Jeremy D. Schmahmann and Deepak N. Pandya
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195104233
- eISBN:
- 9780199864294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104233.003.0014
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter discusses the results of the investigation of the extreme capsule (EmC) of rhesus monkey brains. It shows that the EmC is the principal association pathway linking the middle superior ...
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This chapter discusses the results of the investigation of the extreme capsule (EmC) of rhesus monkey brains. It shows that the EmC is the principal association pathway linking the middle superior temporal region with the caudal parts of the orbital cortex and the ventral-lateral prefrontal cortex. In addition to carrying these long association fiber connections, the fibers destined for the claustrum from the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes also traverse the EmC.Less
This chapter discusses the results of the investigation of the extreme capsule (EmC) of rhesus monkey brains. It shows that the EmC is the principal association pathway linking the middle superior temporal region with the caudal parts of the orbital cortex and the ventral-lateral prefrontal cortex. In addition to carrying these long association fiber connections, the fibers destined for the claustrum from the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes also traverse the EmC.
Jeremy D. Schmahmann and Deepak N. Pandya
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195104233
- eISBN:
- 9780199864294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104233.003.0015
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter discusses the results of the investigation of the middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF) of rhesus monkey brains. Observations confirm the presence of the MdLF pathway that lies in the ...
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This chapter discusses the results of the investigation of the middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF) of rhesus monkey brains. Observations confirm the presence of the MdLF pathway that lies in the white matter of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and extends from the caudal end of the STG to the temporal pole. In addition to the fibers within the MdLF that arise in the caudal inferior parietal lobule and terminate in the STG and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus, researchers observed that the MdLF conveys fibers from the caudal cingulated gyrus and the middle sector of the parahippocampal gyrus toward the multimodal cortex (area TPO and PGa) in the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus. Further, the MdLF links caudal with rostral sectors within the superior temporal region itself. In addition, fibers arise from the lateral and orbital prefrontal cortices and travel caudally first in the extreme capsule, and then within the MdLF to terminate in area TPO.Less
This chapter discusses the results of the investigation of the middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF) of rhesus monkey brains. Observations confirm the presence of the MdLF pathway that lies in the white matter of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and extends from the caudal end of the STG to the temporal pole. In addition to the fibers within the MdLF that arise in the caudal inferior parietal lobule and terminate in the STG and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus, researchers observed that the MdLF conveys fibers from the caudal cingulated gyrus and the middle sector of the parahippocampal gyrus toward the multimodal cortex (area TPO and PGa) in the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus. Further, the MdLF links caudal with rostral sectors within the superior temporal region itself. In addition, fibers arise from the lateral and orbital prefrontal cortices and travel caudally first in the extreme capsule, and then within the MdLF to terminate in area TPO.
Jeremy D. Schmahmann and Deepak N. Pandya
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195104233
- eISBN:
- 9780199864294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104233.003.0023
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques, Disorders of the Nervous System
In addition to the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, there are three other fiber systems that link the ventral limbic and paralimbic regions across the hemispheres. In the present study, only ...
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In addition to the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, there are three other fiber systems that link the ventral limbic and paralimbic regions across the hemispheres. In the present study, only Case 13 showed fibers in one of these commissures. This chapter focuses on hippocampal commissures. It theorizes that their role may be related, at least in part, to declarative learning and memory, which have been shown to depend on the integrity of structures in the medial temporal lobe that are linked by these commissures.Less
In addition to the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, there are three other fiber systems that link the ventral limbic and paralimbic regions across the hemispheres. In the present study, only Case 13 showed fibers in one of these commissures. This chapter focuses on hippocampal commissures. It theorizes that their role may be related, at least in part, to declarative learning and memory, which have been shown to depend on the integrity of structures in the medial temporal lobe that are linked by these commissures.
Jeremy D. Schmahmann and Deepak N. Pandya
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195104233
- eISBN:
- 9780199864294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104233.003.0027
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter presents a series of diagrams of rostral to caudal coronal sections of the brain of a rhesus monkey that illustrate in a composite manner the association, commissural, projection, and ...
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This chapter presents a series of diagrams of rostral to caudal coronal sections of the brain of a rhesus monkey that illustrate in a composite manner the association, commissural, projection, and striatal fiber bundles. The fiber bundles are outlined on the coronal sections, and the fibers traveling within the bundles are color-coded according to the lobe in which they originate.Less
This chapter presents a series of diagrams of rostral to caudal coronal sections of the brain of a rhesus monkey that illustrate in a composite manner the association, commissural, projection, and striatal fiber bundles. The fiber bundles are outlined on the coronal sections, and the fibers traveling within the bundles are color-coded according to the lobe in which they originate.
Jeremy D. Schmahmann and Deepak N. Pandya
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195104233
- eISBN:
- 9780199864294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195104233.003.0004
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Techniques, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter presents the photomicrographs of the medial, lateral, and basal surfaces of the rhesus monkey cerebral hemisphere that researchers used as the template brain, to show the various sulci. ...
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This chapter presents the photomicrographs of the medial, lateral, and basal surfaces of the rhesus monkey cerebral hemisphere that researchers used as the template brain, to show the various sulci. Diagrams representing the medial, lateral, and basal surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere show the various architectonic areas, and photomicrographs of coronal sections of the template brain taken at the levels depicted on the lateral surface of the hemisphere are also shown. The chapter outlines the trajectories in the coronal plane of the various fiber pathways in the experimental cases 1 through 36 and all the summary diagrams correspond to the images shown in these photomicrographs. The photomicrographs also designate the location of the sulci and demarcate the borders of the architectonic areas referred to throughout this book.Less
This chapter presents the photomicrographs of the medial, lateral, and basal surfaces of the rhesus monkey cerebral hemisphere that researchers used as the template brain, to show the various sulci. Diagrams representing the medial, lateral, and basal surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere show the various architectonic areas, and photomicrographs of coronal sections of the template brain taken at the levels depicted on the lateral surface of the hemisphere are also shown. The chapter outlines the trajectories in the coronal plane of the various fiber pathways in the experimental cases 1 through 36 and all the summary diagrams correspond to the images shown in these photomicrographs. The photomicrographs also designate the location of the sulci and demarcate the borders of the architectonic areas referred to throughout this book.
Philip Lutgendorf
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195309225
- eISBN:
- 9780199785391
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309225.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This book offers a comprehensive introduction to one of the most beloved and widely worshiped of Hindu deities: the “monkey-god” Hanuman. It details the historical expansion of Hanuman's religious ...
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This book offers a comprehensive introduction to one of the most beloved and widely worshiped of Hindu deities: the “monkey-god” Hanuman. It details the historical expansion of Hanuman's religious status beyond his role as helper to Rama and Sita, the divine hero and heroine of the ancient Ramayana storytelling tradition. Additionally, it surveys contemporary popular literature and folklore through which Hanuman's mythological biography is celebrated, and describes a range of religious sites and practices that highlight different aspects of his persona. Emphasizing Hanuman's role as a “liminal” deity who combines animal, human, and divine qualities, and as a “middle-class” god within the Hindu pantheon, the book argues that such mediatory status has made Hanuman especially appealing to upwardly-mobile social groups as well as to Hindus of many sectarian persuasions.Less
This book offers a comprehensive introduction to one of the most beloved and widely worshiped of Hindu deities: the “monkey-god” Hanuman. It details the historical expansion of Hanuman's religious status beyond his role as helper to Rama and Sita, the divine hero and heroine of the ancient Ramayana storytelling tradition. Additionally, it surveys contemporary popular literature and folklore through which Hanuman's mythological biography is celebrated, and describes a range of religious sites and practices that highlight different aspects of his persona. Emphasizing Hanuman's role as a “liminal” deity who combines animal, human, and divine qualities, and as a “middle-class” god within the Hindu pantheon, the book argues that such mediatory status has made Hanuman especially appealing to upwardly-mobile social groups as well as to Hindus of many sectarian persuasions.
Philip Lutgendorf
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195309225
- eISBN:
- 9780199785391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309225.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter focuses on a theme implicit in much of the book: the relationship of Hanuman's simian form to the mediatory religious role he assumes and to the “messages” he so effectively delivers. It ...
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This chapter focuses on a theme implicit in much of the book: the relationship of Hanuman's simian form to the mediatory religious role he assumes and to the “messages” he so effectively delivers. It first considers the preoccupation of some modern Indian authors with the “problem” of Hanuman's monkey form, situating their interventions within colonial and post-colonial debates about history, race, and cultural and biological evolution. For comparative purposes, it surveys a wider range of human responses to anthropoid primates, including the cults of simian deities in Chinese and Japanese religions and the discourse of modern primatology. Returning to India, it considers Hanuman's role in modern Hindu nationalism and in the religious patronage of the emerging middle class. Finally, it examines evidence of Hanuman's continuing rise as a comprehensive and encompassing deity, signaled by new iconography and a proliferating theological discourse. An epilogue speculates on the potential for Hanuman's role in movements promoting ecology and environmental ethics.Less
This chapter focuses on a theme implicit in much of the book: the relationship of Hanuman's simian form to the mediatory religious role he assumes and to the “messages” he so effectively delivers. It first considers the preoccupation of some modern Indian authors with the “problem” of Hanuman's monkey form, situating their interventions within colonial and post-colonial debates about history, race, and cultural and biological evolution. For comparative purposes, it surveys a wider range of human responses to anthropoid primates, including the cults of simian deities in Chinese and Japanese religions and the discourse of modern primatology. Returning to India, it considers Hanuman's role in modern Hindu nationalism and in the religious patronage of the emerging middle class. Finally, it examines evidence of Hanuman's continuing rise as a comprehensive and encompassing deity, signaled by new iconography and a proliferating theological discourse. An epilogue speculates on the potential for Hanuman's role in movements promoting ecology and environmental ethics.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter summarizes the major features of previously unpublished recordings of red colobus vocalizations and speculates on their phylogenetic implications. It compares loud calls between taxa in ...
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This chapter summarizes the major features of previously unpublished recordings of red colobus vocalizations and speculates on their phylogenetic implications. It compares loud calls between taxa in terms of their function, stimulus situations, and sex of the vocalizer. Finally, it considers the possible semantic content of some of these vocalizations.Less
This chapter summarizes the major features of previously unpublished recordings of red colobus vocalizations and speculates on their phylogenetic implications. It compares loud calls between taxa in terms of their function, stimulus situations, and sex of the vocalizer. Finally, it considers the possible semantic content of some of these vocalizations.
Jay R. Kaplan and Stephen B. Manuck
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195324273
- eISBN:
- 9780199893966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324273.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter describes the history of the scientific collaboration between the authors, Jay Kaplan and Steve Manuck, which represents the pairing of two disciplines — physical anthropology ...
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This chapter describes the history of the scientific collaboration between the authors, Jay Kaplan and Steve Manuck, which represents the pairing of two disciplines — physical anthropology (primatology) (Kaplan) and psychology (Manuck). In a series of studies in cynomolgus monkeys, the researchers demonstrate that stressful circumstances and an individual's social position (status) within a group influence coronary artery atherosclerosis, the pathologic process that produces vulnerability to heart disease.Less
This chapter describes the history of the scientific collaboration between the authors, Jay Kaplan and Steve Manuck, which represents the pairing of two disciplines — physical anthropology (primatology) (Kaplan) and psychology (Manuck). In a series of studies in cynomolgus monkeys, the researchers demonstrate that stressful circumstances and an individual's social position (status) within a group influence coronary artery atherosclerosis, the pathologic process that produces vulnerability to heart disease.
Robert Porter and Roger Lemon
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198523758
- eISBN:
- 9780191724404
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523758.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
This book presents a comprehensive account of the regions of the brain that control the performance of skilled voluntary movements, especially the accurate and precise control of the use of the ...
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This book presents a comprehensive account of the regions of the brain that control the performance of skilled voluntary movements, especially the accurate and precise control of the use of the fingers and the hand by monkeys and humans. The significance of recent and clinical observations concerning the details of the cortico-cortical connections that contribute to the determination of these functions is discussed.Less
This book presents a comprehensive account of the regions of the brain that control the performance of skilled voluntary movements, especially the accurate and precise control of the use of the fingers and the hand by monkeys and humans. The significance of recent and clinical observations concerning the details of the cortico-cortical connections that contribute to the determination of these functions is discussed.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red ...
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Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees, and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.Less
Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees, and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.
Pat Willmer
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691128610
- eISBN:
- 9781400838943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0017
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter considers pollination by nonflying vertebrates and other oddities. It begins with a discussion of ectotherm vertebrates visiting flowers; these include fish, amphibians, and reptiles. ...
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This chapter considers pollination by nonflying vertebrates and other oddities. It begins with a discussion of ectotherm vertebrates visiting flowers; these include fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Fish are not recorded as flower visitors, but they are at least occasionally facilitators of the pollination process for shoreline pond plants, where they prey on animals that compete with or reduce pollinator populations. The chapter proceeds with an analysis of pollination by nonflying mammals such as marsupials, rodents, monkeys, and lemurs as well as flowers that they regularly visit, including ground-level (geoflorous) flowers and arboreal flowers. Finally, it examines pollination by unusual invertebrates ranging from snails and woodlice to land crabs and millipedes.Less
This chapter considers pollination by nonflying vertebrates and other oddities. It begins with a discussion of ectotherm vertebrates visiting flowers; these include fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Fish are not recorded as flower visitors, but they are at least occasionally facilitators of the pollination process for shoreline pond plants, where they prey on animals that compete with or reduce pollinator populations. The chapter proceeds with an analysis of pollination by nonflying mammals such as marsupials, rodents, monkeys, and lemurs as well as flowers that they regularly visit, including ground-level (geoflorous) flowers and arboreal flowers. Finally, it examines pollination by unusual invertebrates ranging from snails and woodlice to land crabs and millipedes.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Members of the Colobinae subfamily of Old World monkeys occur in both Africa and Asia. The red colobus monkeys are one of three major groups of colobine monkeys in Africa, that is, red, olive, and ...
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Members of the Colobinae subfamily of Old World monkeys occur in both Africa and Asia. The red colobus monkeys are one of three major groups of colobine monkeys in Africa, that is, red, olive, and black-and-white colobus. This chapter summarizes the biological attributes of red colobus. Topics discussed include paleontology, intrataxon variation in colour, facial colour, and taxonomy.Less
Members of the Colobinae subfamily of Old World monkeys occur in both Africa and Asia. The red colobus monkeys are one of three major groups of colobine monkeys in Africa, that is, red, olive, and black-and-white colobus. This chapter summarizes the biological attributes of red colobus. Topics discussed include paleontology, intrataxon variation in colour, facial colour, and taxonomy.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
An understanding of the parameters affecting intra-and intertaxa demographic variation is critical to both the applied and theoretical evaluation of this variation, such as in the development of ...
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An understanding of the parameters affecting intra-and intertaxa demographic variation is critical to both the applied and theoretical evaluation of this variation, such as in the development of conservation management plans and hypotheses regarding primate evolution. Ecological correlates of demography include variables that are likely to reflect the abundance and spatial and temporal distribution of food, such as gross habitat type; forest patch size; extent of habitat degradation (usually human induced); tree species richness, size (dbh) and density of food trees; energetics as they relate to climate (altitude and latitude); phenology of food species; chemical composition of food (nutrients and secondary defense compounds); spatial distribution of food (dispersion indices); and potential competition (intragroup, intergroup, and interspecific). Social factors are also thought to influence demography. These appear to revolve around mating systems (e.g., mate competition), intraspecific competition for food within and between groups, defence against predators, and possibly defence against infanticide. This chapter summarizes previous work and presents new data demonstrating the likely importance of some of these variables in explaining the demographic variability within and between taxa. Particular emphasis will be given to the highly dynamic nature of red colobus demography and how the relative importance of specific variables that influence group size and composition change over time and space.Less
An understanding of the parameters affecting intra-and intertaxa demographic variation is critical to both the applied and theoretical evaluation of this variation, such as in the development of conservation management plans and hypotheses regarding primate evolution. Ecological correlates of demography include variables that are likely to reflect the abundance and spatial and temporal distribution of food, such as gross habitat type; forest patch size; extent of habitat degradation (usually human induced); tree species richness, size (dbh) and density of food trees; energetics as they relate to climate (altitude and latitude); phenology of food species; chemical composition of food (nutrients and secondary defense compounds); spatial distribution of food (dispersion indices); and potential competition (intragroup, intergroup, and interspecific). Social factors are also thought to influence demography. These appear to revolve around mating systems (e.g., mate competition), intraspecific competition for food within and between groups, defence against predators, and possibly defence against infanticide. This chapter summarizes previous work and presents new data demonstrating the likely importance of some of these variables in explaining the demographic variability within and between taxa. Particular emphasis will be given to the highly dynamic nature of red colobus demography and how the relative importance of specific variables that influence group size and composition change over time and space.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter presents a brief and generalized overview of red colobus social organization. Most populations and taxa of red colobus live in large, multimale groups. Adult females typically outnumber ...
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This chapter presents a brief and generalized overview of red colobus social organization. Most populations and taxa of red colobus live in large, multimale groups. Adult females typically outnumber males. However, both group size and adult sex ratios are highly variable. Social groups are generally tolerant of one another and there is typically extensive overlap in home ranges. The extent of this overlap seems to depend on population density. Social interactions between groups can, however, involve aggression, ranging from spatial supplantations to fights where adult males inflict wounds on one another. Intergroup aggression is typically restricted to adult males. In some taxa, dispersal is female-biased, whereas in others both sexes disperse.Less
This chapter presents a brief and generalized overview of red colobus social organization. Most populations and taxa of red colobus live in large, multimale groups. Adult females typically outnumber males. However, both group size and adult sex ratios are highly variable. Social groups are generally tolerant of one another and there is typically extensive overlap in home ranges. The extent of this overlap seems to depend on population density. Social interactions between groups can, however, involve aggression, ranging from spatial supplantations to fights where adult males inflict wounds on one another. Intergroup aggression is typically restricted to adult males. In some taxa, dispersal is female-biased, whereas in others both sexes disperse.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter describes the intragroup social behaviour of red colobus, including grooming, reproduction, aggression, and miscellaneous behaviour. Most of the information comes from the detailed and ...
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This chapter describes the intragroup social behaviour of red colobus, including grooming, reproduction, aggression, and miscellaneous behaviour. Most of the information comes from the detailed and long-term studies of two social groups of tephrosceles in Kibale. Results from the Kibale studies are compared with the only other taxa for which there are details on these topics, i.e., temminckii, badius, rufomitratus, and kirkii. The sections pertaining to reproduction deal with more than behaviour. They present information and conclusions regarding a wide range of subjects related to reproduction, such as the timing of births, interbirth intervals (IBIs), reproductive success and its relation to dominance status, age of sexual maturity, sexual swellings, twinning, etc.Less
This chapter describes the intragroup social behaviour of red colobus, including grooming, reproduction, aggression, and miscellaneous behaviour. Most of the information comes from the detailed and long-term studies of two social groups of tephrosceles in Kibale. Results from the Kibale studies are compared with the only other taxa for which there are details on these topics, i.e., temminckii, badius, rufomitratus, and kirkii. The sections pertaining to reproduction deal with more than behaviour. They present information and conclusions regarding a wide range of subjects related to reproduction, such as the timing of births, interbirth intervals (IBIs), reproductive success and its relation to dominance status, age of sexual maturity, sexual swellings, twinning, etc.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
An understanding of ecology is fundamental to the development of conservation management plans and theories that relate behaviour and social organization to the environment. This chapter deals with ...
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An understanding of ecology is fundamental to the development of conservation management plans and theories that relate behaviour and social organization to the environment. This chapter deals with the basics of red colobus ecology, including diet, activity budgets, home range, daily travel distance (DTD), causes of mortality (disease, falls, and predation), and interspecific relationships other than with predators.Less
An understanding of ecology is fundamental to the development of conservation management plans and theories that relate behaviour and social organization to the environment. This chapter deals with the basics of red colobus ecology, including diet, activity budgets, home range, daily travel distance (DTD), causes of mortality (disease, falls, and predation), and interspecific relationships other than with predators.
Thomas T. Struhsaker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529583
- eISBN:
- 9780191712746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
As with most forest wildlife in Africa, the majority of red colobus taxa and their habitats are in dire straits. The rate of natural forest loss varies considerably between African countries, but for ...
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As with most forest wildlife in Africa, the majority of red colobus taxa and their habitats are in dire straits. The rate of natural forest loss varies considerably between African countries, but for nine countries with red colobus and for which estimates are available, the annual loss between 1990 and 2000 averaged 1.5% (0.1-3.3%). An even greater proportion of forest is degraded each year and no country in Africa has increased its forest cover. This chapter reviews the conservation status of 12 taxa of red colobus and discusses the problems they face.Less
As with most forest wildlife in Africa, the majority of red colobus taxa and their habitats are in dire straits. The rate of natural forest loss varies considerably between African countries, but for nine countries with red colobus and for which estimates are available, the annual loss between 1990 and 2000 averaged 1.5% (0.1-3.3%). An even greater proportion of forest is degraded each year and no country in Africa has increased its forest cover. This chapter reviews the conservation status of 12 taxa of red colobus and discusses the problems they face.
Michael Petrides
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195314274
- eISBN:
- 9780199786695
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314274.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
An important aspect of the control of behavior is the selection of appropriate action guided by learned conditional rules. This chapter reviews research showing that patients with unilateral frontal ...
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An important aspect of the control of behavior is the selection of appropriate action guided by learned conditional rules. This chapter reviews research showing that patients with unilateral frontal lesions are severely impaired in learning to select between competing actions based on conditional rules, although they can perform the individual actions. Studies of macaque monkeys have implicated the posterior part of the dorsolateral frontal region in the learning and performance of such conditional responses. More specifically, the rostral part of premotor area 6 is recruited when the task requires selection between distinct movements, whereas area 8 is involved in the selection between competing visual stimuli. Finally, the mid‐ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which plays a role in the active controlled retrieval of information from memory, may be involved during the early stages of conditional associative learning, when relations between stimuli and responses are still ambiguous.Less
An important aspect of the control of behavior is the selection of appropriate action guided by learned conditional rules. This chapter reviews research showing that patients with unilateral frontal lesions are severely impaired in learning to select between competing actions based on conditional rules, although they can perform the individual actions. Studies of macaque monkeys have implicated the posterior part of the dorsolateral frontal region in the learning and performance of such conditional responses. More specifically, the rostral part of premotor area 6 is recruited when the task requires selection between distinct movements, whereas area 8 is involved in the selection between competing visual stimuli. Finally, the mid‐ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which plays a role in the active controlled retrieval of information from memory, may be involved during the early stages of conditional associative learning, when relations between stimuli and responses are still ambiguous.
Jonathan Wallis
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195314274
- eISBN:
- 9780199786695
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314274.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
A key part of goal‐directed behavior is the use of behavior‐guiding concepts and rules—an ability that is believed to have coevolved with the frontal lobe. The first part of the chapter examines the ...
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A key part of goal‐directed behavior is the use of behavior‐guiding concepts and rules—an ability that is believed to have coevolved with the frontal lobe. The first part of the chapter examines the neuronal processing of high‐level, abstract rules using a matching‐to‐sample task, and examines whether this ability is unique to the frontal lobe or extends to other brain structures, including the striatum, and posterior sensory areas, such as inferior temporal cortex. The second part contrasts this neuronal representation of abstract rules with the neuronal processing that occurs when macaque monkeys are making choices using more low‐level, open‐ended rules, such as maximizing reward or minimizing work.Less
A key part of goal‐directed behavior is the use of behavior‐guiding concepts and rules—an ability that is believed to have coevolved with the frontal lobe. The first part of the chapter examines the neuronal processing of high‐level, abstract rules using a matching‐to‐sample task, and examines whether this ability is unique to the frontal lobe or extends to other brain structures, including the striatum, and posterior sensory areas, such as inferior temporal cortex. The second part contrasts this neuronal representation of abstract rules with the neuronal processing that occurs when macaque monkeys are making choices using more low‐level, open‐ended rules, such as maximizing reward or minimizing work.
