Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as ...
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This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as an isolated place, in which folk music was limited only to Jews, the chapter reveals processes of change and transition. Jewish folk music facilitated and was the product of border crossing, particularly from a concern with the mythical past and to an historical engagement with the present. Jewish folk music practices and repertories were vastly different across Europe, weaving vernacular languages and myths together, while conveying distinctive cultural identities. The chapter includes numerous case studies of Jewish villages in the German Rhineland, on the borders of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and in rural Moravia and Romania. The “Seven Holy Cities” (sheva kehillot) of Burgenland, border region shared by Austria and Hungary, provide at rich set of specific case studies.Less
This chapter is the first of several in the first section of the book (“Places of Jewish Music”) that locate Jewish music on the landscapes of European modernity. Rather than treating the village as an isolated place, in which folk music was limited only to Jews, the chapter reveals processes of change and transition. Jewish folk music facilitated and was the product of border crossing, particularly from a concern with the mythical past and to an historical engagement with the present. Jewish folk music practices and repertories were vastly different across Europe, weaving vernacular languages and myths together, while conveying distinctive cultural identities. The chapter includes numerous case studies of Jewish villages in the German Rhineland, on the borders of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and in rural Moravia and Romania. The “Seven Holy Cities” (sheva kehillot) of Burgenland, border region shared by Austria and Hungary, provide at rich set of specific case studies.
Colin G Calloway
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195340129
- eISBN:
- 9780199867202
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340129.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book traces the historical experiences of Highland Scots and American Indians in dealing with colonial powers and with each other. It considers cultural similarities and identifies parallel ...
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This book traces the historical experiences of Highland Scots and American Indians in dealing with colonial powers and with each other. It considers cultural similarities and identifies parallel experiences, and shows how both groups were perceived and treated as tribal peoples. It traces their strategies of resistance and accommodation in dealing with colonialism, cultural assault, and economic transformation; their participation in colonial wars; their involvement and patterns of intermarriage in the fur trade; their dispossession during the era of the Highland Clearances and Indian Removals, and how they responded to new situations and changing attitudes. Highlanders and Indians fought, traded, and lived together. Many Highland Scots were expelled from their lands in the Highland Clearances; children of Highland Scots who had married Indian women were expelled from their lands in the Indian Removals. Highland names are common in Native American and First Nations communities today. In the vast colonial collision of North American history, tribal peoples from different sides of the Atlantic sometimes found much in common and ways to get along. But Highland Scots also settled on Native American lands and participated in empire-building. Their paths diverged as Highland Scots shed their tribal status in the eyes of the dominant society and took their place on the side of history's winners, a transformation in status denied to Indian people.Less
This book traces the historical experiences of Highland Scots and American Indians in dealing with colonial powers and with each other. It considers cultural similarities and identifies parallel experiences, and shows how both groups were perceived and treated as tribal peoples. It traces their strategies of resistance and accommodation in dealing with colonialism, cultural assault, and economic transformation; their participation in colonial wars; their involvement and patterns of intermarriage in the fur trade; their dispossession during the era of the Highland Clearances and Indian Removals, and how they responded to new situations and changing attitudes. Highlanders and Indians fought, traded, and lived together. Many Highland Scots were expelled from their lands in the Highland Clearances; children of Highland Scots who had married Indian women were expelled from their lands in the Indian Removals. Highland names are common in Native American and First Nations communities today. In the vast colonial collision of North American history, tribal peoples from different sides of the Atlantic sometimes found much in common and ways to get along. But Highland Scots also settled on Native American lands and participated in empire-building. Their paths diverged as Highland Scots shed their tribal status in the eyes of the dominant society and took their place on the side of history's winners, a transformation in status denied to Indian people.
Emily Baragwanath
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693979
- eISBN:
- 9780191745324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693979.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Herodotus articulates the continuing presence and relevance of myth in the world of the fifth century. This chapter begins by examining an episode near the end of the Histories, where Herodotus ...
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Herodotus articulates the continuing presence and relevance of myth in the world of the fifth century. This chapter begins by examining an episode near the end of the Histories, where Herodotus appropriates local, oral mythological traditions in the form of a story about Helen of Troy (9.73). Herodotus' presentation reveals the role of mythic discourse in shaping fifth-century events as well as drawing out wider points about historical processes. The chapter then goes on to address the more sustained and complex example of Mardonius' self-mythicising image, where reference to the mythic past is inflected through the Panhellenic poetic genres of epic and tragedy, and the questions it raises about the purposes and effects of mythic discourse on the twin levels of history and the historian's presentation.Less
Herodotus articulates the continuing presence and relevance of myth in the world of the fifth century. This chapter begins by examining an episode near the end of the Histories, where Herodotus appropriates local, oral mythological traditions in the form of a story about Helen of Troy (9.73). Herodotus' presentation reveals the role of mythic discourse in shaping fifth-century events as well as drawing out wider points about historical processes. The chapter then goes on to address the more sustained and complex example of Mardonius' self-mythicising image, where reference to the mythic past is inflected through the Panhellenic poetic genres of epic and tragedy, and the questions it raises about the purposes and effects of mythic discourse on the twin levels of history and the historian's presentation.
A. M. Bowie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693979
- eISBN:
- 9780191745324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693979.003.0012
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter considers the role that mythology plays in the later, somewhat more ‘historical’ part of Herodotus' work, to see whether there is anything qualitatively different in the way myth is used ...
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This chapter considers the role that mythology plays in the later, somewhat more ‘historical’ part of Herodotus' work, to see whether there is anything qualitatively different in the way myth is used in these books compared with the earlier ones. The novelty in the use of myth is to be seen in two principal ways. First, in the way in which, on Xerxes' march, mythology is not simply brought into the narrative to provide extra information about an event, person, or place, but to provide a running commentary on the religious and moral quality of Xerxes' expedition: the myths that are mentioned all have a relevance to understanding the nature of that expedition. Secondly, myths take on a new function within the rhetorics of inter-national relations, being used in hostilely ‘protreptic’ and ‘eristic’ ways to promote a particular people's interests. It thus plays a major role in pointing up the deeply fissured nature of the Greek alliance: myth is not a source of unity.Less
This chapter considers the role that mythology plays in the later, somewhat more ‘historical’ part of Herodotus' work, to see whether there is anything qualitatively different in the way myth is used in these books compared with the earlier ones. The novelty in the use of myth is to be seen in two principal ways. First, in the way in which, on Xerxes' march, mythology is not simply brought into the narrative to provide extra information about an event, person, or place, but to provide a running commentary on the religious and moral quality of Xerxes' expedition: the myths that are mentioned all have a relevance to understanding the nature of that expedition. Secondly, myths take on a new function within the rhetorics of inter-national relations, being used in hostilely ‘protreptic’ and ‘eristic’ ways to promote a particular people's interests. It thus plays a major role in pointing up the deeply fissured nature of the Greek alliance: myth is not a source of unity.
Shai Ginsburg
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748620739
- eISBN:
- 9780748653102
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748620739.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter addresses the question of history and theory by examining one case study from the history of modern Hebrew literature in the context of Zionist nationalism, focusing on Moshe Shamir's ...
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This chapter addresses the question of history and theory by examining one case study from the history of modern Hebrew literature in the context of Zionist nationalism, focusing on Moshe Shamir's novel, He Walked in the Fields, which is as a whole an expression of a hegemonic Zionist ideology and culture. The critical reception of this novel is discussed in detail in this chapter as well. The chapter also addresses the issues of what determined the idealising reception of the novel and its protagonist, and what the functions of such a reception of the novel were, questions within two poles. First, it explores the novel as questioning, rather than reaffirming, the Zionist myth of the native Hebrew; and second, it juxtaposes the critical reception of the novel with the public reading of death and mourning in the young state of Israel, and between myth and history.Less
This chapter addresses the question of history and theory by examining one case study from the history of modern Hebrew literature in the context of Zionist nationalism, focusing on Moshe Shamir's novel, He Walked in the Fields, which is as a whole an expression of a hegemonic Zionist ideology and culture. The critical reception of this novel is discussed in detail in this chapter as well. The chapter also addresses the issues of what determined the idealising reception of the novel and its protagonist, and what the functions of such a reception of the novel were, questions within two poles. First, it explores the novel as questioning, rather than reaffirming, the Zionist myth of the native Hebrew; and second, it juxtaposes the critical reception of the novel with the public reading of death and mourning in the young state of Israel, and between myth and history.
Romila Thapar
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195637984
- eISBN:
- 9780199081912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195637984.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter assesses Western ideas about early Indian notions of time and history. At the turn of the eighteenth century, the theory emerged that the Indian sense of time was entirely cyclic, was ...
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This chapter assesses Western ideas about early Indian notions of time and history. At the turn of the eighteenth century, the theory emerged that the Indian sense of time was entirely cyclic, was tied into infinite recurring cycles, and did not therefore recognize historical change; and in the absence of a sense of history there was no differentiation between myth and history. Cyclic time was seen as diametrically opposite to linear time and linear time was associated with dialectical change. Two hundred years later, the received wisdom on the subject remains largely unchanged. The chapter discusses that constructions of time in early India are also linked to the study of astronomy and mathematics. It argues that the cyclic time too has a genesis and a termination and its dichotomy with linear time is not as distinct as it seems. Narratives in this period, therefore, have an underlying sense of time: it is sequential, moving from the earliest to the most recentLess
This chapter assesses Western ideas about early Indian notions of time and history. At the turn of the eighteenth century, the theory emerged that the Indian sense of time was entirely cyclic, was tied into infinite recurring cycles, and did not therefore recognize historical change; and in the absence of a sense of history there was no differentiation between myth and history. Cyclic time was seen as diametrically opposite to linear time and linear time was associated with dialectical change. Two hundred years later, the received wisdom on the subject remains largely unchanged. The chapter discusses that constructions of time in early India are also linked to the study of astronomy and mathematics. It argues that the cyclic time too has a genesis and a termination and its dichotomy with linear time is not as distinct as it seems. Narratives in this period, therefore, have an underlying sense of time: it is sequential, moving from the earliest to the most recent
Martin M. Winkler
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190252915
- eISBN:
- 9780190252939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190252915.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
The Introduction outlines the historical facts of the defeat of Varus and the pervasive susceptibility of historiography and biography to ideological uses and abuses even two millennia later. ...
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The Introduction outlines the historical facts of the defeat of Varus and the pervasive susceptibility of historiography and biography to ideological uses and abuses even two millennia later. Nationalists, primarily politicians but also visual artists and authors, have turned to political distortions of the past as a matter of course. Later, technological advances have fundamentally altered this process. New visual mass media, especially the cinema, have decisively influenced modern views of the past by putting a distorted or simplified reconstruction of history before viewers’ eyes—sometimes blatantly, occasionally subtly, but almost always effectively.Less
The Introduction outlines the historical facts of the defeat of Varus and the pervasive susceptibility of historiography and biography to ideological uses and abuses even two millennia later. Nationalists, primarily politicians but also visual artists and authors, have turned to political distortions of the past as a matter of course. Later, technological advances have fundamentally altered this process. New visual mass media, especially the cinema, have decisively influenced modern views of the past by putting a distorted or simplified reconstruction of history before viewers’ eyes—sometimes blatantly, occasionally subtly, but almost always effectively.
Oliver P. Rafferty
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097317
- eISBN:
- 9781781708569
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097317.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The introduction initially sets out the main theoretical issues that the topic of Irish Catholic identities gives rise to. It address ideas such as ‘historico-myth consciousness’, and asks if the ...
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The introduction initially sets out the main theoretical issues that the topic of Irish Catholic identities gives rise to. It address ideas such as ‘historico-myth consciousness’, and asks if the idea of myth is more truly representative of identity that the historical reality itself. Identities are constructed for purposes of inclusion and exclusion and such construction is the result of long and complex processes. For any given group these are predicated on common historical experiences but are also formed within the context of a literary articulation in any given culture. Having briefly addressed these and related topics the introduction then briefly summarises the chapters which follow.Less
The introduction initially sets out the main theoretical issues that the topic of Irish Catholic identities gives rise to. It address ideas such as ‘historico-myth consciousness’, and asks if the idea of myth is more truly representative of identity that the historical reality itself. Identities are constructed for purposes of inclusion and exclusion and such construction is the result of long and complex processes. For any given group these are predicated on common historical experiences but are also formed within the context of a literary articulation in any given culture. Having briefly addressed these and related topics the introduction then briefly summarises the chapters which follow.
Konstantinos P. Nikoloutsos (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199678921
- eISBN:
- 9780191760259
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199678921.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This book examines cinematic representations of ancient Greek women from the realms of myth and history, including Helen, Medea, Penelope, Clytemnestra, Iphigenia, Iole, Dianeira, Io, Gorgo, ...
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This book examines cinematic representations of ancient Greek women from the realms of myth and history, including Helen, Medea, Penelope, Clytemnestra, Iphigenia, Iole, Dianeira, Io, Gorgo, Olympias, and Cleopatra. The chapters assembled here discuss how these female figures are resurrected on the big screen at different historical junctures, and are embedded in a narrative that serves different purposes (aesthetic, socio-moral, political) depending on the director of the film, the screenwriter, the studio, the country of its origin, and the time of its production. Using a diverse array of hermeneutic approaches (gender theory, feminist criticism, gaze theory, psychoanalysis, sociological theories of religion, film history, viewer-response theory, and personal voice criticism), the chapters aim to cast light on cinema's investments in the classical past and decode the mechanisms whereby the women under examination are extracted from their original context and are brought to life to serve as vehicles for the articulation of modern ideas, concerns, and cultural trends. Binding the chapters together is the common goal to explore the dialectic of continuity and rupture that characterizes the appropriation of the women of Greek myth and history in the cinema. To this end, the volume as a whole investigates not only how antiquity on the screen distorts, compresses, contests, and revises antiquity on the page but also, more crucially, why the medium uses such eclectic representational strategies vis-à-vis the classical world.Less
This book examines cinematic representations of ancient Greek women from the realms of myth and history, including Helen, Medea, Penelope, Clytemnestra, Iphigenia, Iole, Dianeira, Io, Gorgo, Olympias, and Cleopatra. The chapters assembled here discuss how these female figures are resurrected on the big screen at different historical junctures, and are embedded in a narrative that serves different purposes (aesthetic, socio-moral, political) depending on the director of the film, the screenwriter, the studio, the country of its origin, and the time of its production. Using a diverse array of hermeneutic approaches (gender theory, feminist criticism, gaze theory, psychoanalysis, sociological theories of religion, film history, viewer-response theory, and personal voice criticism), the chapters aim to cast light on cinema's investments in the classical past and decode the mechanisms whereby the women under examination are extracted from their original context and are brought to life to serve as vehicles for the articulation of modern ideas, concerns, and cultural trends. Binding the chapters together is the common goal to explore the dialectic of continuity and rupture that characterizes the appropriation of the women of Greek myth and history in the cinema. To this end, the volume as a whole investigates not only how antiquity on the screen distorts, compresses, contests, and revises antiquity on the page but also, more crucially, why the medium uses such eclectic representational strategies vis-à-vis the classical world.
