Robin Le Poidevin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199265893
- eISBN:
- 9780191708619
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265893.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Do we ‘perceive’ time? In what sense does memory give us access to the past? Can photographs and paintings capture more than a single moment? What is ‘fictional time’? These apparently disparate ...
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Do we ‘perceive’ time? In what sense does memory give us access to the past? Can photographs and paintings capture more than a single moment? What is ‘fictional time’? These apparently disparate questions all concern the ways in which we represent aspects of time, in thought, experience, art, and fiction. They also raise fundamental problems for our philosophical understanding, both of mental representation, and of the nature of time itself. This book brings together issues in philosophy, psychology, aesthetics, and literary theory in examining the mechanisms underlying our representation of time in various media, and brings these to bear on metaphysical debates over the real nature of time. These debates concern questions over which aspects of time are genuinely part of time's intrinsic nature, and which, in some sense, are mind-dependent. Arguably, the most important debate concerns time's passage: does time pass in reality, or is the division of events into past, present and future simply a reflection of our temporal perspective — a result of the interaction between a ‘static’ world and minds capable of representing it? It is argued that contrary to what perception and memory lead us to suppose, time does not really pass, and this surprising conclusion can be reconciled with the characteristic features of temporal experience. The book goes on to consider the representation of time in art and fiction, and draws on the metaphysical and psychological themes previously discussed to cast light on the nature of depiction and fictional narrative.Less
Do we ‘perceive’ time? In what sense does memory give us access to the past? Can photographs and paintings capture more than a single moment? What is ‘fictional time’? These apparently disparate questions all concern the ways in which we represent aspects of time, in thought, experience, art, and fiction. They also raise fundamental problems for our philosophical understanding, both of mental representation, and of the nature of time itself. This book brings together issues in philosophy, psychology, aesthetics, and literary theory in examining the mechanisms underlying our representation of time in various media, and brings these to bear on metaphysical debates over the real nature of time. These debates concern questions over which aspects of time are genuinely part of time's intrinsic nature, and which, in some sense, are mind-dependent. Arguably, the most important debate concerns time's passage: does time pass in reality, or is the division of events into past, present and future simply a reflection of our temporal perspective — a result of the interaction between a ‘static’ world and minds capable of representing it? It is argued that contrary to what perception and memory lead us to suppose, time does not really pass, and this surprising conclusion can be reconciled with the characteristic features of temporal experience. The book goes on to consider the representation of time in art and fiction, and draws on the metaphysical and psychological themes previously discussed to cast light on the nature of depiction and fictional narrative.
Jason Ralph
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199214310
- eISBN:
- 9780191706615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214310.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter demonstrates how the Rome Statute creates a Court that is legally separate from the society of states. To the extent that it gives victims of core crimes a means of legal redress that ...
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This chapter demonstrates how the Rome Statute creates a Court that is legally separate from the society of states. To the extent that it gives victims of core crimes a means of legal redress that they would not otherwise have, the Statute helps to constitute ‘world’ as opposed to ‘international’ society. This claim is qualified by noting how the Court will in many respects be dependent on state support and by highlighting how the concessions that were made to the values of international society (i.e. sovereign consent and international order between states) complicates the Court's claim to be independent. As background to this analysis, the chapter summarises the various ways in which the English School have sought to define world society. It also describes how the UN Security Council's creation of ad hoc courts extended a ‘solidarist moment’, which was ultimately weakened by the charge of selective justice and the material costs of setting up and running such courts.Less
This chapter demonstrates how the Rome Statute creates a Court that is legally separate from the society of states. To the extent that it gives victims of core crimes a means of legal redress that they would not otherwise have, the Statute helps to constitute ‘world’ as opposed to ‘international’ society. This claim is qualified by noting how the Court will in many respects be dependent on state support and by highlighting how the concessions that were made to the values of international society (i.e. sovereign consent and international order between states) complicates the Court's claim to be independent. As background to this analysis, the chapter summarises the various ways in which the English School have sought to define world society. It also describes how the UN Security Council's creation of ad hoc courts extended a ‘solidarist moment’, which was ultimately weakened by the charge of selective justice and the material costs of setting up and running such courts.
Russell Hardin
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198290841
- eISBN:
- 9780191599415
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198290845.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The division of decisions into constitutional moments and post‐constitutional moments, with broad coordination on vague general issues in the former and often substantially more conflict over lesser ...
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The division of decisions into constitutional moments and post‐constitutional moments, with broad coordination on vague general issues in the former and often substantially more conflict over lesser issues in the latter, fits successful constitutional regimes. But in moments of crisis in a previously stable society or in a society in which the initial coordination is contrived or false, there maybe acute moments under the constitution that have the character of constitutional moments. Inability to coordinate then on broad general principles of order can mean the failure of constitutionalism and of democracy. Because it faces severe limits on its workability, democracy is not a panacea for politics. It works only on the margins of great issues on which there is broad consensus.Less
The division of decisions into constitutional moments and post‐constitutional moments, with broad coordination on vague general issues in the former and often substantially more conflict over lesser issues in the latter, fits successful constitutional regimes. But in moments of crisis in a previously stable society or in a society in which the initial coordination is contrived or false, there maybe acute moments under the constitution that have the character of constitutional moments. Inability to coordinate then on broad general principles of order can mean the failure of constitutionalism and of democracy. Because it faces severe limits on its workability, democracy is not a panacea for politics. It works only on the margins of great issues on which there is broad consensus.
Stephen Backhouse
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199604722
- eISBN:
- 9780191729324
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604722.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Philosophy of Religion
The book draws out the critique of Christian nationalism that is implicit throughout the thought of Søren Kierkegaard, an analysis that is inseparable from his wider aim of reintroducing Christianity ...
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The book draws out the critique of Christian nationalism that is implicit throughout the thought of Søren Kierkegaard, an analysis that is inseparable from his wider aim of reintroducing Christianity into Christendom. ‘Christian nationalism’ refers to the set of ideas in which belief in the development and superiority of one's national group is combined with, or underwritten by, Christian theology and practice. The book examines the nationalist theologies of H. L. Martensen and N. F. S. Grundtvig, important cultural leaders and contemporaries of Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard's response to their thought forms the backbone of his own philosophical and theological project, namely his attempt to form authentic Christian individuals through the use of ‘the moment’, ‘the leap’ and ‘contemporaneity’. This Kierkegaardian critique is brought into conversation with current political science theories of religious nationalism, and is expanded to address movements and theologies beyond the historical context of Kierkegaard's Golden Age Denmark. The implications of Kierkegaard's approach are undoubtedly radical and unsettling to politicians and church leaders alike, yet there is much to commend it to the reality of modern religious and social life. As a theological thinker keenly aware of the unique problems posed by Christendom, Kierkegaard's critique is timely for any Christian culture that is tempted to confuse its faith with patriotism or national affiliation.Less
The book draws out the critique of Christian nationalism that is implicit throughout the thought of Søren Kierkegaard, an analysis that is inseparable from his wider aim of reintroducing Christianity into Christendom. ‘Christian nationalism’ refers to the set of ideas in which belief in the development and superiority of one's national group is combined with, or underwritten by, Christian theology and practice. The book examines the nationalist theologies of H. L. Martensen and N. F. S. Grundtvig, important cultural leaders and contemporaries of Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard's response to their thought forms the backbone of his own philosophical and theological project, namely his attempt to form authentic Christian individuals through the use of ‘the moment’, ‘the leap’ and ‘contemporaneity’. This Kierkegaardian critique is brought into conversation with current political science theories of religious nationalism, and is expanded to address movements and theologies beyond the historical context of Kierkegaard's Golden Age Denmark. The implications of Kierkegaard's approach are undoubtedly radical and unsettling to politicians and church leaders alike, yet there is much to commend it to the reality of modern religious and social life. As a theological thinker keenly aware of the unique problems posed by Christendom, Kierkegaard's critique is timely for any Christian culture that is tempted to confuse its faith with patriotism or national affiliation.
Fred Campano and Dominick Salvatore
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195300918
- eISBN:
- 9780199783441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195300912.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Formulas for computing the most commonly used summary measure of income distribution are given. These include the mean, median, and mode. The methodology for computing shares of total income obtained ...
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Formulas for computing the most commonly used summary measure of income distribution are given. These include the mean, median, and mode. The methodology for computing shares of total income obtained by quantiles of income recipients, and the technique to graph the Lorenz curve and compute the Gini coefficient are described.Less
Formulas for computing the most commonly used summary measure of income distribution are given. These include the mean, median, and mode. The methodology for computing shares of total income obtained by quantiles of income recipients, and the technique to graph the Lorenz curve and compute the Gini coefficient are described.
Christian Gouriéroux and Alain Monfort
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198774754
- eISBN:
- 9780191596339
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198774753.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
Presents the GMM method in the static case and in the dynamic case. In the latter case, carefully distinguishes the method based on dynamic conditional moments and the method based on static ...
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Presents the GMM method in the static case and in the dynamic case. In the latter case, carefully distinguishes the method based on dynamic conditional moments and the method based on static conditional moments. Then, considers the simulated analogues of these methods and their asymptotic properties.Less
Presents the GMM method in the static case and in the dynamic case. In the latter case, carefully distinguishes the method based on dynamic conditional moments and the method based on static conditional moments. Then, considers the simulated analogues of these methods and their asymptotic properties.
Harry Suhl
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198528029
- eISBN:
- 9780191713545
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528029.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
Electrons in solids behave like microscopic bar magnets, and in certain solids these align to produce macroscopic magnetizations. This book deals with the dynamics of this magnetization field. It ...
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Electrons in solids behave like microscopic bar magnets, and in certain solids these align to produce macroscopic magnetizations. This book deals with the dynamics of this magnetization field. It addresses questions of microscopic mechanism only to the extent that residual interactions of the magnetic moments with other degrees of freedom of the host solid affect the dynamics, particularly the dissipative aspects. Several of these damping mechanisms are evaluated here for their effect on the equations of the magnetization dynamics. These dynamics are intrinsically nonlinear. This is important in the applications, particularly magnetic recording, which involves very large motion of the magnetization, well beyond the validity of linearized (small motion) approximations or limited extensions thereof. Therefore nonlinear solution methods are emphasized, but with only minimal use of numerical simulation.Less
Electrons in solids behave like microscopic bar magnets, and in certain solids these align to produce macroscopic magnetizations. This book deals with the dynamics of this magnetization field. It addresses questions of microscopic mechanism only to the extent that residual interactions of the magnetic moments with other degrees of freedom of the host solid affect the dynamics, particularly the dissipative aspects. Several of these damping mechanisms are evaluated here for their effect on the equations of the magnetization dynamics. These dynamics are intrinsically nonlinear. This is important in the applications, particularly magnetic recording, which involves very large motion of the magnetization, well beyond the validity of linearized (small motion) approximations or limited extensions thereof. Therefore nonlinear solution methods are emphasized, but with only minimal use of numerical simulation.
Charles P. Boyer and Krzysztof Galicki
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198564959
- eISBN:
- 9780191713712
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198564959.003.0009
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Geometry / Topology
This chapter presents known results concerning symmetries of Sasakian structures, including a detailed study of the Sasakian automorphisms and various deformations of Sasakian structures. Homogeneous ...
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This chapter presents known results concerning symmetries of Sasakian structures, including a detailed study of the Sasakian automorphisms and various deformations of Sasakian structures. Homogeneous Sasakian geometry is developed in parallel to the better known results concerning homogeneous contact manifolds. Finally, using the notion of contact moment maps, the Sasakian and contact analogues of the well known technique of symplectic reduction is developed. The chapter ends with in important application: a study of toric contact and toric Sasakian manifolds culminating in several Delzant-type results implying that the toric structure is determined by a polyedral cone and polytope, respectively.Less
This chapter presents known results concerning symmetries of Sasakian structures, including a detailed study of the Sasakian automorphisms and various deformations of Sasakian structures. Homogeneous Sasakian geometry is developed in parallel to the better known results concerning homogeneous contact manifolds. Finally, using the notion of contact moment maps, the Sasakian and contact analogues of the well known technique of symplectic reduction is developed. The chapter ends with in important application: a study of toric contact and toric Sasakian manifolds culminating in several Delzant-type results implying that the toric structure is determined by a polyedral cone and polytope, respectively.
Paul Crowther
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199210688
- eISBN:
- 9780191705762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199210688.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This chapter addresses a much neglected issue: the importance of the artwork's relation to the momentary. It begins with a phenomenology of the Moment and introduces its links to style, image, and ...
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This chapter addresses a much neglected issue: the importance of the artwork's relation to the momentary. It begins with a phenomenology of the Moment and introduces its links to style, image, and art. These links are then developed in much more detail through analysis of those arts of temporal realization, where perceptual or imaginative acquaintance with the image necessarily involves a linear temporal process. The contrasting way in which arts of spatial realization — most notably pictorial representation — relate to the Moment is investigated. It is argued that perspectival works have a privileged role. The chapter ends with a consideration of photography in relation to this role.Less
This chapter addresses a much neglected issue: the importance of the artwork's relation to the momentary. It begins with a phenomenology of the Moment and introduces its links to style, image, and art. These links are then developed in much more detail through analysis of those arts of temporal realization, where perceptual or imaginative acquaintance with the image necessarily involves a linear temporal process. The contrasting way in which arts of spatial realization — most notably pictorial representation — relate to the Moment is investigated. It is argued that perspectival works have a privileged role. The chapter ends with a consideration of photography in relation to this role.
R. E. Raab and O. L. de Lange
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567271
- eISBN:
- 9780191717970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567271.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
Multipole expansions are derived of the scalar and vector potentials at a point far from finite static charge and current distributions. Force, torque, and potential energy are expanded in multipole ...
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Multipole expansions are derived of the scalar and vector potentials at a point far from finite static charge and current distributions. Force, torque, and potential energy are expanded in multipole series for these distributions. Also expressed as multipole expansions are the electrodynamic potentials of time-dependent distributions, together with their far- and near-zone limits. Macroscopic media are then considered and macroscopic multipole moment densities introduced, in terms of which bound charge and current densities (both volume and surface) are expressed. The two volume densities are then used in Maxwell's equations to express D and H fields as multipole expansions. The origin dependence of multipole moments, a crucial feature in this book, is considered, and the use of traceless moments shown to be inapplicable in many instances.Less
Multipole expansions are derived of the scalar and vector potentials at a point far from finite static charge and current distributions. Force, torque, and potential energy are expanded in multipole series for these distributions. Also expressed as multipole expansions are the electrodynamic potentials of time-dependent distributions, together with their far- and near-zone limits. Macroscopic media are then considered and macroscopic multipole moment densities introduced, in terms of which bound charge and current densities (both volume and surface) are expressed. The two volume densities are then used in Maxwell's equations to express D and H fields as multipole expansions. The origin dependence of multipole moments, a crucial feature in this book, is considered, and the use of traceless moments shown to be inapplicable in many instances.
Aman Ullah
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198774471
- eISBN:
- 9780191601347
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198774478.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter derives techniques for obtaining exact and approximate moments of a function of random vector/matrix. A special case of the function considered is the ratio of quadratic forms, which ...
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This chapter derives techniques for obtaining exact and approximate moments of a function of random vector/matrix. A special case of the function considered is the ratio of quadratic forms, which contains a large class of econometric estimators and test statistics. Results are analysed for both the i.i.d and non-i.i.d observations, and for linear and nonlinear models.Less
This chapter derives techniques for obtaining exact and approximate moments of a function of random vector/matrix. A special case of the function considered is the ratio of quadratic forms, which contains a large class of econometric estimators and test statistics. Results are analysed for both the i.i.d and non-i.i.d observations, and for linear and nonlinear models.
Rosalyn Higgins
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198277712
- eISBN:
- 9780191598890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198277717.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
There are three reasons for linking Grotius to the UN. (1) The UN Charter deals with aspects of international law that are central to his writings. (2) In those areas, such as law of the sea, in ...
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There are three reasons for linking Grotius to the UN. (1) The UN Charter deals with aspects of international law that are central to his writings. (2) In those areas, such as law of the sea, in which the UN has assisted in the codification of international law, it is worth seeing whether it has adhered to Grotian principles. (3) The UN has a spirit and ethos similar to that inculcated by Grotius, the viability of which merits exploration. These three themes are examined with special reference to the jus ad bellum, the jus in bello, and the state's presumed monopoly on the use of force. The UN Charter, many years after it was written, still captures a ‘Grotian moment’.Less
There are three reasons for linking Grotius to the UN. (1) The UN Charter deals with aspects of international law that are central to his writings. (2) In those areas, such as law of the sea, in which the UN has assisted in the codification of international law, it is worth seeing whether it has adhered to Grotian principles. (3) The UN has a spirit and ethos similar to that inculcated by Grotius, the viability of which merits exploration. These three themes are examined with special reference to the jus ad bellum, the jus in bello, and the state's presumed monopoly on the use of force. The UN Charter, many years after it was written, still captures a ‘Grotian moment’.
B. V. A. Röling
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198277712
- eISBN:
- 9780191598890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198277717.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Many of Grotius's ideas are obsolete and even dangerous due to radical changes in the four centuries since his birth. In particular: (1) Technological change can call into question prevailing ...
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Many of Grotius's ideas are obsolete and even dangerous due to radical changes in the four centuries since his birth. In particular: (1) Technological change can call into question prevailing principles and rules, one case in point being the development of nuclear weapons, which has made Grotius's doctrine of just war dangerous. (2) The growth of international interdependence needs new international structures and new principles and rules of international law. (3) In the period since European decolonization, positive international law, based on conferences and treaties, and reflecting the interests of a wide range of states, has largely replaced the essentially European preoccupations and natural law thinking of Grotius’ time. Today at a ‘Grotian moment’, Grotius should be honoured not by adhering to his teaching but by recognizing his achievement in formulating a new law for a new time.Less
Many of Grotius's ideas are obsolete and even dangerous due to radical changes in the four centuries since his birth. In particular: (1) Technological change can call into question prevailing principles and rules, one case in point being the development of nuclear weapons, which has made Grotius's doctrine of just war dangerous. (2) The growth of international interdependence needs new international structures and new principles and rules of international law. (3) In the period since European decolonization, positive international law, based on conferences and treaties, and reflecting the interests of a wide range of states, has largely replaced the essentially European preoccupations and natural law thinking of Grotius’ time. Today at a ‘Grotian moment’, Grotius should be honoured not by adhering to his teaching but by recognizing his achievement in formulating a new law for a new time.
Christopher G. Small and Jinfang Wang
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198506881
- eISBN:
- 9780191709258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506881.003.0006
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
This chapter discusses the problem of root selection using artificial objective functions associated with an estimating function; the artificial likelihoods discussed in this chapter share many ...
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This chapter discusses the problem of root selection using artificial objective functions associated with an estimating function; the artificial likelihoods discussed in this chapter share many properties in common with a genuine likelihood function. The first approach is to project the log likelihood onto a subspace spanned by some functionally independent elementary estimating functions, resulting in an approximate objective function for the optimally combined estimating function using those elementary estimating functions. An objective function may also be defined by a path-dependent integration of an approximately conservative estimating function. A rather different approach is to define a quasi-likelihood by integrating the conservative part of a generalized Helmholtz decomposition of a non-conservative vector field induced by the underlying estimating function. This method applied to a linearization of the estimating function in the parameter then leads to a quadratic local likelihood function. Finally, the generalized method of moments and quadratic inference functions are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the problem of root selection using artificial objective functions associated with an estimating function; the artificial likelihoods discussed in this chapter share many properties in common with a genuine likelihood function. The first approach is to project the log likelihood onto a subspace spanned by some functionally independent elementary estimating functions, resulting in an approximate objective function for the optimally combined estimating function using those elementary estimating functions. An objective function may also be defined by a path-dependent integration of an approximately conservative estimating function. A rather different approach is to define a quasi-likelihood by integrating the conservative part of a generalized Helmholtz decomposition of a non-conservative vector field induced by the underlying estimating function. This method applied to a linearization of the estimating function in the parameter then leads to a quadratic local likelihood function. Finally, the generalized method of moments and quadratic inference functions are discussed.
David J. Gerber
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199228225
- eISBN:
- 9780191711350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228225.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Competition Law
This chapter ties together the preceding sections of the book. It takes a longer and broader view of the trajectories of national competition law experience and analyzes how they have been ...
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This chapter ties together the preceding sections of the book. It takes a longer and broader view of the trajectories of national competition law experience and analyzes how they have been intertwined with transnational competition law developments. These interrelationships shape the dynamics of global competition law development and, in order to be effective, any competition law regime for global markets must be based on them. The chapter evaluates the promise of global competition law development and the obstacles to creating a more effective legal framework for global economic relations. It concludes that the early 21st century represents a major point of transition in economic and political relations, and thus a ‘constitutional moment’ in which competition law can contribute to meeting human needs and enriching economic and political opportunities around the world.Less
This chapter ties together the preceding sections of the book. It takes a longer and broader view of the trajectories of national competition law experience and analyzes how they have been intertwined with transnational competition law developments. These interrelationships shape the dynamics of global competition law development and, in order to be effective, any competition law regime for global markets must be based on them. The chapter evaluates the promise of global competition law development and the obstacles to creating a more effective legal framework for global economic relations. It concludes that the early 21st century represents a major point of transition in economic and political relations, and thus a ‘constitutional moment’ in which competition law can contribute to meeting human needs and enriching economic and political opportunities around the world.
Norman F. Ramsey
- Published in print:
- 1986
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198520214
- eISBN:
- 9780191706325
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198520214.003.0003
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
Many molecular beam studies measure the interactions of nuclear spins, magnetic and electric moments with atomic and molecular fields. The basic theories and energy calculations for such interactions ...
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Many molecular beam studies measure the interactions of nuclear spins, magnetic and electric moments with atomic and molecular fields. The basic theories and energy calculations for such interactions are discussed in detail, including the effects of externally applied weak, intermediate, and strong fields.Less
Many molecular beam studies measure the interactions of nuclear spins, magnetic and electric moments with atomic and molecular fields. The basic theories and energy calculations for such interactions are discussed in detail, including the effects of externally applied weak, intermediate, and strong fields.
Alan Corney
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199211456
- eISBN:
- 9780191705915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211456.003.0018
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter develops the theory of the hyperfine structure of atoms involving nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. The Zeeman effect in weak, intermediate, and strong magnetic ...
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This chapter develops the theory of the hyperfine structure of atoms involving nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. The Zeeman effect in weak, intermediate, and strong magnetic fields is considered. The experimental measurement of the hyperfine structure of ground state atoms by the techniques of optical pumping, atomic beam magnetic resonance, and optical double resonance is explained. The caesium beam atomic clock, the importance of hyperfine structure experiments in hydrogen, and the investigation of hyperfine structure of excited states are discussed.Less
This chapter develops the theory of the hyperfine structure of atoms involving nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. The Zeeman effect in weak, intermediate, and strong magnetic fields is considered. The experimental measurement of the hyperfine structure of ground state atoms by the techniques of optical pumping, atomic beam magnetic resonance, and optical double resonance is explained. The caesium beam atomic clock, the importance of hyperfine structure experiments in hydrogen, and the investigation of hyperfine structure of excited states are discussed.
Geraldine Cousin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719061974
- eISBN:
- 9781781700976
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719061974.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
This book explores connections between theatre time, the historical moment, and fictional time. It argues that a crucial characteristic of contemporary British theatre is its preoccupation with ...
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This book explores connections between theatre time, the historical moment, and fictional time. It argues that a crucial characteristic of contemporary British theatre is its preoccupation with instability and danger, and traces images of catastrophe and loss in a wide range of recent plays and productions. The diversity of the texts that are examined is a major strength of the book. In addition to plays by contemporary dramatists, the book analyses staged adaptations of novels, and productions of plays by Euripides, Strindberg and Priestley. A key focus is Stephen Daldry's award-winning revival of Priestley's An Inspector Calls, which is discussed in relation both to other Priestley ‘time’ plays and to Caryl Churchill's apocalyptic Far Away. Lost children are a recurring motif. Bryony Lavery's Frozen, for example, is explored in the context of the Soham murders, which took place while the play was in production at the National Theatre, whilst three virtually simultaneous productions of Euripides' Hecuba are interpreted with regard to the Beslan massacre of schoolchildren.Less
This book explores connections between theatre time, the historical moment, and fictional time. It argues that a crucial characteristic of contemporary British theatre is its preoccupation with instability and danger, and traces images of catastrophe and loss in a wide range of recent plays and productions. The diversity of the texts that are examined is a major strength of the book. In addition to plays by contemporary dramatists, the book analyses staged adaptations of novels, and productions of plays by Euripides, Strindberg and Priestley. A key focus is Stephen Daldry's award-winning revival of Priestley's An Inspector Calls, which is discussed in relation both to other Priestley ‘time’ plays and to Caryl Churchill's apocalyptic Far Away. Lost children are a recurring motif. Bryony Lavery's Frozen, for example, is explored in the context of the Soham murders, which took place while the play was in production at the National Theatre, whilst three virtually simultaneous productions of Euripides' Hecuba are interpreted with regard to the Beslan massacre of schoolchildren.
Katherine Clarke
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199291083
- eISBN:
- 9780191710582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291083.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter focuses on a different form of evidence for the creation of the Athenian past, namely its public oratory. Through the public speeches of Demosthenes, Aeschines, and Isocrates, as well as ...
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This chapter focuses on a different form of evidence for the creation of the Athenian past, namely its public oratory. Through the public speeches of Demosthenes, Aeschines, and Isocrates, as well as of fragmentary texts, it examines the parameters of plausibility within which the orator was free to construct history, both buying into a commonly shared past and moulding that past for his audience. It considers whether orators favoured particular exemplary moments in history and, if so, whether these were the same as those which were dominant in local historiography. The orator, like the historian or the dramatist, played a vital role in helping the polis to formulate a past which was relevant to the present through its inclusion both of exemplary figures and events and of characteristics, which remained constant across time.Less
This chapter focuses on a different form of evidence for the creation of the Athenian past, namely its public oratory. Through the public speeches of Demosthenes, Aeschines, and Isocrates, as well as of fragmentary texts, it examines the parameters of plausibility within which the orator was free to construct history, both buying into a commonly shared past and moulding that past for his audience. It considers whether orators favoured particular exemplary moments in history and, if so, whether these were the same as those which were dominant in local historiography. The orator, like the historian or the dramatist, played a vital role in helping the polis to formulate a past which was relevant to the present through its inclusion both of exemplary figures and events and of characteristics, which remained constant across time.
Joy Connolly
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199212989
- eISBN:
- 9780191594205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212989.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter examines classical rhetoric's central role in the formation of early American cultural identity. It surveys classical education in eighteenth‐ and early nineteenth‐century America, ...
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This chapter examines classical rhetoric's central role in the formation of early American cultural identity. It surveys classical education in eighteenth‐ and early nineteenth‐century America, focusing on the way claims about the universalist appeal of eloquence and certain habits of elocution transformed the exemplary tradition of civic republican virtue into a lived stylistics of democracy. Inculcating a personal style of classical ‘simplicity’ and ‘naturalness’, classical rhetoric both reinforced notions of white male superiority and (through its own universalist claims) opened a way for women and people of colour to claim roles in civic life. In concluding, it argues that, like the imperfect or suicidal heroes dear to colonial and revolutionary Americans, rhetoric's status as an ethically and epistemologically suspect discourse reveals the dissonances and compromises resting at the heart of republican culture.Less
This chapter examines classical rhetoric's central role in the formation of early American cultural identity. It surveys classical education in eighteenth‐ and early nineteenth‐century America, focusing on the way claims about the universalist appeal of eloquence and certain habits of elocution transformed the exemplary tradition of civic republican virtue into a lived stylistics of democracy. Inculcating a personal style of classical ‘simplicity’ and ‘naturalness’, classical rhetoric both reinforced notions of white male superiority and (through its own universalist claims) opened a way for women and people of colour to claim roles in civic life. In concluding, it argues that, like the imperfect or suicidal heroes dear to colonial and revolutionary Americans, rhetoric's status as an ethically and epistemologically suspect discourse reveals the dissonances and compromises resting at the heart of republican culture.
