Sören Holmberg
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296614
- eISBN:
- 9780191600227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296614.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter is the last of six on the question of political representation in the EU. It examines the extent to which European parliamentarians have the correct view of voters’ preferences, and the ...
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This chapter is the last of six on the question of political representation in the EU. It examines the extent to which European parliamentarians have the correct view of voters’ preferences, and the extent to which ‘wishful thinking’—the tendency to see what one wants to see—is a problem in this context. Previous research on this subject is first briefly summarized, and then an analysis is made of data from the European Representation Study on elite perceptions (perceptions of members of the European Parliament, MEPs, and of national parliaments, MNPs) of voter attitudes to four issues: a common European currency; a massive employment policy within the EU; the removal of national borders; and the left–right dimension. The elite perception data are used to test three hypotheses derived from perceptual theory and previous research on elite perception of mass attitudes. Three models of perceptual accuracy, designated assimilation ordering, contrast ordering, and wrong direction ordering, are also advanced. Overall, it is found that a largely irrational tendency towards wishful thinking is more significant for members’ knowledge of voter opinion than other more rational processes of knowledge acquisition; however, the parties that made this analysis possible (i.e. those with opinions differing from those of their voters) constituted a minority among both MNPs (30%) and MEPs (28%), which is precisely the situation in which information channels need to be functioning better rather than worse.Less
This chapter is the last of six on the question of political representation in the EU. It examines the extent to which European parliamentarians have the correct view of voters’ preferences, and the extent to which ‘wishful thinking’—the tendency to see what one wants to see—is a problem in this context. Previous research on this subject is first briefly summarized, and then an analysis is made of data from the European Representation Study on elite perceptions (perceptions of members of the European Parliament, MEPs, and of national parliaments, MNPs) of voter attitudes to four issues: a common European currency; a massive employment policy within the EU; the removal of national borders; and the left–right dimension. The elite perception data are used to test three hypotheses derived from perceptual theory and previous research on elite perception of mass attitudes. Three models of perceptual accuracy, designated assimilation ordering, contrast ordering, and wrong direction ordering, are also advanced. Overall, it is found that a largely irrational tendency towards wishful thinking is more significant for members’ knowledge of voter opinion than other more rational processes of knowledge acquisition; however, the parties that made this analysis possible (i.e. those with opinions differing from those of their voters) constituted a minority among both MNPs (30%) and MEPs (28%), which is precisely the situation in which information channels need to be functioning better rather than worse.
David J. Gerber
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199228225
- eISBN:
- 9780191711350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228225.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Competition Law
This chapter looks analytically at the dynamics of economic globalization, and the economic and political contexts to which any transnational competition law strategy must respond. These dynamics ...
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This chapter looks analytically at the dynamics of economic globalization, and the economic and political contexts to which any transnational competition law strategy must respond. These dynamics feature interplays between national and transnational interests, objectives, institutions and ideas. National borders remain the key factor in this interplay. The chapter then examines convergence as a strategy for global competition law development; the idea that increases in similarities among competition law systems throughout the world are likely and that they will significantly improve the jurisdictional regime. The analysis identifies the potential of convergence, but also reveals its weaknesses and limitations. It concludes that meaningful and effective convergence over broad areas of competition law is less likely than some assume and that by itself, convergence is not an adequate response to the challenges of protecting global competition and securing widespread national support for it.Less
This chapter looks analytically at the dynamics of economic globalization, and the economic and political contexts to which any transnational competition law strategy must respond. These dynamics feature interplays between national and transnational interests, objectives, institutions and ideas. National borders remain the key factor in this interplay. The chapter then examines convergence as a strategy for global competition law development; the idea that increases in similarities among competition law systems throughout the world are likely and that they will significantly improve the jurisdictional regime. The analysis identifies the potential of convergence, but also reveals its weaknesses and limitations. It concludes that meaningful and effective convergence over broad areas of competition law is less likely than some assume and that by itself, convergence is not an adequate response to the challenges of protecting global competition and securing widespread national support for it.
Gregor Thum
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140247
- eISBN:
- 9781400839964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140247.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter explores how the integration of the former German territories into the Polish state was a complex undertaking. Not only did the area have to be settled to a sufficient density, but the ...
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This chapter explores how the integration of the former German territories into the Polish state was a complex undertaking. Not only did the area have to be settled to a sufficient density, but the administrative structures of the old territories also had to be expanded to serve the needs of the new territories. Efficient transportation connections had to be created between regions that had previously been separated by a national border, a uniform economic area had to be developed, and Polish cultural and educational institutions had to be established throughout the western territories. The task of merging two entirely different parts of a country into a single, homogeneous nation soon revealed the limits of what political power could accomplish.Less
This chapter explores how the integration of the former German territories into the Polish state was a complex undertaking. Not only did the area have to be settled to a sufficient density, but the administrative structures of the old territories also had to be expanded to serve the needs of the new territories. Efficient transportation connections had to be created between regions that had previously been separated by a national border, a uniform economic area had to be developed, and Polish cultural and educational institutions had to be established throughout the western territories. The task of merging two entirely different parts of a country into a single, homogeneous nation soon revealed the limits of what political power could accomplish.
Catherine Tatiana Dunlop
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226173023
- eISBN:
- 9780226173160
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226173160.003.0002
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
This chapter explores how citizen mapmakers in modern France and Germany invented new kinds of unofficial territorial boundaries that rivalled the official state borders discussed in Chapter 1. These ...
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This chapter explores how citizen mapmakers in modern France and Germany invented new kinds of unofficial territorial boundaries that rivalled the official state borders discussed in Chapter 1. These unofficial territorial boundaries—including ethnic, historical, linguistic, and racial borders—served the function of orienting and bounding national territory according to cultural parameters. The patriotic mapmakers who developed a passion for mapping idealized visions of French and German national territories were scholars from the nineteenth century’s budding social scientific disciplines: ethnographers, anthropologists, statisticians, linguists, geographers, and historians who were deeply interested in the social and cultural identity of land. In order to promote their claims to disputed Alsace-Lorraine, French and German nationalists disseminated unofficial border maps to a variety of civil associations and displayed them in prominent public settings.Less
This chapter explores how citizen mapmakers in modern France and Germany invented new kinds of unofficial territorial boundaries that rivalled the official state borders discussed in Chapter 1. These unofficial territorial boundaries—including ethnic, historical, linguistic, and racial borders—served the function of orienting and bounding national territory according to cultural parameters. The patriotic mapmakers who developed a passion for mapping idealized visions of French and German national territories were scholars from the nineteenth century’s budding social scientific disciplines: ethnographers, anthropologists, statisticians, linguists, geographers, and historians who were deeply interested in the social and cultural identity of land. In order to promote their claims to disputed Alsace-Lorraine, French and German nationalists disseminated unofficial border maps to a variety of civil associations and displayed them in prominent public settings.
Ruben Zaiotti
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226977867
- eISBN:
- 9780226977881
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226977881.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
In recent years, a number of European countries abolished national border controls in favor of Europe's external frontiers. In doing so, they challenged long-established conceptions of sovereignty, ...
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In recent years, a number of European countries abolished national border controls in favor of Europe's external frontiers. In doing so, they challenged long-established conceptions of sovereignty, territoriality, and security in world affairs. Setting forth a new analytic framework informed by constructivism and pragmatism, this book traces the transformation of underlying assumptions and cultural practices guiding European policymakers and postnational Europe, shedding light on current trends characterizing its politics and relations with others. The book also includes a fascinating comparison to developments in North America, where the United States has pursued more restrictive border control strategies since 9/11.Less
In recent years, a number of European countries abolished national border controls in favor of Europe's external frontiers. In doing so, they challenged long-established conceptions of sovereignty, territoriality, and security in world affairs. Setting forth a new analytic framework informed by constructivism and pragmatism, this book traces the transformation of underlying assumptions and cultural practices guiding European policymakers and postnational Europe, shedding light on current trends characterizing its politics and relations with others. The book also includes a fascinating comparison to developments in North America, where the United States has pursued more restrictive border control strategies since 9/11.
John Nerbonne and Charlotte Gooskens (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748640300
- eISBN:
- 9780748671380
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748640300.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy
This book explores dialects and social differences in language computationally, examining topics such as how (and how much) linguistic differences impede intelligibility, how national borders ...
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This book explores dialects and social differences in language computationally, examining topics such as how (and how much) linguistic differences impede intelligibility, how national borders accelerate and direct change, how opinion and hearsay shape perceptions of language differences, the role of intonation (melody), the differences between variation in pronunciation and vocabulary, and techniques for recognising structure in larger collections of linguistic data. The computational investigations engage more traditional work deeply, and a panel discussion focuses on the opportunities and risks of pursuing humanities research using computational science. There is also an introduction that attempts to sketch perspectives from which to approach the individual contributions.Less
This book explores dialects and social differences in language computationally, examining topics such as how (and how much) linguistic differences impede intelligibility, how national borders accelerate and direct change, how opinion and hearsay shape perceptions of language differences, the role of intonation (melody), the differences between variation in pronunciation and vocabulary, and techniques for recognising structure in larger collections of linguistic data. The computational investigations engage more traditional work deeply, and a panel discussion focuses on the opportunities and risks of pursuing humanities research using computational science. There is also an introduction that attempts to sketch perspectives from which to approach the individual contributions.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226977867
- eISBN:
- 9780226977881
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226977881.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter explores the consolidation of Schengen culture by looking at the main events that followed Schengen's communitarization and at selected policy initiatives elaborated. Also, it analyzes ...
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This chapter explores the consolidation of Schengen culture by looking at the main events that followed Schengen's communitarization and at selected policy initiatives elaborated. Also, it analyzes how the consolidation of Schengen has involved the border control community. Schengen was able to consolidate its dominant position in the border control domain. The advances introduced by the Amsterdam Treaty had strengthened the European Union (EU)'s role as an active player on the international stage. The European Neighbourhood Policy appeared to be a promising development in the EU's foreign policy. The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) can be considered the latest “victim” of the Schengen culture's spread into new areas of EU policy. The “comprehensive” response to the terrorism adopted by EU governments and institutions has contributed to the further blurring of the distinction between internal and external security and to the deemphasis of the significance of national borders to guarantee Europe's security.Less
This chapter explores the consolidation of Schengen culture by looking at the main events that followed Schengen's communitarization and at selected policy initiatives elaborated. Also, it analyzes how the consolidation of Schengen has involved the border control community. Schengen was able to consolidate its dominant position in the border control domain. The advances introduced by the Amsterdam Treaty had strengthened the European Union (EU)'s role as an active player on the international stage. The European Neighbourhood Policy appeared to be a promising development in the EU's foreign policy. The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) can be considered the latest “victim” of the Schengen culture's spread into new areas of EU policy. The “comprehensive” response to the terrorism adopted by EU governments and institutions has contributed to the further blurring of the distinction between internal and external security and to the deemphasis of the significance of national borders to guarantee Europe's security.
Cawo M. Abdi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816697380
- eISBN:
- 9781452952376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816697380.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
The introduction makes the case for going beyond the simplistic distinctions often drawn between refugees and migrants, and between settlement and transnationalism. It also calls for more attention ...
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The introduction makes the case for going beyond the simplistic distinctions often drawn between refugees and migrants, and between settlement and transnationalism. It also calls for more attention to the bifurcated nature of globalization, with enhanced importance of national borders simultaneous with the increased imaginations of people in the furthest corners of the globe who seek to overcome those borders. It also criticizes the immigration and citizenship policies in United Arab Emirates, South Africa, and the United States. It reveals these issues by having three immigrants, one from each of the three countries, tell their own personal stories.Less
The introduction makes the case for going beyond the simplistic distinctions often drawn between refugees and migrants, and between settlement and transnationalism. It also calls for more attention to the bifurcated nature of globalization, with enhanced importance of national borders simultaneous with the increased imaginations of people in the furthest corners of the globe who seek to overcome those borders. It also criticizes the immigration and citizenship policies in United Arab Emirates, South Africa, and the United States. It reveals these issues by having three immigrants, one from each of the three countries, tell their own personal stories.
Adams Rachel
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226005515
- eISBN:
- 9780226005539
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226005539.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter explains how detective novels from Canada, the United States, and Mexico have approached the subject of cross-border crime, and what those representations tell about how North Americans ...
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This chapter explains how detective novels from Canada, the United States, and Mexico have approached the subject of cross-border crime, and what those representations tell about how North Americans view their closest neighbors. The contemporary North American detective novels from three very different cultural contexts provide a revealing example of what Fredric Jameson called an “ideology of form,” the implicit beliefs and values that reside in a work's generic structure. Genres tell documents of the institutions and values that are important to a given society. When they migrate across borders, it becomes especially apparent which values travel and which are rooted in a very particular place and time. The detective novel, which explores the commission of crime and the restoration of order, has proved to be a vital medium for North Americans to reflect on their place in an increasingly integrated continent where people and things move across national borders.Less
This chapter explains how detective novels from Canada, the United States, and Mexico have approached the subject of cross-border crime, and what those representations tell about how North Americans view their closest neighbors. The contemporary North American detective novels from three very different cultural contexts provide a revealing example of what Fredric Jameson called an “ideology of form,” the implicit beliefs and values that reside in a work's generic structure. Genres tell documents of the institutions and values that are important to a given society. When they migrate across borders, it becomes especially apparent which values travel and which are rooted in a very particular place and time. The detective novel, which explores the commission of crime and the restoration of order, has proved to be a vital medium for North Americans to reflect on their place in an increasingly integrated continent where people and things move across national borders.
Vilashini Cooppan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804754903
- eISBN:
- 9780804772501
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804754903.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 18th Century and Early American Literature
This book tracks the changing forms of novels and nations against a long, postcolonial twentieth century. While globalization has sometimes been understood as superseding national borders, the book ...
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This book tracks the changing forms of novels and nations against a long, postcolonial twentieth century. While globalization has sometimes been understood as superseding national borders, the book distances itself from before-and-after sequences in order to trace the intersection between national and global politics. Drawing from psychoanalytic and deconstructive accounts of identity, difference, and desire, it explores the making and unmaking of ideas of nation, globe, race, and gender in the late imperialism of Joseph Conrad, the anticolonial nationalism and nascent Third-Worldism of W. E. B. Du Bois and Frantz Fanon, and the decolonizing nationalisms and postcolonial cosmopolitanisms of novelistic descendants, such as the Indian and Indo-Caribbean writers Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, V. S. Naipaul, and David Dabydeen; the anglophone and francophone African writers Chinua Achebe, Nggi wa Thiong'o, Assia Djebar, and Tsitsi Dangarembga; and the Cuban postmodern novelist and theorist Severo Sarduy. Across this global field, national identity is subtended by transnational affiliations and expressed through diverse and intersecting literary forms.Less
This book tracks the changing forms of novels and nations against a long, postcolonial twentieth century. While globalization has sometimes been understood as superseding national borders, the book distances itself from before-and-after sequences in order to trace the intersection between national and global politics. Drawing from psychoanalytic and deconstructive accounts of identity, difference, and desire, it explores the making and unmaking of ideas of nation, globe, race, and gender in the late imperialism of Joseph Conrad, the anticolonial nationalism and nascent Third-Worldism of W. E. B. Du Bois and Frantz Fanon, and the decolonizing nationalisms and postcolonial cosmopolitanisms of novelistic descendants, such as the Indian and Indo-Caribbean writers Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, V. S. Naipaul, and David Dabydeen; the anglophone and francophone African writers Chinua Achebe, Nggi wa Thiong'o, Assia Djebar, and Tsitsi Dangarembga; and the Cuban postmodern novelist and theorist Severo Sarduy. Across this global field, national identity is subtended by transnational affiliations and expressed through diverse and intersecting literary forms.
Sarah Maddison
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479898992
- eISBN:
- 9781479806799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479898992.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter considers the contemporary implications for Indigenous peoples attempting to both recover and rebuild their nations while simultaneously asserting a political voice that often transcends ...
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This chapter considers the contemporary implications for Indigenous peoples attempting to both recover and rebuild their nations while simultaneously asserting a political voice that often transcends precolonial national borders. Focused mainly on the Australian case, it also draws comparisons with Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States in considering the challenges of trying to develop a pan-Indigenous political identity in a colonial/postcolonial nation that has never recognized the borders of Indigenous nations. Implicit in this analysis is an understanding of the deep and wide-ranging diversity of Indigenous life and culture, both within Australia and elsewhere in the world. Despite this diversity, however, the category of indigeneity still functions to denote a political solidarity among colonized peoples, including with regard to their precolonial borders, such as is evident at the United Nations through the development on the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.Less
This chapter considers the contemporary implications for Indigenous peoples attempting to both recover and rebuild their nations while simultaneously asserting a political voice that often transcends precolonial national borders. Focused mainly on the Australian case, it also draws comparisons with Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States in considering the challenges of trying to develop a pan-Indigenous political identity in a colonial/postcolonial nation that has never recognized the borders of Indigenous nations. Implicit in this analysis is an understanding of the deep and wide-ranging diversity of Indigenous life and culture, both within Australia and elsewhere in the world. Despite this diversity, however, the category of indigeneity still functions to denote a political solidarity among colonized peoples, including with regard to their precolonial borders, such as is evident at the United Nations through the development on the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Theresa Kuhn
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199688913
- eISBN:
- 9780191768026
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199688913.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Chapter 6 analyses which transactions are most effective in promoting European identity and EU support by examining the purpose and scope of transnational interactions. Sociable interactions, such as ...
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Chapter 6 analyses which transactions are most effective in promoting European identity and EU support by examining the purpose and scope of transnational interactions. Sociable interactions, such as socializing with other Europeans, are more effective than purely instrumental ones such as trade, suggesting that questions of collective identity rather than utilitarian considerations underlie the relationship between individual transnationalism and orientations towards European integration. Analyses show that intra-European interactions have a stronger effect on European identity than interactions beyond European borders. Assuming that people living at intra-European borders primarily interact with the people across the border, the chapter focuses on intra-European border regions and shows that transnational interactions among border residents have a smaller impact on EU support than among the rest of the population, suggesting that to effectively trigger EU support and European identity, transactions should take place within the EU, and with more than one member state.Less
Chapter 6 analyses which transactions are most effective in promoting European identity and EU support by examining the purpose and scope of transnational interactions. Sociable interactions, such as socializing with other Europeans, are more effective than purely instrumental ones such as trade, suggesting that questions of collective identity rather than utilitarian considerations underlie the relationship between individual transnationalism and orientations towards European integration. Analyses show that intra-European interactions have a stronger effect on European identity than interactions beyond European borders. Assuming that people living at intra-European borders primarily interact with the people across the border, the chapter focuses on intra-European border regions and shows that transnational interactions among border residents have a smaller impact on EU support than among the rest of the population, suggesting that to effectively trigger EU support and European identity, transactions should take place within the EU, and with more than one member state.
Nicola Foote and Rene D. Harder Horst (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034874
- eISBN:
- 9780813038438
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034874.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Military engagements in Latin America between 1850 and 1950 helped shape emerging nation states and collective consciousness in profound and formative ways. This century, known as the liberal period, ...
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Military engagements in Latin America between 1850 and 1950 helped shape emerging nation states and collective consciousness in profound and formative ways. This century, known as the liberal period, was an important time for state formation in the region, as well as for the development of current national borders. This collection aims to assess the role black and indigenous Latin Americans played in the military struggles of this period, and how these efforts contributed to the formation of ideas about race and national identity. While some indigenous people and Afro-Latin Americans came into closer contact with the descendents of colonizers as a result of military service, others turned inward with strengthened ties to their local communities. Many were at times victims of violent conflicts in Latin America, but they surprisingly also shaped the outcome of these wars and employed the wars to advance their own political agendas. The book offers new interpretations and explanations of this key period in Latin American history.Less
Military engagements in Latin America between 1850 and 1950 helped shape emerging nation states and collective consciousness in profound and formative ways. This century, known as the liberal period, was an important time for state formation in the region, as well as for the development of current national borders. This collection aims to assess the role black and indigenous Latin Americans played in the military struggles of this period, and how these efforts contributed to the formation of ideas about race and national identity. While some indigenous people and Afro-Latin Americans came into closer contact with the descendents of colonizers as a result of military service, others turned inward with strengthened ties to their local communities. Many were at times victims of violent conflicts in Latin America, but they surprisingly also shaped the outcome of these wars and employed the wars to advance their own political agendas. The book offers new interpretations and explanations of this key period in Latin American history.
Phillip M. Ayoub and David Paternotte
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479898992
- eISBN:
- 9781479806799
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479898992.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter discusses transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism at the international European level and on the ground in Central and Eastern Europe. LGBT activists have ...
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This chapter discusses transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism at the international European level and on the ground in Central and Eastern Europe. LGBT activists have imagined a new sociopolitical European community, challenging the frontiers of exclusion and the modes of belonging of the liberal nation-state. These activists are not simply extending a liberal notion of rights to an unrecognized group. By imagining Europe as, in part, defined by the inclusion of LGBT people, they are redefining “rights” and forms of citizenship that transcend the bounded nation-state. LGBT activism in Central and Eastern Europe, then, contributes to rebuilding the meaning of Europe from the ground up. Yet, borders remain when these efforts created new hierarchies among activists and paradoxically reinforced a distinction between the “modern West” and the “homophobic East.” This underscores the importance of bringing together the analysis of internal and external dynamics of border construction and resistance to develop more comprehensive understandings of material and symbolic border politics.Less
This chapter discusses transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism at the international European level and on the ground in Central and Eastern Europe. LGBT activists have imagined a new sociopolitical European community, challenging the frontiers of exclusion and the modes of belonging of the liberal nation-state. These activists are not simply extending a liberal notion of rights to an unrecognized group. By imagining Europe as, in part, defined by the inclusion of LGBT people, they are redefining “rights” and forms of citizenship that transcend the bounded nation-state. LGBT activism in Central and Eastern Europe, then, contributes to rebuilding the meaning of Europe from the ground up. Yet, borders remain when these efforts created new hierarchies among activists and paradoxically reinforced a distinction between the “modern West” and the “homophobic East.” This underscores the importance of bringing together the analysis of internal and external dynamics of border construction and resistance to develop more comprehensive understandings of material and symbolic border politics.
Sverre Molland
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836108
- eISBN:
- 9780824871505
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836108.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
For those at the high end of the trafficking chain, the sex trade is an alluring and lucrative business: the supply of girls is constant, the costs of operations are low, and interference from law ...
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For those at the high end of the trafficking chain, the sex trade is an alluring and lucrative business: the supply of girls is constant, the costs of operations are low, and interference from law enforcement is weak to non-existent. Anti-trafficking organizations and governments commonly appropriate such market metaphors of supply and demand as they struggle with the moral?political dimensions of a business involving trade, labor, prostitution, migration, and national borders. But is the sex trade really the perfect business? This book examines the social worlds and interrelationships of traffickers, victims, and trafficking activists along the Thai-Lao border. It explores local efforts to reconcile international legal concepts, the bureaucratic prescriptions of aid organizations, and global development ideologies with on-the-ground realities of sexual commerce. The book provides an insider's view of recruitment and sex commerce gleaned from countless conversations and interviews in bars and brothels, and shows a much more varied picture of friends recruiting friends, and families helping relatives. Sex work in the Mekong region follows patron–client cultural scripts about mutual help and obligation, which makes distinguishing the victims from the traffickers difficult. The book goes beyond the usual focus on migrants and sex commerce to explore the institutional context of anti-trafficking, and raises crucial questions about how an increasingly globalized development aid sector responds to what might more accurately be described as an extraterritorial development challenge of human mobility.Less
For those at the high end of the trafficking chain, the sex trade is an alluring and lucrative business: the supply of girls is constant, the costs of operations are low, and interference from law enforcement is weak to non-existent. Anti-trafficking organizations and governments commonly appropriate such market metaphors of supply and demand as they struggle with the moral?political dimensions of a business involving trade, labor, prostitution, migration, and national borders. But is the sex trade really the perfect business? This book examines the social worlds and interrelationships of traffickers, victims, and trafficking activists along the Thai-Lao border. It explores local efforts to reconcile international legal concepts, the bureaucratic prescriptions of aid organizations, and global development ideologies with on-the-ground realities of sexual commerce. The book provides an insider's view of recruitment and sex commerce gleaned from countless conversations and interviews in bars and brothels, and shows a much more varied picture of friends recruiting friends, and families helping relatives. Sex work in the Mekong region follows patron–client cultural scripts about mutual help and obligation, which makes distinguishing the victims from the traffickers difficult. The book goes beyond the usual focus on migrants and sex commerce to explore the institutional context of anti-trafficking, and raises crucial questions about how an increasingly globalized development aid sector responds to what might more accurately be described as an extraterritorial development challenge of human mobility.
Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520297128
- eISBN:
- 9780520969629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0018
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a ...
More
Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right.
All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include “to welcome”, “to protect”, “to promote”, and “to integrate.”
National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren’t private property and clothes, “because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them”. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility.
The first principle being that “in case of need all things are common”, because “every man is my brother”. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.).
Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an “organic participation” in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities.
Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society— and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine’s "tranquility in order". In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, “with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection.
Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.Less
Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right.
All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include “to welcome”, “to protect”, “to promote”, and “to integrate.”
National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren’t private property and clothes, “because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them”. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility.
The first principle being that “in case of need all things are common”, because “every man is my brother”. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.).
Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an “organic participation” in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities.
Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society— and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine’s "tranquility in order". In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, “with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection.
Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758352
- eISBN:
- 9780804786829
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758352.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses the importance of national borders. The Kuriles are drawn not as an Archipelago but as one entity. The roots of Russian colonial expansion are then addressed. The attacks on ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of national borders. The Kuriles are drawn not as an Archipelago but as one entity. The roots of Russian colonial expansion are then addressed. The attacks on Sakhalin and the Kuriles by Nikolai Khvostov and Gavriil Davydov significantly affected Japanand alerted it to the need to defend its northern frontiers. A number of years passed before Japan had the opportunity to exact retribution for Khvostov's and Davydov's attacks. In 1811, when Vasilii Golovnin came ashore on Kunashiri, as though stepping into a trap he was seized by clansmen of the Nanbu garrison. After his return to Russia, Golovnin's work, Memoirs of Vasilii Mikhailovich Golovnin, who was prisoner of the Japanese in 1811, 1812, 1813, became a bestseller and represents a classic ethnographic study of the Japanese people. The Golovnin incident became very important.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of national borders. The Kuriles are drawn not as an Archipelago but as one entity. The roots of Russian colonial expansion are then addressed. The attacks on Sakhalin and the Kuriles by Nikolai Khvostov and Gavriil Davydov significantly affected Japanand alerted it to the need to defend its northern frontiers. A number of years passed before Japan had the opportunity to exact retribution for Khvostov's and Davydov's attacks. In 1811, when Vasilii Golovnin came ashore on Kunashiri, as though stepping into a trap he was seized by clansmen of the Nanbu garrison. After his return to Russia, Golovnin's work, Memoirs of Vasilii Mikhailovich Golovnin, who was prisoner of the Japanese in 1811, 1812, 1813, became a bestseller and represents a classic ethnographic study of the Japanese people. The Golovnin incident became very important.
Rachel Potter
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199697564
- eISBN:
- 9780191764745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697564.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
The chapter looks at the two headline censorship cases in the period, that of James Joyce’s Ulysses in the USA and Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness in the UK, alongside less public forms of ...
More
The chapter looks at the two headline censorship cases in the period, that of James Joyce’s Ulysses in the USA and Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness in the UK, alongside less public forms of censorship. It also considers how questions of literary censorship were connected to debates about sovereignty and national borders after the First World War, and how writers defended their right to free speech.Less
The chapter looks at the two headline censorship cases in the period, that of James Joyce’s Ulysses in the USA and Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness in the UK, alongside less public forms of censorship. It also considers how questions of literary censorship were connected to debates about sovereignty and national borders after the First World War, and how writers defended their right to free speech.
Francesca Borgonovi, Mario Piacentini, and Andreas Schleicher
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520297128
- eISBN:
- 9780520969629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0017
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a ...
More
Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right.
All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include ‘to welcome’, ‘to protect’, ‘to promote’, and ‘to integrate.’
National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren't private property and clothes, ‘because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them’. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility.
The first principle being that ‘in case of need all things are common’, because ‘every man is my brother’. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.).
Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an ‘organic participation’ in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities.
Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society- and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine's ‘tranquility in order’. In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, ‘with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection.
Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.Less
Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right.
All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include ‘to welcome’, ‘to protect’, ‘to promote’, and ‘to integrate.’
National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren't private property and clothes, ‘because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them’. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility.
The first principle being that ‘in case of need all things are common’, because ‘every man is my brother’. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.).
Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an ‘organic participation’ in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities.
Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society- and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine's ‘tranquility in order’. In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, ‘with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection.
Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.
Paulo Barcelos
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474414470
- eISBN:
- 9781474427005
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474414470.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This introductory chapter provides an overview of global justice. Theorising about global justice starts by questioning the symbolic role classically attributed to national borders as not only ...
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of global justice. Theorising about global justice starts by questioning the symbolic role classically attributed to national borders as not only physical and administrative circumscriptions but also frontiers demanding the contours of the groups of people that are included and excluded from a scheme of distributive justice, that is, from a system of rules and institutions designed to regulate the distribution of the benefits and burdens originated from social cooperation between the individuals that compose a given community's basic structure. Defenders of global liberal conceptions of justice employ two types of argument to justify the inclusion of all persons worldwide within the web of normative ties between persons that create duties of moral assistance.Less
This introductory chapter provides an overview of global justice. Theorising about global justice starts by questioning the symbolic role classically attributed to national borders as not only physical and administrative circumscriptions but also frontiers demanding the contours of the groups of people that are included and excluded from a scheme of distributive justice, that is, from a system of rules and institutions designed to regulate the distribution of the benefits and burdens originated from social cooperation between the individuals that compose a given community's basic structure. Defenders of global liberal conceptions of justice employ two types of argument to justify the inclusion of all persons worldwide within the web of normative ties between persons that create duties of moral assistance.
