Peter Mackridge
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199214426
- eISBN:
- 9780191706721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214426.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics
This chapter discusses the linguistic theory and practice of the chief proponent of language reform at the time, Adamantios Korais (1748-1833). The origins of Korais' linguistic theory are traced to ...
More
This chapter discusses the linguistic theory and practice of the chief proponent of language reform at the time, Adamantios Korais (1748-1833). The origins of Korais' linguistic theory are traced to the work of 18th-century theorists, particularly Condillac. His proposals for the reform of the Modern Greek language are analysed in terms of the following: his worship of ancient Greek perfection; his defence of Modern Greek against the aspersions cast on it by the archaists; and his ‘correction’ of Modern Greek according to the morphological rules of Ancient Greek. The chapter ends with an assessment of Korais' contribution to the language question and an account of the impact of Korais' ideas on later developments. The assessment is broadly negative, because Korais lent his enormous prestige to the already existing habit of mixing the modern language with grammatical features of the ancient, thereby encouraging later Greeks to use yet more ancient features in their writing.Less
This chapter discusses the linguistic theory and practice of the chief proponent of language reform at the time, Adamantios Korais (1748-1833). The origins of Korais' linguistic theory are traced to the work of 18th-century theorists, particularly Condillac. His proposals for the reform of the Modern Greek language are analysed in terms of the following: his worship of ancient Greek perfection; his defence of Modern Greek against the aspersions cast on it by the archaists; and his ‘correction’ of Modern Greek according to the morphological rules of Ancient Greek. The chapter ends with an assessment of Korais' contribution to the language question and an account of the impact of Korais' ideas on later developments. The assessment is broadly negative, because Korais lent his enormous prestige to the already existing habit of mixing the modern language with grammatical features of the ancient, thereby encouraging later Greeks to use yet more ancient features in their writing.
Dimitris N. Maronitis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199288076
- eISBN:
- 9780191713439
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288076.003.0017
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter scrutinises intralingual translation in the wider context of interlingual translation, while focusing specifically on the translation of ancient Greek texts into modern Greek. In the ...
More
This chapter scrutinises intralingual translation in the wider context of interlingual translation, while focusing specifically on the translation of ancient Greek texts into modern Greek. In the process, it sheds light on certain problems and dilemmas that interlingual translation has bequeathed to intralingual translation, both on a theoretical and a practical level, such as: a) the degree of translatability of classical texts; b) the conventional distinctions between scholarly, word-for-word translations and freer, literary ones; and c) the dilemma between a ‘retrospectively’ linguistic and stylistic translation, and a synchronic translation. The chapter also attempts to sketch, classify, and comment upon the long history of intralingual translation from Greek antiquity to the present day, and to discuss in detail the ideologically motivated comparisons of and conflicts between ancient and modern Greek with particular reference to intralinguistic translations. It draws attention to and exemplifies certain positive and certain negative or problematic aspects of intralingual translation, as the latter has been and is still practised in the educational, academic, and public space of modern Greece.Less
This chapter scrutinises intralingual translation in the wider context of interlingual translation, while focusing specifically on the translation of ancient Greek texts into modern Greek. In the process, it sheds light on certain problems and dilemmas that interlingual translation has bequeathed to intralingual translation, both on a theoretical and a practical level, such as: a) the degree of translatability of classical texts; b) the conventional distinctions between scholarly, word-for-word translations and freer, literary ones; and c) the dilemma between a ‘retrospectively’ linguistic and stylistic translation, and a synchronic translation. The chapter also attempts to sketch, classify, and comment upon the long history of intralingual translation from Greek antiquity to the present day, and to discuss in detail the ideologically motivated comparisons of and conflicts between ancient and modern Greek with particular reference to intralinguistic translations. It draws attention to and exemplifies certain positive and certain negative or problematic aspects of intralingual translation, as the latter has been and is still practised in the educational, academic, and public space of modern Greece.
Peter Mackridge
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199214426
- eISBN:
- 9780191706721
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214426.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics
This book provides a history of the great language controversy that has occupied and impassioned Greeks — sometimes with fatal results — for over two hundred years. It begins in the late 18th century ...
More
This book provides a history of the great language controversy that has occupied and impassioned Greeks — sometimes with fatal results — for over two hundred years. It begins in the late 18th century when a group of Greek intellectuals sought to develop a new, Hellenic, national identity alongside the traditional identity supplied by Orthodox Christianity. The ensuing controversy focused on the language, fuelled by a desire to develop a form of Greek that expressed the Greeks' relationship to the ancients, and by the different groups'contrasting notions of what the national image so embodied should be. The purists wanted a written language close to the ancient. The vernacularists — later known as demoticists — sought to match written language to spoken, claiming the latter to be the product of the unbroken development of Greek since the time of Homer. The book explores the political, social, and linguistic causes and effects of the controversy in its many manifestations. Drawing on a wide range of evidence from literature, language, history, and anthropology, it traces its effects on spoken and written varieties of Greek and shows its impact on those in use today. The book describes the efforts of linguistic elites and the state to achieve language standardization and independence from languages such as Turkish, Albanian, Vlach, and Slavonic. The sense of national and linguistic identity that has been inculcated into generations of Greeks since the start of the War of Independence in 1821 has, in the last twenty-five years, received blows from which it may not recover. Immigration from Eastern Europe and elsewhere has introduced new populations whose religions, languages, and cultures are transforming Greece into a country quite different from what it has been and from what it once aspired to be.Less
This book provides a history of the great language controversy that has occupied and impassioned Greeks — sometimes with fatal results — for over two hundred years. It begins in the late 18th century when a group of Greek intellectuals sought to develop a new, Hellenic, national identity alongside the traditional identity supplied by Orthodox Christianity. The ensuing controversy focused on the language, fuelled by a desire to develop a form of Greek that expressed the Greeks' relationship to the ancients, and by the different groups'contrasting notions of what the national image so embodied should be. The purists wanted a written language close to the ancient. The vernacularists — later known as demoticists — sought to match written language to spoken, claiming the latter to be the product of the unbroken development of Greek since the time of Homer. The book explores the political, social, and linguistic causes and effects of the controversy in its many manifestations. Drawing on a wide range of evidence from literature, language, history, and anthropology, it traces its effects on spoken and written varieties of Greek and shows its impact on those in use today. The book describes the efforts of linguistic elites and the state to achieve language standardization and independence from languages such as Turkish, Albanian, Vlach, and Slavonic. The sense of national and linguistic identity that has been inculcated into generations of Greeks since the start of the War of Independence in 1821 has, in the last twenty-five years, received blows from which it may not recover. Immigration from Eastern Europe and elsewhere has introduced new populations whose religions, languages, and cultures are transforming Greece into a country quite different from what it has been and from what it once aspired to be.
Rebecca Posner
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199510177
- eISBN:
- 9780191700972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510177.003.0017
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The establishment of the honour school of Modern Languages at Oxford University, in 1903, took place in a period which witnessed innovations in language study all over Europe. These were related in ...
More
The establishment of the honour school of Modern Languages at Oxford University, in 1903, took place in a period which witnessed innovations in language study all over Europe. These were related in large part to the spread of popular education and greater international scholarly interchange, led by the outstandingly successful German educational establishments. In Britain, interest in Oriental languages had been nurtured particularly by colonial contacts, though theologians were of course interested in the Semitic languages. Those who advocated the study of modern European languages, in universities as well as in schools, had to contend against upholders of the pre-eminence of classical studies, a conflict which reflected differing political and cultural predilections. The powerful conservative opposition to modern linguistic studies in Oxford, and among Oxford MAs, is a recurrent theme of this volume. They were seen as smacking of opportunism and dilettantism, and, more important, as a potential threat to the hallowed dominance of Greek and Latin.Less
The establishment of the honour school of Modern Languages at Oxford University, in 1903, took place in a period which witnessed innovations in language study all over Europe. These were related in large part to the spread of popular education and greater international scholarly interchange, led by the outstandingly successful German educational establishments. In Britain, interest in Oriental languages had been nurtured particularly by colonial contacts, though theologians were of course interested in the Semitic languages. Those who advocated the study of modern European languages, in universities as well as in schools, had to contend against upholders of the pre-eminence of classical studies, a conflict which reflected differing political and cultural predilections. The powerful conservative opposition to modern linguistic studies in Oxford, and among Oxford MAs, is a recurrent theme of this volume. They were seen as smacking of opportunism and dilettantism, and, more important, as a potential threat to the hallowed dominance of Greek and Latin.
Terence Cave
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263204
- eISBN:
- 9780191734205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Ian Mcfarlane belonged to the generation of scholars whose early careers were interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War. Drawing on the sense of a new start and a radical break with past ...
More
Ian Mcfarlane belonged to the generation of scholars whose early careers were interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War. Drawing on the sense of a new start and a radical break with past habits and prejudices that characterised the post-1945 era, that generation brought about a major renewal of modern languages as a university discipline, ensuring that it would henceforth be regarded as equal in status to other arts subjects. The importance of this task in post-war Europe can hardly be over-estimated, and Ian was certainly conscious of its magnitude. He spent the thirty-eight years of his academic career training the modern linguists of the next generation, many of whom are now themselves leaders in the subject, and he set an example of meticulously thorough yet enlightened scholarship in each of the several distinct areas in which he worked.Less
Ian Mcfarlane belonged to the generation of scholars whose early careers were interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War. Drawing on the sense of a new start and a radical break with past habits and prejudices that characterised the post-1945 era, that generation brought about a major renewal of modern languages as a university discipline, ensuring that it would henceforth be regarded as equal in status to other arts subjects. The importance of this task in post-war Europe can hardly be over-estimated, and Ian was certainly conscious of its magnitude. He spent the thirty-eight years of his academic career training the modern linguists of the next generation, many of whom are now themselves leaders in the subject, and he set an example of meticulously thorough yet enlightened scholarship in each of the several distinct areas in which he worked.
SUSAN M. PARKES
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199583744
- eISBN:
- 9780191702365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583744.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses key developments in higher education in Ireland during the period from 1793 to 1908. It suggests that the development of Irish higher education in the nineteenth century was ...
More
This chapter discusses key developments in higher education in Ireland during the period from 1793 to 1908. It suggests that the development of Irish higher education in the nineteenth century was marked by three major movements: the gradual secularisation of university education; the democratisation of higher education; and the broadening of university curriculum to include modern languages, the social sciences, and the pure and applied sciences.Less
This chapter discusses key developments in higher education in Ireland during the period from 1793 to 1908. It suggests that the development of Irish higher education in the nineteenth century was marked by three major movements: the gradual secularisation of university education; the democratisation of higher education; and the broadening of university curriculum to include modern languages, the social sciences, and the pure and applied sciences.
Janet Carsten and Simon Frith (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780197266045
- eISBN:
- 9780191851452
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266045.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
The content derives from the British Academy’s public lecture programme which presents specialist research in an accessible manner. The papers range in subject matter over archaeology, economics, ...
More
The content derives from the British Academy’s public lecture programme which presents specialist research in an accessible manner. The papers range in subject matter over archaeology, economics, sociology, religion, literature and modern languages, demonstrating the depth and breadth of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences that the British Academy champions.Less
The content derives from the British Academy’s public lecture programme which presents specialist research in an accessible manner. The papers range in subject matter over archaeology, economics, sociology, religion, literature and modern languages, demonstrating the depth and breadth of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences that the British Academy champions.
Charles Forsdick
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846316555
- eISBN:
- 9781846316692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316692.006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter considers the reasons why modern languages continue to be seen as more of an undergraduate subject than many other humanities disciplines. It considers the associated risks faced by ...
More
This chapter considers the reasons why modern languages continue to be seen as more of an undergraduate subject than many other humanities disciplines. It considers the associated risks faced by modern languages, specifically by French Studies, as a result of various practicalities: as with other humanities subjects, the potential for grant capture among modern linguists can never compete with STEM areas; unlike many other humanities disciplines, modern languages have declined at GCSE and A Level; and practitioners in the field are challenged, moreover, to be particularly innovative when it comes to attracting overseas students who are more inclined to study in countries where target languages are spoken and where fees are often a fraction of those charged in the English-speaking world.Less
This chapter considers the reasons why modern languages continue to be seen as more of an undergraduate subject than many other humanities disciplines. It considers the associated risks faced by modern languages, specifically by French Studies, as a result of various practicalities: as with other humanities subjects, the potential for grant capture among modern linguists can never compete with STEM areas; unlike many other humanities disciplines, modern languages have declined at GCSE and A Level; and practitioners in the field are challenged, moreover, to be particularly innovative when it comes to attracting overseas students who are more inclined to study in countries where target languages are spoken and where fees are often a fraction of those charged in the English-speaking world.
Douglas Kerr
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198123705
- eISBN:
- 9780191671609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198123705.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
In Wifred Owen's poem ‘To Poesy’, he articulated that he had a lot to learn about both classical and modern languages before he could be able to win the favour of Poesy — his muse. Although learning ...
More
In Wifred Owen's poem ‘To Poesy’, he articulated that he had a lot to learn about both classical and modern languages before he could be able to win the favour of Poesy — his muse. Although learning poetry would involve learning its language and being appropriately acquainted with the community's citizens, there were some aspects of English writing that fall short of being encompassed by this curriculum. The literary history of Owen's reading was affected by several different factors that were determined by fashion, by accident, his own taste, and other such factors. The community of poetry in terms of its members and shape is, however, determined by its changing literary theory, and his sense of what poetry is and its use. This chapter adopts a chronological approach in looking into Owen's history of poetry that includes the classics, Dante, and other influences.Less
In Wifred Owen's poem ‘To Poesy’, he articulated that he had a lot to learn about both classical and modern languages before he could be able to win the favour of Poesy — his muse. Although learning poetry would involve learning its language and being appropriately acquainted with the community's citizens, there were some aspects of English writing that fall short of being encompassed by this curriculum. The literary history of Owen's reading was affected by several different factors that were determined by fashion, by accident, his own taste, and other such factors. The community of poetry in terms of its members and shape is, however, determined by its changing literary theory, and his sense of what poetry is and its use. This chapter adopts a chronological approach in looking into Owen's history of poetry that includes the classics, Dante, and other influences.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804759441
- eISBN:
- 9780804779791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804759441.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
In the sixteenth century, the term “naturalization” became prominent as the passage from “foreign” to “native” took on special significance. In both French and English, translation has long been ...
More
In the sixteenth century, the term “naturalization” became prominent as the passage from “foreign” to “native” took on special significance. In both French and English, translation has long been viewed as a form of, or an activity similar to, naturalization, the legal process for conferring a particular citizenship to foreigners. Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote, one of the most thoroughly “naturalized” texts of all time, has many versions that show why translations do not entirely fade into their surroundings. During the first 150 years of translations of Don Quixote, a new phenomenon, the “modern classic,” emerged at the same time as the modern use of the word “literature” in both French and English over the course of the eighteenth century. This chapter examines translation from the modern languages, focusing on the practice of conferring formal critical prefaces and notes on modern works. It looks at the French treatment of English writers such as Alexander Pope, William Shakespeare, Samuel Richardson, and Edward Young. In particular, it examines Pierre-Antoine de La Place's translation of Shakespeare, including his eight-volume anthology Le Théâtre anglois.Less
In the sixteenth century, the term “naturalization” became prominent as the passage from “foreign” to “native” took on special significance. In both French and English, translation has long been viewed as a form of, or an activity similar to, naturalization, the legal process for conferring a particular citizenship to foreigners. Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote, one of the most thoroughly “naturalized” texts of all time, has many versions that show why translations do not entirely fade into their surroundings. During the first 150 years of translations of Don Quixote, a new phenomenon, the “modern classic,” emerged at the same time as the modern use of the word “literature” in both French and English over the course of the eighteenth century. This chapter examines translation from the modern languages, focusing on the practice of conferring formal critical prefaces and notes on modern works. It looks at the French treatment of English writers such as Alexander Pope, William Shakespeare, Samuel Richardson, and Edward Young. In particular, it examines Pierre-Antoine de La Place's translation of Shakespeare, including his eight-volume anthology Le Théâtre anglois.
Brenda Jo Brueggemann
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300116304
- eISBN:
- 9780300144994
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300116304.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
This chapter argues that it is time to move on and away from the defensive outsider and approval-seeking positions that ASL has typically occupied in the academy, especially in relation to other ...
More
This chapter argues that it is time to move on and away from the defensive outsider and approval-seeking positions that ASL has typically occupied in the academy, especially in relation to other foreign/modern languages. It is time to move discussions, perspectives, and placements of ASL into a position of potential, promise, and linguistic-cultural power. In the spirit of that move, the author grounds all the points made in this chapter by invoking ASL as the little language that could: the little language that could, in fact, turn out to be anything but little for those students who get the chance to learn it during their college years; the little language that could make people think hard about what language is and can do, challenging and yet also affirming their ideas and beliefs about languages and culture; and the little language that could rumble and steam right through the established stations of language and literature programs in the academy, potentially overtaking some of the bigger trains.Less
This chapter argues that it is time to move on and away from the defensive outsider and approval-seeking positions that ASL has typically occupied in the academy, especially in relation to other foreign/modern languages. It is time to move discussions, perspectives, and placements of ASL into a position of potential, promise, and linguistic-cultural power. In the spirit of that move, the author grounds all the points made in this chapter by invoking ASL as the little language that could: the little language that could, in fact, turn out to be anything but little for those students who get the chance to learn it during their college years; the little language that could make people think hard about what language is and can do, challenging and yet also affirming their ideas and beliefs about languages and culture; and the little language that could rumble and steam right through the established stations of language and literature programs in the academy, potentially overtaking some of the bigger trains.
Adrian Armstrong
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846316555
- eISBN:
- 9781846316692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316692.005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter evaluates the capacity of French Studies to evolve in the near future. It considers the challenges for student and staff recruitment and curriculum development, as French loses its ...
More
This chapter evaluates the capacity of French Studies to evolve in the near future. It considers the challenges for student and staff recruitment and curriculum development, as French loses its traditional preponderance within modern foreign languages in British education. It asks whether the discipline's diversity is threatened by larger processes of change, or enables UK departments to deal with those processes more effectively. It calls on university departments to take the French-speaking world and defamiliarise it, designing and delivering curricula that can inspire through the unexpected.Less
This chapter evaluates the capacity of French Studies to evolve in the near future. It considers the challenges for student and staff recruitment and curriculum development, as French loses its traditional preponderance within modern foreign languages in British education. It asks whether the discipline's diversity is threatened by larger processes of change, or enables UK departments to deal with those processes more effectively. It calls on university departments to take the French-speaking world and defamiliarise it, designing and delivering curricula that can inspire through the unexpected.
Philippe Lane and Michael Worton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846316555
- eISBN:
- 9781846316692
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846316692.003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This introductory chapter briefly sets out the book's purpose, which is to paint a picture of French Studies in the UK. It then cites the main challenge faced by modern language education, namely the ...
More
This introductory chapter briefly sets out the book's purpose, which is to paint a picture of French Studies in the UK. It then cites the main challenge faced by modern language education, namely the lack of financial support from the government. It argues that the modern languages community must take a lead in advocacy, explaining and demonstrating why and how languages are vital to every higher education experience, be it in the UK or elsewhere in the world. In this work, French Studies has a particularly important leadership role to play, since French remains the most widely studied and researched language in the UK.Less
This introductory chapter briefly sets out the book's purpose, which is to paint a picture of French Studies in the UK. It then cites the main challenge faced by modern language education, namely the lack of financial support from the government. It argues that the modern languages community must take a lead in advocacy, explaining and demonstrating why and how languages are vital to every higher education experience, be it in the UK or elsewhere in the world. In this work, French Studies has a particularly important leadership role to play, since French remains the most widely studied and researched language in the UK.
Lawrence Goldman
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205753
- eISBN:
- 9780191676765
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205753.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The issues of strategy, content, and control of workers' education which animated this exchange of views were at the heart of an almost simultaneous controversy within Oxford itself in the immediate ...
More
The issues of strategy, content, and control of workers' education which animated this exchange of views were at the heart of an almost simultaneous controversy within Oxford itself in the immediate aftermath of the publication of the 1908 Report. Ruskin Hall had been founded in 1899 as a college for working populations through the efforts of the combination of a wealthy American philanthropists and a young American progressive of the name of Charles Beard. The college was designed to provide for the general education of working men in science, history, and modern languages. As early as 1905 there were disputes about the curriculum, especially over the teaching of economics. The arrival in 1908 of an inexperienced new tutor in economics, H. Sanderson Furniss, who was judged to be too orthodox by some of the students, only made the situation worse.Less
The issues of strategy, content, and control of workers' education which animated this exchange of views were at the heart of an almost simultaneous controversy within Oxford itself in the immediate aftermath of the publication of the 1908 Report. Ruskin Hall had been founded in 1899 as a college for working populations through the efforts of the combination of a wealthy American philanthropists and a young American progressive of the name of Charles Beard. The college was designed to provide for the general education of working men in science, history, and modern languages. As early as 1905 there were disputes about the curriculum, especially over the teaching of economics. The arrival in 1908 of an inexperienced new tutor in economics, H. Sanderson Furniss, who was judged to be too orthodox by some of the students, only made the situation worse.
Ann Senghas, Asli Özyürek, and Susan Goldin-Meadow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199654840
- eISBN:
- 9780191759000
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654840.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter takes segmentation and combination to be a fundamental feature of modern languages, bringing to bear on the evolution of this feature evidence derived from some newly emergent linguistic ...
More
This chapter takes segmentation and combination to be a fundamental feature of modern languages, bringing to bear on the evolution of this feature evidence derived from some newly emergent linguistic systems. The systems at issue are the homesign systems used by Nicaraguan and Turkish children, and the emerging Nicaraguan Sign Language. It focuses on how these emerging systems express motion events, a domain that presents rich possibilities for both holistic and segmented representational formats. It describes an indirect relation between present-day language emergence and language evolution. This view forms a sobering corrective on accounts in which inferences to language evolution from data about restricted linguistic systems such as pidgin languages and homesign, amongst others, are drawn in too facile a manner.Less
This chapter takes segmentation and combination to be a fundamental feature of modern languages, bringing to bear on the evolution of this feature evidence derived from some newly emergent linguistic systems. The systems at issue are the homesign systems used by Nicaraguan and Turkish children, and the emerging Nicaraguan Sign Language. It focuses on how these emerging systems express motion events, a domain that presents rich possibilities for both holistic and segmented representational formats. It describes an indirect relation between present-day language emergence and language evolution. This view forms a sobering corrective on accounts in which inferences to language evolution from data about restricted linguistic systems such as pidgin languages and homesign, amongst others, are drawn in too facile a manner.
David Wilmsen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198718123
- eISBN:
- 9780191787485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718123.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Similarities between southern peninsular Arabic dialects and the Modern South Arabian languages support a southern pre-diaspora origin for the Arabic dialects negating and interrogating with reflexes ...
More
Similarities between southern peninsular Arabic dialects and the Modern South Arabian languages support a southern pre-diaspora origin for the Arabic dialects negating and interrogating with reflexes of šī. Most share an existential particle analogous to the Arabic šī found in Yemeni, Omani, and Syrian varieties, at least, and Mehri possesses an indefinite determiner śi that functions exactly like the analogous Arabic šī. Southern Arabic speakers were probably in the Fertile Crescent as early as seven centuries before Islam and maybe twice that many, ample time for a southern Arabic feature to become established in the Levant. Current dialect distributions probably originate in the displacement of the old southern Arab Christian elite by Arabic-speaking Muslims from Central Arabia.Less
Similarities between southern peninsular Arabic dialects and the Modern South Arabian languages support a southern pre-diaspora origin for the Arabic dialects negating and interrogating with reflexes of šī. Most share an existential particle analogous to the Arabic šī found in Yemeni, Omani, and Syrian varieties, at least, and Mehri possesses an indefinite determiner śi that functions exactly like the analogous Arabic šī. Southern Arabic speakers were probably in the Fertile Crescent as early as seven centuries before Islam and maybe twice that many, ample time for a southern Arabic feature to become established in the Levant. Current dialect distributions probably originate in the displacement of the old southern Arab Christian elite by Arabic-speaking Muslims from Central Arabia.
Elizabeth Knowles
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199543151
- eISBN:
- 9780191772337
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199543151.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History, Economic History
The nineteenth century was a period in which amateur and professional alike worked ardently to categorize and structure knowledge. This resulted in the commercial publication of dictionaries, ...
More
The nineteenth century was a period in which amateur and professional alike worked ardently to categorize and structure knowledge. This resulted in the commercial publication of dictionaries, encyclopedias, street directories, and catalogues of libraries and other collections. Press publications reflect these developments in an academic context and included a significant number of lexical dictionaries and major catalogues of manuscript holdings in Oxford libraries. Bilingual dictionaries ranged from the classics, Latin and Greek, through biblical and eastern tongues to modern European languages, generally compiled from precursor texts. Case studies are made of Payne Smith's Syriac dictionary, Monier-Williams' Sanskrit dictionary and The Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. The Press's acquisition, financing and publication of the New English Dictionary, edited by James Murray and later titled the Oxford English Dictionary, is examined in detail.Less
The nineteenth century was a period in which amateur and professional alike worked ardently to categorize and structure knowledge. This resulted in the commercial publication of dictionaries, encyclopedias, street directories, and catalogues of libraries and other collections. Press publications reflect these developments in an academic context and included a significant number of lexical dictionaries and major catalogues of manuscript holdings in Oxford libraries. Bilingual dictionaries ranged from the classics, Latin and Greek, through biblical and eastern tongues to modern European languages, generally compiled from precursor texts. Case studies are made of Payne Smith's Syriac dictionary, Monier-Williams' Sanskrit dictionary and The Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. The Press's acquisition, financing and publication of the New English Dictionary, edited by James Murray and later titled the Oxford English Dictionary, is examined in detail.
Robert Fraser
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199568406
- eISBN:
- 9780191772344
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568406.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Cultural History
By 1970, schoolbooks accounted for 25% of OUP's sales and 30% of its profits, the culmination of a steady growth in educational publishing over the twentieth century. The growth was fuelled by ...
More
By 1970, schoolbooks accounted for 25% of OUP's sales and 30% of its profits, the culmination of a steady growth in educational publishing over the twentieth century. The growth was fuelled by educational change at home created by successive Education Acts for England and Wales that resulted in coordinated curriculum and standardized examination systems. The Press consequently expanded its educational publishing to include general secondary and primary school books as well as for the public schools that were its traditional market, and focused its output to support standardized syllabi, examinations, and tests. The Press also recognized post-war educational opportunities abroad, particularly in the field of English Language Teaching, and developed a list specific to this market. The chapter describes the educational publishing activities of the Press, surveys its catalogue of school books, and assesses the competition from other British publishers.Less
By 1970, schoolbooks accounted for 25% of OUP's sales and 30% of its profits, the culmination of a steady growth in educational publishing over the twentieth century. The growth was fuelled by educational change at home created by successive Education Acts for England and Wales that resulted in coordinated curriculum and standardized examination systems. The Press consequently expanded its educational publishing to include general secondary and primary school books as well as for the public schools that were its traditional market, and focused its output to support standardized syllabi, examinations, and tests. The Press also recognized post-war educational opportunities abroad, particularly in the field of English Language Teaching, and developed a list specific to this market. The chapter describes the educational publishing activities of the Press, surveys its catalogue of school books, and assesses the competition from other British publishers.
