Xiaoyu Pu
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503606838
- eISBN:
- 9781503607866
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503606838.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter describes China’s multiple identities and audiences in detail. China’s identities include that of socialist country, developing country, both emerging and established great power, and ...
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This chapter describes China’s multiple identities and audiences in detail. China’s identities include that of socialist country, developing country, both emerging and established great power, and quasi superpower, and its audiences include the domestic, regional, global South, and Western domains. While China certainly intends to build a positive image, the country has multiple incentives to project different images. This chapter illuminates the various motivations of China’s signaling behaviors.Less
This chapter describes China’s multiple identities and audiences in detail. China’s identities include that of socialist country, developing country, both emerging and established great power, and quasi superpower, and its audiences include the domestic, regional, global South, and Western domains. While China certainly intends to build a positive image, the country has multiple incentives to project different images. This chapter illuminates the various motivations of China’s signaling behaviors.
Moeed Yusuf
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503604858
- eISBN:
- 9781503606555
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503604858.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Drawing on the case studies, this chapter examines the applicability of brokered bargaining in South Asia’s first decade of overt nuclearization and its implications for crisis stability. In each ...
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Drawing on the case studies, this chapter examines the applicability of brokered bargaining in South Asia’s first decade of overt nuclearization and its implications for crisis stability. In each crisis, the concern about escalation forced the United States and other strong states to engage, largely unsolicited, and use a mix of rewards and threats with the regional rivals to achieve de-escalation. Both India and Pakistan eagerly engaged the third-party and oscillated between manipulating the risk of war and deferring to its preferences to gain its support. The process encompassing this dynamic interaction explained both the specific choices and the overall crisis behavior of the three actors. Escalation risks due to the “moral hazard problem,” the “multiple-audience problem,” and the peacetime policy choices of the antagonists and the United States were present.Less
Drawing on the case studies, this chapter examines the applicability of brokered bargaining in South Asia’s first decade of overt nuclearization and its implications for crisis stability. In each crisis, the concern about escalation forced the United States and other strong states to engage, largely unsolicited, and use a mix of rewards and threats with the regional rivals to achieve de-escalation. Both India and Pakistan eagerly engaged the third-party and oscillated between manipulating the risk of war and deferring to its preferences to gain its support. The process encompassing this dynamic interaction explained both the specific choices and the overall crisis behavior of the three actors. Escalation risks due to the “moral hazard problem,” the “multiple-audience problem,” and the peacetime policy choices of the antagonists and the United States were present.
Craige Champion
William Joseph Sanders (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520237643
- eISBN:
- 9780520929890
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520237643.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
Polybius was a Greek statesman and political prisoner of Rome in the second century bce. His Histories provide the earliest continuous narrative of the rise of the Roman Empire. This study, informed ...
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Polybius was a Greek statesman and political prisoner of Rome in the second century bce. His Histories provide the earliest continuous narrative of the rise of the Roman Empire. This study, informed by recent work in cultural studies and on ethnicity, demonstrates that Polybius'ss work performs a literary and political balancing act of heretofore-unappreciated subtlety and interest. It shows how Polybius contrived to tailor his historiography for multiple audiences, comprising his fellow Greeks, whose freedom Rome had usurped in his own generation, and the Roman conquerors. The author focuses primarily on the ideological presuppositions and predispositions of Polybius'ss different audiences in order to interpret the apparent contradictions and incongruities in his text. In this way he develops a “politics of cultural indeterminacy” in which Polybius's collective representations of political and ethnic groups have different meanings for different audiences in different contexts. Situating these representations in the ideological, political, and historical contexts from which they arose, the book affords insights into a work whose subtlety and complexity have gone largely unrecognized.Less
Polybius was a Greek statesman and political prisoner of Rome in the second century bce. His Histories provide the earliest continuous narrative of the rise of the Roman Empire. This study, informed by recent work in cultural studies and on ethnicity, demonstrates that Polybius'ss work performs a literary and political balancing act of heretofore-unappreciated subtlety and interest. It shows how Polybius contrived to tailor his historiography for multiple audiences, comprising his fellow Greeks, whose freedom Rome had usurped in his own generation, and the Roman conquerors. The author focuses primarily on the ideological presuppositions and predispositions of Polybius'ss different audiences in order to interpret the apparent contradictions and incongruities in his text. In this way he develops a “politics of cultural indeterminacy” in which Polybius's collective representations of political and ethnic groups have different meanings for different audiences in different contexts. Situating these representations in the ideological, political, and historical contexts from which they arose, the book affords insights into a work whose subtlety and complexity have gone largely unrecognized.
Amos N. Guiora
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199975907
- eISBN:
- 9780190260194
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199975907.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter reiterates the need for contemporary society to more proactively and effectively protect itself against the dangers posed by religious extremism. It proposes policy recommendations, ...
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This chapter reiterates the need for contemporary society to more proactively and effectively protect itself against the dangers posed by religious extremism. It proposes policy recommendations, predicated on the rule of law, that would counter the threats of religious extremism, mainly by curtailing freedom of religion and freedom of speech. Owing to the absolutism of religious extremism, the chapter suggests that people of faith should work in close cooperation with nonbelievers and decision makers to confront the danger posed by religious extremists. It advocates the so-called multiple audience theory, in which dilemmas and paradigms must be viewed from the perspective of particular audiences. In that regard, it argues that religious moderates, nonbelievers, and government have a common interest that they must protect by working together: to preserve our rights, liberties, and protections.Less
This chapter reiterates the need for contemporary society to more proactively and effectively protect itself against the dangers posed by religious extremism. It proposes policy recommendations, predicated on the rule of law, that would counter the threats of religious extremism, mainly by curtailing freedom of religion and freedom of speech. Owing to the absolutism of religious extremism, the chapter suggests that people of faith should work in close cooperation with nonbelievers and decision makers to confront the danger posed by religious extremists. It advocates the so-called multiple audience theory, in which dilemmas and paradigms must be viewed from the perspective of particular audiences. In that regard, it argues that religious moderates, nonbelievers, and government have a common interest that they must protect by working together: to preserve our rights, liberties, and protections.
