David Domke and Kevin Coe
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195326413
- eISBN:
- 9780199870431
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326413.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter focuses on the third religious signal: embracing religious symbols, practices, and rituals by engaging in acts of communion with the faithful. Three presidential acts of communion are ...
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This chapter focuses on the third religious signal: embracing religious symbols, practices, and rituals by engaging in acts of communion with the faithful. Three presidential acts of communion are examined: political pilgrimages, in which presidents give speeches at religious locations or to religious audiences; presidential proclamations, in which presidents formally signal their support for prayer or other religious symbols and activities; and presidential celebrations of Christmas, in which presidents recognize an important holy day for Christians. These acts of communion are “narrowcasts” — targeted communications that typically are noticed only by a chosen few. In this sense, they differ from the “broadcast” communications discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. As in those chapters, however, this signal increased dramatically in 1981. Since that time, presidents have made far more political pilgrimages, issued far more proclamations of a religious nature, and been far more likely to reference Christ in their Christmas communications — all to the delight of religious conservatives.Less
This chapter focuses on the third religious signal: embracing religious symbols, practices, and rituals by engaging in acts of communion with the faithful. Three presidential acts of communion are examined: political pilgrimages, in which presidents give speeches at religious locations or to religious audiences; presidential proclamations, in which presidents formally signal their support for prayer or other religious symbols and activities; and presidential celebrations of Christmas, in which presidents recognize an important holy day for Christians. These acts of communion are “narrowcasts” — targeted communications that typically are noticed only by a chosen few. In this sense, they differ from the “broadcast” communications discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. As in those chapters, however, this signal increased dramatically in 1981. Since that time, presidents have made far more political pilgrimages, issued far more proclamations of a religious nature, and been far more likely to reference Christ in their Christmas communications — all to the delight of religious conservatives.
Kit Hughes
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190855789
- eISBN:
- 9780190855826
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190855789.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book explores how work, television, and waged labor come to have meaning in our everyday lives. However, it is not an analysis of workplace sitcoms or quality dramas. Instead, it explores the ...
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This book explores how work, television, and waged labor come to have meaning in our everyday lives. However, it is not an analysis of workplace sitcoms or quality dramas. Instead, it explores the forgotten history of how American private sector workplaces used television in the twentieth century. It traces how, at the hands of employers, television physically and psychically managed workers and attempted to make work meaningful under the sign of capitalism. It also shows how the so-called domestic medium helped businesses shape labor relations and information architectures foundational to the twinned rise of the technologically mediated corporation and a globalizing information economy. Among other things, business and industry built extensive private television networks to distribute live and taped programming, leased satellite time for global “meetings” and program distribution, created complex closed-circuit television (CCTV) data search and retrieval systems, encouraged the use of videotape for worker self-evaluation, used videocassettes for training distributed workforces, and wired cantinas for employee entertainment. Television at work describes the myriad ways the medium served business’ attempts to shape employees’ relationships to their labor and the workplace in order to secure industrial efficiency, support corporate expansion, and inculcate preferred ideological orientations. By uncovering industrial television as a prolific sphere of media practice—one that continually sought to reshape the technology’s cultural meanings, affordances, and uses—Television at Work positions the medium at the heart of Post-Fordist experiments into reconfiguring the American workplace and advancing understandings of labor that increasingly revolved around dehumanized technological systems and information flows.Less
This book explores how work, television, and waged labor come to have meaning in our everyday lives. However, it is not an analysis of workplace sitcoms or quality dramas. Instead, it explores the forgotten history of how American private sector workplaces used television in the twentieth century. It traces how, at the hands of employers, television physically and psychically managed workers and attempted to make work meaningful under the sign of capitalism. It also shows how the so-called domestic medium helped businesses shape labor relations and information architectures foundational to the twinned rise of the technologically mediated corporation and a globalizing information economy. Among other things, business and industry built extensive private television networks to distribute live and taped programming, leased satellite time for global “meetings” and program distribution, created complex closed-circuit television (CCTV) data search and retrieval systems, encouraged the use of videotape for worker self-evaluation, used videocassettes for training distributed workforces, and wired cantinas for employee entertainment. Television at work describes the myriad ways the medium served business’ attempts to shape employees’ relationships to their labor and the workplace in order to secure industrial efficiency, support corporate expansion, and inculcate preferred ideological orientations. By uncovering industrial television as a prolific sphere of media practice—one that continually sought to reshape the technology’s cultural meanings, affordances, and uses—Television at Work positions the medium at the heart of Post-Fordist experiments into reconfiguring the American workplace and advancing understandings of labor that increasingly revolved around dehumanized technological systems and information flows.
Erika Balsom
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780231176934
- eISBN:
- 9780231543125
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176934.003.0009
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Chapter 8 revisits the utopian moment of exhibiting experimental film and video art on television in light of contemporary efforts to develop authorized platforms for the distribution of artists’ ...
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Chapter 8 revisits the utopian moment of exhibiting experimental film and video art on television in light of contemporary efforts to develop authorized platforms for the distribution of artists’ moving image on the Internet. This chapter turns to the life and legacy of the late-night programs Screening Room (1971–81) and Midnight Underground (1993–97), comparing and contrasting the broadcasting model with the recent narrowcasting initiative Vdrome, www.vdrome.org, which shows a single artists’ video for a limited period of time, usually ten days.Less
Chapter 8 revisits the utopian moment of exhibiting experimental film and video art on television in light of contemporary efforts to develop authorized platforms for the distribution of artists’ moving image on the Internet. This chapter turns to the life and legacy of the late-night programs Screening Room (1971–81) and Midnight Underground (1993–97), comparing and contrasting the broadcasting model with the recent narrowcasting initiative Vdrome, www.vdrome.org, which shows a single artists’ video for a limited period of time, usually ten days.
Scot T. Refsland, Marc Tuters, and Jim Cooley
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262033534
- eISBN:
- 9780262269742
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262033534.003.0021
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
Location-aware wireless devices are expected to provide an immersive experience whereby users will be able to browse layers of digital information encoded to a particular place. On the other hand, ...
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Location-aware wireless devices are expected to provide an immersive experience whereby users will be able to browse layers of digital information encoded to a particular place. On the other hand, pervasive location-awareness also raises the possibility of tracking a user wherever there is a service signal, a scenario that has sparked considerable debate among media artists, who are often early adopters/explorers of the field known as “locative media.” This chapter describes applications for mobile computing and virtual heritage, and examines how locative media in the context of virtual heritage creates the notion of a collaborative mapping of space, along with the intelligent social filtering or “narrowcasting” of that space. It also discusses the concept of geo-storytelling and spatial culture as well as media ecology.Less
Location-aware wireless devices are expected to provide an immersive experience whereby users will be able to browse layers of digital information encoded to a particular place. On the other hand, pervasive location-awareness also raises the possibility of tracking a user wherever there is a service signal, a scenario that has sparked considerable debate among media artists, who are often early adopters/explorers of the field known as “locative media.” This chapter describes applications for mobile computing and virtual heritage, and examines how locative media in the context of virtual heritage creates the notion of a collaborative mapping of space, along with the intelligent social filtering or “narrowcasting” of that space. It also discusses the concept of geo-storytelling and spatial culture as well as media ecology.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226473642
- eISBN:
- 9780226473673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226473673.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Elite polarization clarifies the positions Democrats and Republicans take on the issues of the day through two mechanisms: by increasing the ideological distance between the parties and by making ...
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Elite polarization clarifies the positions Democrats and Republicans take on the issues of the day through two mechanisms: by increasing the ideological distance between the parties and by making each party more ideologically homogeneous. Voters look to elites who share their values to determine where they should stand on the issues. When both parties take very similar positions on an issue, aligning one's partisanship and issue position becomes a little difficult. In contrast, this cue-taking process is much simpler when the parties take more distinct positions. This chapter explores the theoretical mechanism linking the polarization of political elites to voter sorting. It discusses the impact of two particular media changes on sorting: the increase in media choice and in narrowcasting. It also assesses the positions of the presidential nominees and members of Congress, focusing on Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush.Less
Elite polarization clarifies the positions Democrats and Republicans take on the issues of the day through two mechanisms: by increasing the ideological distance between the parties and by making each party more ideologically homogeneous. Voters look to elites who share their values to determine where they should stand on the issues. When both parties take very similar positions on an issue, aligning one's partisanship and issue position becomes a little difficult. In contrast, this cue-taking process is much simpler when the parties take more distinct positions. This chapter explores the theoretical mechanism linking the polarization of political elites to voter sorting. It discusses the impact of two particular media changes on sorting: the increase in media choice and in narrowcasting. It also assesses the positions of the presidential nominees and members of Congress, focusing on Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush.
Kit Hughes
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190855789
- eISBN:
- 9780190855826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190855789.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Chapter 5 (keyword: narrowcasting) explores the development of private satellite networks to manage distributed workforces in the context of globalization and a “cultural turn” in popular management ...
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Chapter 5 (keyword: narrowcasting) explores the development of private satellite networks to manage distributed workforces in the context of globalization and a “cultural turn” in popular management theories. The late 1980s saw the proliferation of industry-focused subscription channels (e.g., geared toward insurers) and internal “networks” housed by a single company (e.g., Hewlett Packard). Two case studies (Johnson Controls and Steelcase) show how businesses used television to target worker identity in a bid to usurp other modes of affiliation (the nation, class) within the unstable employment environment of the 1980s and 1990s. This is the other side of the multichannel era: the creative deployment of employees as niche audiences. At the same time that post-national consumer identities became lucrative as a means of gathering and selling audiences on the diverse products of flexible specialization, proper cultural management of worker identity supported companies’ profit-maximization strategies (often based in cuts to employees’ material welfare).Less
Chapter 5 (keyword: narrowcasting) explores the development of private satellite networks to manage distributed workforces in the context of globalization and a “cultural turn” in popular management theories. The late 1980s saw the proliferation of industry-focused subscription channels (e.g., geared toward insurers) and internal “networks” housed by a single company (e.g., Hewlett Packard). Two case studies (Johnson Controls and Steelcase) show how businesses used television to target worker identity in a bid to usurp other modes of affiliation (the nation, class) within the unstable employment environment of the 1980s and 1990s. This is the other side of the multichannel era: the creative deployment of employees as niche audiences. At the same time that post-national consumer identities became lucrative as a means of gathering and selling audiences on the diverse products of flexible specialization, proper cultural management of worker identity supported companies’ profit-maximization strategies (often based in cuts to employees’ material welfare).
Lyn Ragsdale and Jerrold G. Rusk
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190670702
- eISBN:
- 9780190670740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670702.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
Abstract: This chapter examines the period after Watergate, during which nonvoting increased. The chapter finds that the introduction of cable television into American homes was principally ...
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Abstract: This chapter examines the period after Watergate, during which nonvoting increased. The chapter finds that the introduction of cable television into American homes was principally associated with this increase. With cable television, people could avoid politics by selecting channels that were expressly not political. In contrast, the uncertainty defined by the stagflation of the period—in which both inflation and unemployment increased in tandem—reduced nonvoting. The chapter also considers youth nonvoting in depth. The chapter continues the analysis of nonvoting at the individual level, confirming that the less people know about the campaign context and the less they make judgments about the candidates, the more likely they will be nonvoters.Less
Abstract: This chapter examines the period after Watergate, during which nonvoting increased. The chapter finds that the introduction of cable television into American homes was principally associated with this increase. With cable television, people could avoid politics by selecting channels that were expressly not political. In contrast, the uncertainty defined by the stagflation of the period—in which both inflation and unemployment increased in tandem—reduced nonvoting. The chapter also considers youth nonvoting in depth. The chapter continues the analysis of nonvoting at the individual level, confirming that the less people know about the campaign context and the less they make judgments about the candidates, the more likely they will be nonvoters.
