evident between British and German scholarship. One element is whether 'Europe' means the EU or the continent, another is whether Europeanization is more organic or more designer-led, and a third is the fit between national political contexts and the phenomenon of Europeanization.Less
Chapter 1 comments on different understandings of European governance in different national research communities, with some striking differences evident between British and German scholarship. One element is whether 'Europe' means the EU or the continent, another is whether Europeanization is more organic or more designer-led, and a third is the fit between national political contexts and the phenomenon of Europeanization.
Monika Baár
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199581184
- eISBN:
- 9780191722806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581184.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Chapter 4, ‘Intellectual Background’, attempts to reconstruct the intellectual background which informed the historians' mindset and argues that the vantage point of such study must be their own ...
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Chapter 4, ‘Intellectual Background’, attempts to reconstruct the intellectual background which informed the historians' mindset and argues that the vantage point of such study must be their own national traditions. Relying on the methodology of intellectual transfer it looks at the influence of the Enlightenment in its national variations, as well as the impact of Romanticism on their work. Within the analysis of foreign intellectual influences, special attention is given to the Göttingen school and in broader terms to the Spätaufklärung. Herder's influence is also investigated and the conclusion is reached that his impact was not as crucial as one would expect. Further, the chapter assesses the inspiration which the Scottish Enlightenment provided for the historians and explores in what ways and to what extent they were indebted to the French liberal school and the writings of the Russian historian Nikolai Karamzin.Less
Chapter 4, ‘Intellectual Background’, attempts to reconstruct the intellectual background which informed the historians' mindset and argues that the vantage point of such study must be their own national traditions. Relying on the methodology of intellectual transfer it looks at the influence of the Enlightenment in its national variations, as well as the impact of Romanticism on their work. Within the analysis of foreign intellectual influences, special attention is given to the Göttingen school and in broader terms to the Spätaufklärung. Herder's influence is also investigated and the conclusion is reached that his impact was not as crucial as one would expect. Further, the chapter assesses the inspiration which the Scottish Enlightenment provided for the historians and explores in what ways and to what extent they were indebted to the French liberal school and the writings of the Russian historian Nikolai Karamzin.
Matsuo Watanabe and Atsushi Hanatani
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199698561
- eISBN:
- 9780191738142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698561.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This article explores the possibility of industrial policy in Africa based on Asia's experience from the 1970s onwards. African economies have seen a good performance in recent years. The growth ...
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This article explores the possibility of industrial policy in Africa based on Asia's experience from the 1970s onwards. African economies have seen a good performance in recent years. The growth pattern, however, remains largely dependent on world commodity prices. For the economies to realize a sustainable growth, the structure has to be diversified and upgraded. In this context, government-led industrialization can be an effective means for latecomers where markets are imperfect and risks are high for nascent private enterprises, despite persistent skeptical views on the governments’ insufficient capacity, rent-seeking, and corruption. It is certainly ridiculous to simply transplant the Asian experience to Africa because of the differences in international/domestic political, economic, geographic, and social conditions. Donors may want to acknowledge the diverse national contexts and to encourage Africa's trial-and-error approach and closer collaboration between public and private sectors, rather than to lay down “best practices.”Less
This article explores the possibility of industrial policy in Africa based on Asia's experience from the 1970s onwards. African economies have seen a good performance in recent years. The growth pattern, however, remains largely dependent on world commodity prices. For the economies to realize a sustainable growth, the structure has to be diversified and upgraded. In this context, government-led industrialization can be an effective means for latecomers where markets are imperfect and risks are high for nascent private enterprises, despite persistent skeptical views on the governments’ insufficient capacity, rent-seeking, and corruption. It is certainly ridiculous to simply transplant the Asian experience to Africa because of the differences in international/domestic political, economic, geographic, and social conditions. Donors may want to acknowledge the diverse national contexts and to encourage Africa's trial-and-error approach and closer collaboration between public and private sectors, rather than to lay down “best practices.”
Andreu Lopez Blasco, Wallace McNeish, and Andreas Walther (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345547
- eISBN:
- 9781447304357
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345547.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Using a biographical approach, this book integrates the perspectives of social policy, sociology, youth and transition research, and education and labour-market research. It compares policy and ...
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Using a biographical approach, this book integrates the perspectives of social policy, sociology, youth and transition research, and education and labour-market research. It compares policy and practice in a variety of European national contexts and explores the dilemmas of policies for the inclusion of young people, suggesting that a holistic Integrated Transition Policy, which puts young people's subjective experience at its centre, can provide an alternative to current policies and practice.Less
Using a biographical approach, this book integrates the perspectives of social policy, sociology, youth and transition research, and education and labour-market research. It compares policy and practice in a variety of European national contexts and explores the dilemmas of policies for the inclusion of young people, suggesting that a holistic Integrated Transition Policy, which puts young people's subjective experience at its centre, can provide an alternative to current policies and practice.
Mick Wilkinson and Gary Craig
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426444
- eISBN:
- 9781447302797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426444.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter talks about the important issues that are concerned with the social segregation and social exclusion of migrant workers in the UK. It presents an argument which states that the social ...
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This chapter talks about the important issues that are concerned with the social segregation and social exclusion of migrant workers in the UK. It presents an argument which states that the social and employment protection for this group of workers is often insufficient, and that the UK government has a moral obligation to attend to these deficits. The first section of the chapter shows the national context of migration policies in the UK. The chapter then reflects on the long history of immigration and the historical significance of questions of racial discrimination, ‘race’, and ethnicity to the integration of immigrant workers of the post-war period.Less
This chapter talks about the important issues that are concerned with the social segregation and social exclusion of migrant workers in the UK. It presents an argument which states that the social and employment protection for this group of workers is often insufficient, and that the UK government has a moral obligation to attend to these deficits. The first section of the chapter shows the national context of migration policies in the UK. The chapter then reflects on the long history of immigration and the historical significance of questions of racial discrimination, ‘race’, and ethnicity to the integration of immigrant workers of the post-war period.
William B. Bonvillian and Charles Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199374519
- eISBN:
- 9780199374540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199374519.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
The economies of other countries can display the systematic obstacles to innovation, favoring incumbents and defended by vested interests, by which we have defined legacy sectors in the United ...
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The economies of other countries can display the systematic obstacles to innovation, favoring incumbents and defended by vested interests, by which we have defined legacy sectors in the United States. We define the national innovation environment as consisting of the national innovation system—institutions and policies specifically concerned with research, development, and innovation—plus the equally important national innovation context—economic, political, legal, and cultural—in which it operates. A disabling context can suppress innovation despite investments and policies to stimulate it, as in the overregulated “license raj” of pre-1990 India, or in countries where risk aversion is a cultural norm, limiting cutting-edge start-ups on the US model. Still, there is much to be learned from other nations. The innovation environments in Germany and China are enabling as they encourage innovation in manufacturing; those in France and China support well-managed infrastructure.Less
The economies of other countries can display the systematic obstacles to innovation, favoring incumbents and defended by vested interests, by which we have defined legacy sectors in the United States. We define the national innovation environment as consisting of the national innovation system—institutions and policies specifically concerned with research, development, and innovation—plus the equally important national innovation context—economic, political, legal, and cultural—in which it operates. A disabling context can suppress innovation despite investments and policies to stimulate it, as in the overregulated “license raj” of pre-1990 India, or in countries where risk aversion is a cultural norm, limiting cutting-edge start-ups on the US model. Still, there is much to be learned from other nations. The innovation environments in Germany and China are enabling as they encourage innovation in manufacturing; those in France and China support well-managed infrastructure.
Fred C. Pampel
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226645254
- eISBN:
- 9780226645278
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226645278.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter tests the argument that cohort size will have positive effects on homicide deaths among groups that depend on market earnings and will have negative effects on homicide deaths among ...
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This chapter tests the argument that cohort size will have positive effects on homicide deaths among groups that depend on market earnings and will have negative effects on homicide deaths among groups that depend more on public and private transfers. It does so by examining how the relationship of cohort size and homicide mortality varies with age, gender, national context, and time period. It also gives special attention to national characteristics related to collectivism, such as inequality, discrimination, and heterogeneity, that may contribute to group conflict and high homicide rates. Finally, it compares the similarities and differences between suicide and homicide victimization across ages, nations, and years.Less
This chapter tests the argument that cohort size will have positive effects on homicide deaths among groups that depend on market earnings and will have negative effects on homicide deaths among groups that depend more on public and private transfers. It does so by examining how the relationship of cohort size and homicide mortality varies with age, gender, national context, and time period. It also gives special attention to national characteristics related to collectivism, such as inequality, discrimination, and heterogeneity, that may contribute to group conflict and high homicide rates. Finally, it compares the similarities and differences between suicide and homicide victimization across ages, nations, and years.
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226904054
- eISBN:
- 9780226904078
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226904078.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter discusses issues associated with the Enlightenment, Enlightenments, the utility of “the national” as a scale of inquiry in geography; with the production, movement, and reception of ...
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This chapter discusses issues associated with the Enlightenment, Enlightenments, the utility of “the national” as a scale of inquiry in geography; with the production, movement, and reception of Enlightenment; and with the local sites and spaces of Enlightenment. It looks at the national scale as one way—a prevalent yet problematic way—of thinking geographically about the Enlightenment. It also considers questions to do with national context and with the Enlightenment, using Roy Porter and Mikulás Teich's 1981 edited book as a guide of sorts. It examines the idea of an Enlightenment “core” and “periphery” with reference to Portugal and Spain, and to the Greek-speaking regions.Less
This chapter discusses issues associated with the Enlightenment, Enlightenments, the utility of “the national” as a scale of inquiry in geography; with the production, movement, and reception of Enlightenment; and with the local sites and spaces of Enlightenment. It looks at the national scale as one way—a prevalent yet problematic way—of thinking geographically about the Enlightenment. It also considers questions to do with national context and with the Enlightenment, using Roy Porter and Mikulás Teich's 1981 edited book as a guide of sorts. It examines the idea of an Enlightenment “core” and “periphery” with reference to Portugal and Spain, and to the Greek-speaking regions.
Zhou Xuelin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098497
- eISBN:
- 9789882207707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098497.003.0006
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter presents a sample comparative study of youth cultures. It compares and contrasts the British angry-young-man films of the late 1950s and early 1960s, and the Chinese young-rebel films of ...
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This chapter presents a sample comparative study of youth cultures. It compares and contrasts the British angry-young-man films of the late 1950s and early 1960s, and the Chinese young-rebel films of the 1980s. The British films include Room at the Top (1959), Look Back in Anger (1959), Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960), A Taste of Honey (1961), A Kind of Loving (1962), The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962) and This Sporting Life (Romulus, 1963). Drawing on the Western literature on youth rebellion, it compares the social history of the two countries in terms of structural similarities, and presents some general conclusions about the nature of youth rebellion and how it should best be understood within its particular national and historical contexts.Less
This chapter presents a sample comparative study of youth cultures. It compares and contrasts the British angry-young-man films of the late 1950s and early 1960s, and the Chinese young-rebel films of the 1980s. The British films include Room at the Top (1959), Look Back in Anger (1959), Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960), A Taste of Honey (1961), A Kind of Loving (1962), The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962) and This Sporting Life (Romulus, 1963). Drawing on the Western literature on youth rebellion, it compares the social history of the two countries in terms of structural similarities, and presents some general conclusions about the nature of youth rebellion and how it should best be understood within its particular national and historical contexts.
Fred C. Pampel
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226645254
- eISBN:
- 9780226645278
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226645278.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
The relationship between cohort size and suicide entails considerable complexity. Chapter 6 attempted to make sense of the diverse theories and findings by arguing that suicide has a contingent ...
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The relationship between cohort size and suicide entails considerable complexity. Chapter 6 attempted to make sense of the diverse theories and findings by arguing that suicide has a contingent relationship with cohort size. It presented a theoretical framework suggesting that the direction and magnitude of the influence of cohort size depended on the relative roles of market and transfer income in the economic support of groups and individuals. Based on the contingent argument, Easterlin's claims about the harm of cohort size should fit those groups most dependent on market earnings, while Preston's claims about the benefits of cohort size should fit those groups most dependent on public and private transfers. This chapter tests the hypothesis that the relationship of cohort size and suicide varies across social and economic conditions by examining the contextual influences of four factors related to the relative importance of state and market: age, gender, national context, and time period.Less
The relationship between cohort size and suicide entails considerable complexity. Chapter 6 attempted to make sense of the diverse theories and findings by arguing that suicide has a contingent relationship with cohort size. It presented a theoretical framework suggesting that the direction and magnitude of the influence of cohort size depended on the relative roles of market and transfer income in the economic support of groups and individuals. Based on the contingent argument, Easterlin's claims about the harm of cohort size should fit those groups most dependent on market earnings, while Preston's claims about the benefits of cohort size should fit those groups most dependent on public and private transfers. This chapter tests the hypothesis that the relationship of cohort size and suicide varies across social and economic conditions by examining the contextual influences of four factors related to the relative importance of state and market: age, gender, national context, and time period.
Lyn Ragsdale and Jerrold G. Rusk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190670702
- eISBN:
- 9780190670740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670702.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
Abstract: The chapter introduces the specific indicators of uncertainty in the national campaign context, which include economic volatility, technology shock (with the invention of new mass ...
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Abstract: The chapter introduces the specific indicators of uncertainty in the national campaign context, which include economic volatility, technology shock (with the invention of new mass communication devices, including radio, television, cable television, and the Internet), dramatic national events such as US involvement in major international conflicts, and federal expansion of the franchise. The more change in each indicator, the greater the increase in uncertainty. The increase in uncertainty produces a decrease in nonvoting. Conversely, the more stable the indicator, the less uncertainty and the more likely nonvoting increases. The chapter tests an aggregate model across the full time frame from 1920 through 2012 for presidential and midterm House elections. The results show that relative to such personal factors as age and education, measures of economic volatility, new communication technology, and visible national events decrease nonvoting in both presidential and midterm House elections.Less
Abstract: The chapter introduces the specific indicators of uncertainty in the national campaign context, which include economic volatility, technology shock (with the invention of new mass communication devices, including radio, television, cable television, and the Internet), dramatic national events such as US involvement in major international conflicts, and federal expansion of the franchise. The more change in each indicator, the greater the increase in uncertainty. The increase in uncertainty produces a decrease in nonvoting. Conversely, the more stable the indicator, the less uncertainty and the more likely nonvoting increases. The chapter tests an aggregate model across the full time frame from 1920 through 2012 for presidential and midterm House elections. The results show that relative to such personal factors as age and education, measures of economic volatility, new communication technology, and visible national events decrease nonvoting in both presidential and midterm House elections.
Lyn Ragsdale and Jerrold G. Rusk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190670702
- eISBN:
- 9780190670740
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670702.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
The book explores the impact of uncertainty in the national campaign context on nonvoting in presidential and midterm House elections from 1920 through 2012. While previous studies have focused on ...
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The book explores the impact of uncertainty in the national campaign context on nonvoting in presidential and midterm House elections from 1920 through 2012. While previous studies have focused on individuals' motivations to vote and candidates' mobilization efforts, this book considers how uncertain national circumstances in the months before the election affect whether people vote or not. Uncertainty is defined as decision makers being unable to accurately predict future conditions, possible options, or final outcomes based on the current situation. Within the national campaign context, uncertainty arises from economic volatility, technological advances in mass communication, dramatic national events including wars, and changes in suffrage requirements. The book examines this uncertainty across four historical periods: the government expansion period (1920–1944), the post-war period (1946–1972), the government reassessment period (1974–1990), the internet technology period (1992–2012). The book considers the nature of politics during these periods with key occurrences including the economic swings of the Roaring 20s, the Great Depression, the post-World War II boom, and the Great Recession, voting rights for women, African-Americans, and young people, and the effects of radio, television, cable television, and the Internet on nonvoting. It concludes that the higher the degree of uncertainty in the national scene, the more likely eligible voters will go to the polls. Conversely, the lower the degree of uncertainty, as the national scene remains stable, the less likely eligible voters will participate. As one example, throughout all four historical periods, economic change decreases nonvoting, while economic stability increases nonvoting.Less
The book explores the impact of uncertainty in the national campaign context on nonvoting in presidential and midterm House elections from 1920 through 2012. While previous studies have focused on individuals' motivations to vote and candidates' mobilization efforts, this book considers how uncertain national circumstances in the months before the election affect whether people vote or not. Uncertainty is defined as decision makers being unable to accurately predict future conditions, possible options, or final outcomes based on the current situation. Within the national campaign context, uncertainty arises from economic volatility, technological advances in mass communication, dramatic national events including wars, and changes in suffrage requirements. The book examines this uncertainty across four historical periods: the government expansion period (1920–1944), the post-war period (1946–1972), the government reassessment period (1974–1990), the internet technology period (1992–2012). The book considers the nature of politics during these periods with key occurrences including the economic swings of the Roaring 20s, the Great Depression, the post-World War II boom, and the Great Recession, voting rights for women, African-Americans, and young people, and the effects of radio, television, cable television, and the Internet on nonvoting. It concludes that the higher the degree of uncertainty in the national scene, the more likely eligible voters will go to the polls. Conversely, the lower the degree of uncertainty, as the national scene remains stable, the less likely eligible voters will participate. As one example, throughout all four historical periods, economic change decreases nonvoting, while economic stability increases nonvoting.
Lyn Ragsdale and Jerrold G. Rusk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190670702
- eISBN:
- 9780190670740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670702.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
This chapter presents how uncertainty in the national campaign context affects whether people vote or not. The focus on the uncertainty of the national campaign context is in contrast to four primary ...
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This chapter presents how uncertainty in the national campaign context affects whether people vote or not. The focus on the uncertainty of the national campaign context is in contrast to four primary explanations for nonvoting. Prior research has suggested that nonvoters lack sufficient psychological involvement in politics, are limited in their personal resources including education and income, are hampered by inadequate social networks, or have not been sufficiently mobilized by candidates’ campaigns. Instead, the chapter suggests that it is uncertainty associated with economic change, the invention of new mass communication technology, dramatic national events, and suffrage expansion that helps understand how many people do not vote and who does not vote.Less
This chapter presents how uncertainty in the national campaign context affects whether people vote or not. The focus on the uncertainty of the national campaign context is in contrast to four primary explanations for nonvoting. Prior research has suggested that nonvoters lack sufficient psychological involvement in politics, are limited in their personal resources including education and income, are hampered by inadequate social networks, or have not been sufficiently mobilized by candidates’ campaigns. Instead, the chapter suggests that it is uncertainty associated with economic change, the invention of new mass communication technology, dramatic national events, and suffrage expansion that helps understand how many people do not vote and who does not vote.
Jinhee Choi and Mitsuyo Wada-Marciano (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099722
- eISBN:
- 9789882207028
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099722.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This book compares production and consumption of Asian horror cinemas in different national contexts and their multidirectional dialogues with Hollywood and neighboring Asian cultures. Chapters ...
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This book compares production and consumption of Asian horror cinemas in different national contexts and their multidirectional dialogues with Hollywood and neighboring Asian cultures. Chapters highlight common themes including technology, digital media, adolescent audience sensibilities, transnational co-productions, pan-Asian marketing techniques, and variations on good vs. evil evident.Less
This book compares production and consumption of Asian horror cinemas in different national contexts and their multidirectional dialogues with Hollywood and neighboring Asian cultures. Chapters highlight common themes including technology, digital media, adolescent audience sensibilities, transnational co-productions, pan-Asian marketing techniques, and variations on good vs. evil evident.
Lyn Ragsdale and Jerrold G. Rusk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190670702
- eISBN:
- 9780190670740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670702.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
Abstract: This chapter sets out the theory of uncertainty in nonvoting. It rests on five premises: (1) uncertainty prohibits candidates and the eligible electorate from accurately predicting the ...
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Abstract: This chapter sets out the theory of uncertainty in nonvoting. It rests on five premises: (1) uncertainty prohibits candidates and the eligible electorate from accurately predicting the future. (2) Uncertainty arises from novelty or surprise—how drastically elements of the national scene change in the months prior to the election. (3) This uncertainty produces risk—the likelihood of making a decision that leads to a negative outcome—electing the candidate who is least likely to reduce uncertainty. (4) People choose to vote to reduce uncertainty in response to the novelty of political occurrences. (5) The higher (lower) the level of uncertainty, the more (less) likely eligible voters will go to the polls.Less
Abstract: This chapter sets out the theory of uncertainty in nonvoting. It rests on five premises: (1) uncertainty prohibits candidates and the eligible electorate from accurately predicting the future. (2) Uncertainty arises from novelty or surprise—how drastically elements of the national scene change in the months prior to the election. (3) This uncertainty produces risk—the likelihood of making a decision that leads to a negative outcome—electing the candidate who is least likely to reduce uncertainty. (4) People choose to vote to reduce uncertainty in response to the novelty of political occurrences. (5) The higher (lower) the level of uncertainty, the more (less) likely eligible voters will go to the polls.
Lyn Ragsdale and Jerrold G. Rusk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190670702
- eISBN:
- 9780190670740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670702.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
This chapter summarizes the book. The central conclusion of the book is that when uncertainty is high, nonvoting decreases. Three generalizations arise about this uncertainty. First, dramatic changes ...
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This chapter summarizes the book. The central conclusion of the book is that when uncertainty is high, nonvoting decreases. Three generalizations arise about this uncertainty. First, dramatic changes in economic conditions reduce nonvoting. This is true when the economy is moving upward or downward. When there is economic stability, nonvoting rates increase. Second, technology shocks with the advent of new forms of mass communication technology decrease nonvoting. The rise of radio, network television, and the Internet creates uncertainty about how the communication will work and nonvoting decreases. Third, in general, the rising costs of war reduce nonvoting. The greater the uncertainty about the war the more likely people will go to the polls.Less
This chapter summarizes the book. The central conclusion of the book is that when uncertainty is high, nonvoting decreases. Three generalizations arise about this uncertainty. First, dramatic changes in economic conditions reduce nonvoting. This is true when the economy is moving upward or downward. When there is economic stability, nonvoting rates increase. Second, technology shocks with the advent of new forms of mass communication technology decrease nonvoting. The rise of radio, network television, and the Internet creates uncertainty about how the communication will work and nonvoting decreases. Third, in general, the rising costs of war reduce nonvoting. The greater the uncertainty about the war the more likely people will go to the polls.
Giacinto della Cananea
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198788386
- eISBN:
- 9780191830303
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788386.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law
This chapter examines the set of rationales for due process requirements. It first clarifies the meaning of the term ‘rationales’ in order to observe that in a transnational context such rationales ...
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This chapter examines the set of rationales for due process requirements. It first clarifies the meaning of the term ‘rationales’ in order to observe that in a transnational context such rationales are slightly different from those that are usually observed in a national context. The chapter introduces the distinction between principles and values and its implications for understanding the ‘rationales’ for the requirements of administrative due process of law, before placing them in a national and transnational context. It also employs a distinction between instrumental and non-instrumental rationales, explaining how both rationales pervade the procedural requirements that law imposes on public authorities. Furthermore, instrumental and non-instrumental rationales have different intellectual origins, serve different purposes, and must thus be kept distinct.Less
This chapter examines the set of rationales for due process requirements. It first clarifies the meaning of the term ‘rationales’ in order to observe that in a transnational context such rationales are slightly different from those that are usually observed in a national context. The chapter introduces the distinction between principles and values and its implications for understanding the ‘rationales’ for the requirements of administrative due process of law, before placing them in a national and transnational context. It also employs a distinction between instrumental and non-instrumental rationales, explaining how both rationales pervade the procedural requirements that law imposes on public authorities. Furthermore, instrumental and non-instrumental rationales have different intellectual origins, serve different purposes, and must thus be kept distinct.
