Reba N. Soffer
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199510177
- eISBN:
- 9780191700972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510177.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In both curriculum and styles of teaching, Oxford University's School of History set the standard which was imitated at Cambridge University and throughout the British sphere of influence. Modern ...
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In both curriculum and styles of teaching, Oxford University's School of History set the standard which was imitated at Cambridge University and throughout the British sphere of influence. Modern History was introduced to Oxford in the 1850s and established on its own as an honours degree course by 1872. Beginning (at the latter date) with the fall of Rome and concluding for England at 1847, elsewhere at 1815, history was a subject that was hardly ‘modern’, nor was it an innovative or experimental study of recent, let alone contemporary, issues and events. Instead, the study of history began and continued as an epic illustration of the qualities required of England's governing elite. Within a rapidly changing society that wanted to find the future more compelling than the past, Modern History organized history, politics, economics, and law as testaments to the enduring qualities of individual character and national institutions.Less
In both curriculum and styles of teaching, Oxford University's School of History set the standard which was imitated at Cambridge University and throughout the British sphere of influence. Modern History was introduced to Oxford in the 1850s and established on its own as an honours degree course by 1872. Beginning (at the latter date) with the fall of Rome and concluding for England at 1847, elsewhere at 1815, history was a subject that was hardly ‘modern’, nor was it an innovative or experimental study of recent, let alone contemporary, issues and events. Instead, the study of history began and continued as an epic illustration of the qualities required of England's governing elite. Within a rapidly changing society that wanted to find the future more compelling than the past, Modern History organized history, politics, economics, and law as testaments to the enduring qualities of individual character and national institutions.
Matthew P. Fink
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195336450
- eISBN:
- 9780199868469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336450.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics, Financial Economics
Mutual funds have been phenomenally successful. More than 88 million Americans own fund shares. Mutual funds are the largest financial industry in the world, having assets of over $12 trillion. Since ...
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Mutual funds have been phenomenally successful. More than 88 million Americans own fund shares. Mutual funds are the largest financial industry in the world, having assets of over $12 trillion. Since the start of the modern industry in 1940, there have been constant predictions that funds' growth years are over. But the industry has continued to thrive. The book is a personal narrative describing the specific events that produced this long history of success and is the only modern history of the mutual fund industry.Less
Mutual funds have been phenomenally successful. More than 88 million Americans own fund shares. Mutual funds are the largest financial industry in the world, having assets of over $12 trillion. Since the start of the modern industry in 1940, there have been constant predictions that funds' growth years are over. But the industry has continued to thrive. The book is a personal narrative describing the specific events that produced this long history of success and is the only modern history of the mutual fund industry.
G. W. Bernard
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263204
- eISBN:
- 9780191734205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Bruce Wernham was born on 11 October 1906 at Ashmansworth, near Newbury, Berkshire, the son of a tenant farmer. He attended St Bartholomew's Grammar School, which he remembered with affection all his ...
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Bruce Wernham was born on 11 October 1906 at Ashmansworth, near Newbury, Berkshire, the son of a tenant farmer. He attended St Bartholomew's Grammar School, which he remembered with affection all his life, serving as Governor from 1944. In 1925 he went on to Exeter College, Oxford, and took a first in Modern History in 1928. He returned to study towards a D.Phil. His chosen theme was ‘Anglo-French relations in the age of Queen Elizabeth and Henri IV’, a subject that would remain at the centre of his interests for the rest of his life. After a year, he moved to London in order to work on the State Papers in the Public Record Office and the British Museum.Less
Bruce Wernham was born on 11 October 1906 at Ashmansworth, near Newbury, Berkshire, the son of a tenant farmer. He attended St Bartholomew's Grammar School, which he remembered with affection all his life, serving as Governor from 1944. In 1925 he went on to Exeter College, Oxford, and took a first in Modern History in 1928. He returned to study towards a D.Phil. His chosen theme was ‘Anglo-French relations in the age of Queen Elizabeth and Henri IV’, a subject that would remain at the centre of his interests for the rest of his life. After a year, he moved to London in order to work on the State Papers in the Public Record Office and the British Museum.
Daniel B. Schwartz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142913
- eISBN:
- 9781400842261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142913.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
This introductory chapter considers why the hallmark of modern Jewish identity is its resistance to—and, at the same time, obsession with—definition. Like battles over national identity in the modern ...
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This introductory chapter considers why the hallmark of modern Jewish identity is its resistance to—and, at the same time, obsession with—definition. Like battles over national identity in the modern state, clashes over the nature and limits of Jewishness have frequently taken the shape of controversies over the status—and stature—of marginal Jews past and present. The Jewish rehabilitation of historical heretics and apostates with a vexed relationship to Judaism has become so much a part of contemporary discourse that it is difficult to imagine secular Jewish culture without it. Yet this tendency has a beginning as well as a template in modern Jewish history, which the chapter introduces in the figure of Baruch (or Benedictus) Spinoza (1632–1677)—“the first great culture-hero of modern secular Jews,” and still the most oft-mentioned candidate for the title of first modern secular Jew.Less
This introductory chapter considers why the hallmark of modern Jewish identity is its resistance to—and, at the same time, obsession with—definition. Like battles over national identity in the modern state, clashes over the nature and limits of Jewishness have frequently taken the shape of controversies over the status—and stature—of marginal Jews past and present. The Jewish rehabilitation of historical heretics and apostates with a vexed relationship to Judaism has become so much a part of contemporary discourse that it is difficult to imagine secular Jewish culture without it. Yet this tendency has a beginning as well as a template in modern Jewish history, which the chapter introduces in the figure of Baruch (or Benedictus) Spinoza (1632–1677)—“the first great culture-hero of modern secular Jews,” and still the most oft-mentioned candidate for the title of first modern secular Jew.
Frank Dikotter
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099203
- eISBN:
- 9789882206595
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099203.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The era between empire and communism is routinely portrayed as a catastrophic interlude in China's modern history, but this book shows instead that the first half of ...
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The era between empire and communism is routinely portrayed as a catastrophic interlude in China's modern history, but this book shows instead that the first half of the twentieth century witnessed a qualitatively unprecedented trend towards openness. The book argues that the years from 1900 to 1949 were characterised at all levels of society by engagement with the world, and that the pursuit of openness was particularly evident in four areas: in governance and the advance of the rule of law and of newly acquired liberties; in freedom of movement in and out of the country; in open minds thriving on ideas from the humanities and sciences; and in open markets and sustained growth in the economy. Freedom of association, freedom to travel, freedom of religion, freedom to trade, and relative freedom of speech wrought profound changes in the texture of everyday life. While globalisation itself was a vector of cultural diversification, pre-existing constellations of ideas, practices and institutions did not simply vanish on contact with the rest of the world, but on the contrary expanded even further, just as much as local industries diversified thanks to their inclusion into a much larger global market. Arguably the country was at its most diverse in its entire history on the eve of World War II — in terms of politics, society, culture, and the economy.Less
The era between empire and communism is routinely portrayed as a catastrophic interlude in China's modern history, but this book shows instead that the first half of the twentieth century witnessed a qualitatively unprecedented trend towards openness. The book argues that the years from 1900 to 1949 were characterised at all levels of society by engagement with the world, and that the pursuit of openness was particularly evident in four areas: in governance and the advance of the rule of law and of newly acquired liberties; in freedom of movement in and out of the country; in open minds thriving on ideas from the humanities and sciences; and in open markets and sustained growth in the economy. Freedom of association, freedom to travel, freedom of religion, freedom to trade, and relative freedom of speech wrought profound changes in the texture of everyday life. While globalisation itself was a vector of cultural diversification, pre-existing constellations of ideas, practices and institutions did not simply vanish on contact with the rest of the world, but on the contrary expanded even further, just as much as local industries diversified thanks to their inclusion into a much larger global market. Arguably the country was at its most diverse in its entire history on the eve of World War II — in terms of politics, society, culture, and the economy.
Peter Clarke
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263020
- eISBN:
- 9780191734199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263020.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Henry Pelling enjoyed the deep respect of his professional colleagues, primarily in Britain and the anglophone world and also notably in Japan. His oeuvre secured him a reputation as the foremost ...
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Henry Pelling enjoyed the deep respect of his professional colleagues, primarily in Britain and the anglophone world and also notably in Japan. His oeuvre secured him a reputation as the foremost empirical labour historian of his generation. Between 1954 and 1963 he published no fewer than nine substantial books, despite his complaints at the way that Oxford teaching duties ate into his time as a writing scholar. Having made himself the unrivalled authority on the history of the labour movement, Pelling had branched out in the 1960s into the new field of electoral history.Less
Henry Pelling enjoyed the deep respect of his professional colleagues, primarily in Britain and the anglophone world and also notably in Japan. His oeuvre secured him a reputation as the foremost empirical labour historian of his generation. Between 1954 and 1963 he published no fewer than nine substantial books, despite his complaints at the way that Oxford teaching duties ate into his time as a writing scholar. Having made himself the unrivalled authority on the history of the labour movement, Pelling had branched out in the 1960s into the new field of electoral history.
Richard Landes
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753598
- eISBN:
- 9780199897445
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753598.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
Millennialists through the ages have looked forward to the apocalyptic moment that will radically transform society into heaven on earth. They have delivered withering critiques of their own ...
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Millennialists through the ages have looked forward to the apocalyptic moment that will radically transform society into heaven on earth. They have delivered withering critiques of their own civilizations and promised both the impending annihilation to the forces of evil and the advent of a perfect society. And all their promises have invariably failed. We tend, therefore, to dismiss these prophets of doom and salvation as crackpots and madmen, and not surprisingly historians of our secular era have tended to underestimate their impact on our modern world. This book offers analysis of this widely misunderstood phenomenon. This book shows that many events typically regarded as secular—including the French Revolution, Marxism, Bolshevism, Nazism—not only contain key millennialist elements, but follow the apocalyptic curve of enthusiastic launch, disappointment and re-entry into "“normal time. ” Indeed, as the book examines the explicit millennialism behind such recent events as the emergence of Global Jihad since 1979, it challenges the common notion that modern history is largely motivated by secular interests. By focusing on ten widely different case studies, none of which come from Judaism or Christianity, the book shows that millennialism is not only a cultural universal, but also an extremely adaptive social phenomenon that persists across the modern and post-modern divides. At the same time, the book also offers valuable insight into the social and psychological factors that drive such beliefs.Less
Millennialists through the ages have looked forward to the apocalyptic moment that will radically transform society into heaven on earth. They have delivered withering critiques of their own civilizations and promised both the impending annihilation to the forces of evil and the advent of a perfect society. And all their promises have invariably failed. We tend, therefore, to dismiss these prophets of doom and salvation as crackpots and madmen, and not surprisingly historians of our secular era have tended to underestimate their impact on our modern world. This book offers analysis of this widely misunderstood phenomenon. This book shows that many events typically regarded as secular—including the French Revolution, Marxism, Bolshevism, Nazism—not only contain key millennialist elements, but follow the apocalyptic curve of enthusiastic launch, disappointment and re-entry into "“normal time. ” Indeed, as the book examines the explicit millennialism behind such recent events as the emergence of Global Jihad since 1979, it challenges the common notion that modern history is largely motivated by secular interests. By focusing on ten widely different case studies, none of which come from Judaism or Christianity, the book shows that millennialism is not only a cultural universal, but also an extremely adaptive social phenomenon that persists across the modern and post-modern divides. At the same time, the book also offers valuable insight into the social and psychological factors that drive such beliefs.
Bart van Es
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199249701
- eISBN:
- 9780191719332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249701.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter discusses the conflict that arises from different readings of the past, with the historical visions in Poly-Olbion as an example. It explains that this conflict provides the snapshot of ...
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This chapter discusses the conflict that arises from different readings of the past, with the historical visions in Poly-Olbion as an example. It explains that this conflict provides the snapshot of a changing situation that is of vital importance for understanding Edmund Spenser. It examines Drayton's and Selden's position as a Spenserian, as well as how they view the Poly-Olbion. It adds that each age develops its own readings of the past. It discusses the main goal of this book, which is to build upon a very long tradition of ‘reading Spenser historically’. It highlights that above all, it is the choice of form that determines and expresses a writer's historiographic perspective. It explains that in Early Modern history, the method of history and substance depend greatly on one another. It investigates the different forms of history in the works of Spenser.Less
This chapter discusses the conflict that arises from different readings of the past, with the historical visions in Poly-Olbion as an example. It explains that this conflict provides the snapshot of a changing situation that is of vital importance for understanding Edmund Spenser. It examines Drayton's and Selden's position as a Spenserian, as well as how they view the Poly-Olbion. It adds that each age develops its own readings of the past. It discusses the main goal of this book, which is to build upon a very long tradition of ‘reading Spenser historically’. It highlights that above all, it is the choice of form that determines and expresses a writer's historiographic perspective. It explains that in Early Modern history, the method of history and substance depend greatly on one another. It investigates the different forms of history in the works of Spenser.
C. T. McIntire
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300098075
- eISBN:
- 9780300130089
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300098075.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter focuses on Butterfield's appointment to succeed Temperley as Professor of Modern History. The act was an affirmation of patriotic hope, since the end of the war was not in sight, and ...
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This chapter focuses on Butterfield's appointment to succeed Temperley as Professor of Modern History. The act was an affirmation of patriotic hope, since the end of the war was not in sight, and return to normalcy was not at all possible. Butterfield, now forty-four, had waited patiently for nearly five years during the war, since the death of Temperley, for this recognition. The appointment was his, even though he had not presented an application as was customary. The Cambridge members of the committee of electors for the chair included the history elite in the university. Among those passed over was E. H. Carr, nine years Butterfield's senior, reversing the outcome at Aberystwyth in 1936 when Carr got the professorship. Butterfield once again abandoned his thoughts of leaving Cambridge for another university, and accepted the appointment.Less
This chapter focuses on Butterfield's appointment to succeed Temperley as Professor of Modern History. The act was an affirmation of patriotic hope, since the end of the war was not in sight, and return to normalcy was not at all possible. Butterfield, now forty-four, had waited patiently for nearly five years during the war, since the death of Temperley, for this recognition. The appointment was his, even though he had not presented an application as was customary. The Cambridge members of the committee of electors for the chair included the history elite in the university. Among those passed over was E. H. Carr, nine years Butterfield's senior, reversing the outcome at Aberystwyth in 1936 when Carr got the professorship. Butterfield once again abandoned his thoughts of leaving Cambridge for another university, and accepted the appointment.
Eric Hayot
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199926695
- eISBN:
- 9780199980499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926695.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter lays out a theory of modern literary history as a series of linked responses to the modern world-view. Far from designating the concrete reactions that govern any specific and historical ...
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This chapter lays out a theory of modern literary history as a series of linked responses to the modern world-view. Far from designating the concrete reactions that govern any specific and historical human community, the logical qualities of the responses aim to describe the empty slots and possibilities that necessarily obtain in relation to all propositions, and hence to all human communities in which propositions are made. The responses are generally described in relation to the general modern world-view outlined so far. The Realistic, Romantic, and Modernist modes are discussed.Less
This chapter lays out a theory of modern literary history as a series of linked responses to the modern world-view. Far from designating the concrete reactions that govern any specific and historical human community, the logical qualities of the responses aim to describe the empty slots and possibilities that necessarily obtain in relation to all propositions, and hence to all human communities in which propositions are made. The responses are generally described in relation to the general modern world-view outlined so far. The Realistic, Romantic, and Modernist modes are discussed.
Owen Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 1983
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198264453
- eISBN:
- 9780191682711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198264453.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines Hensley Henson's experiences at Oxford University. It explains that during his stay at Oxford, Henson became a so-called troglodyte and he was generally isolated from everyday ...
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This chapter examines Hensley Henson's experiences at Oxford University. It explains that during his stay at Oxford, Henson became a so-called troglodyte and he was generally isolated from everyday life. He spent most of his time reading books and polishing his Greek. In June 1884, Henson was placed in the first class of the honours society of Modern History and later joined the All Souls Fellowship. He has always regarded his election to the fellowship as the beginning of his Oxford life.Less
This chapter examines Hensley Henson's experiences at Oxford University. It explains that during his stay at Oxford, Henson became a so-called troglodyte and he was generally isolated from everyday life. He spent most of his time reading books and polishing his Greek. In June 1884, Henson was placed in the first class of the honours society of Modern History and later joined the All Souls Fellowship. He has always regarded his election to the fellowship as the beginning of his Oxford life.
Cora Kaplan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748611478
- eISBN:
- 9780748651627
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748611478.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This book is a series of astute critical reflections on our enduring fascination with all things Victorian. The author looks at the politics of ‘Victoriana’ from the 1970s to the present, a politics ...
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This book is a series of astute critical reflections on our enduring fascination with all things Victorian. The author looks at the politics of ‘Victoriana’ from the 1970s to the present, a politics that emerges from the alternation between nostalgia and critique in fiction, film, biography and literary studies. She asks how Jane Eyre can still evoke tears and rage, as well as inspiring imitation and high art, and why Henry James has become fiction's favourite late Victorian character in the new millennium. ‘Victoriana’, the book argues, has developed a modern history of its own in which we can trace the shifting social and cultural concerns of the last few decades. Through the constant interrogation of ‘history’ in such innovative works as John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman, A.S. Byatt's Possession, David Lodge's Nice Work, Peter Ackroyd's Dickens, Jane Campion's The Piano, Colm Tóibín's The Master, Sarah Waters' Fingersmith, Alan Hollinghurst's The Line of Beauty and Julian Barnes' Arthur and George, ‘Victoriana’ maps out a very particular postmodern temporality.Less
This book is a series of astute critical reflections on our enduring fascination with all things Victorian. The author looks at the politics of ‘Victoriana’ from the 1970s to the present, a politics that emerges from the alternation between nostalgia and critique in fiction, film, biography and literary studies. She asks how Jane Eyre can still evoke tears and rage, as well as inspiring imitation and high art, and why Henry James has become fiction's favourite late Victorian character in the new millennium. ‘Victoriana’, the book argues, has developed a modern history of its own in which we can trace the shifting social and cultural concerns of the last few decades. Through the constant interrogation of ‘history’ in such innovative works as John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman, A.S. Byatt's Possession, David Lodge's Nice Work, Peter Ackroyd's Dickens, Jane Campion's The Piano, Colm Tóibín's The Master, Sarah Waters' Fingersmith, Alan Hollinghurst's The Line of Beauty and Julian Barnes' Arthur and George, ‘Victoriana’ maps out a very particular postmodern temporality.
David Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097218
- eISBN:
- 9781526104472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097218.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Studies of the three kingdoms have focussed chiefly on how between 1603-49 the realms of Scotland and Ireland inter-related with the major realm, of England. Though such studies have enriched the ...
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Studies of the three kingdoms have focussed chiefly on how between 1603-49 the realms of Scotland and Ireland inter-related with the major realm, of England. Though such studies have enriched the histories of each kingdom, it might also be said that understanding developments across the ‘Three Kingdoms’ in the early seventeenth century has become unduly Anglo-centric because of the sheer coverage given to England. By concentrating on Irish-Scottish relations however, another world can be perceived, where the objectives of England were not as critical as is often supposed. Summarising the recent surge in Irish-Scottish studies Edwards observes how King James’s notion of using Ireland to forge a closer Anglo-Scottish/Protestant union foundered on the divergent aspirations of the thousands of Scottish planters who settled in Ireland and the relationships formed with the Irish and English. Instead of submitting to English power, the Scots advanced their own position in large parts of Ireland, especially in Ulster. Many Scots preferred co-existence and/or co-operation with the Irish, as tenants, business associates, even marriage partners rather than helping the English subjugate them. This exposed the limits of English power in Ireland just as the Anglo-Scottish union was coming asunder precipitating the wider British civil wars.Less
Studies of the three kingdoms have focussed chiefly on how between 1603-49 the realms of Scotland and Ireland inter-related with the major realm, of England. Though such studies have enriched the histories of each kingdom, it might also be said that understanding developments across the ‘Three Kingdoms’ in the early seventeenth century has become unduly Anglo-centric because of the sheer coverage given to England. By concentrating on Irish-Scottish relations however, another world can be perceived, where the objectives of England were not as critical as is often supposed. Summarising the recent surge in Irish-Scottish studies Edwards observes how King James’s notion of using Ireland to forge a closer Anglo-Scottish/Protestant union foundered on the divergent aspirations of the thousands of Scottish planters who settled in Ireland and the relationships formed with the Irish and English. Instead of submitting to English power, the Scots advanced their own position in large parts of Ireland, especially in Ulster. Many Scots preferred co-existence and/or co-operation with the Irish, as tenants, business associates, even marriage partners rather than helping the English subjugate them. This exposed the limits of English power in Ireland just as the Anglo-Scottish union was coming asunder precipitating the wider British civil wars.
Eugenia Lean
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520247185
- eISBN:
- 9780520932678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520247185.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter addresses some of the major historiographical and theoretical issues that this study of Shi Jianqiao engages. First, by examining public sympathy in this case, it readdresses the ...
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This chapter addresses some of the major historiographical and theoretical issues that this study of Shi Jianqiao engages. First, by examining public sympathy in this case, it readdresses the public-sphere debate in the field of modern Chinese history. As an in-depth examination of a high-profile assassination case, this book extends the understanding of the culture of violence in the Republican era and explores how cases such as Shi Jianqiao's killing of ex-warlord Sun Chuanfang mediated debates over the role of ethical violence in modern justice.Less
This chapter addresses some of the major historiographical and theoretical issues that this study of Shi Jianqiao engages. First, by examining public sympathy in this case, it readdresses the public-sphere debate in the field of modern Chinese history. As an in-depth examination of a high-profile assassination case, this book extends the understanding of the culture of violence in the Republican era and explores how cases such as Shi Jianqiao's killing of ex-warlord Sun Chuanfang mediated debates over the role of ethical violence in modern justice.
Peter Ghosh and Lawrence Goldman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199253456
- eISBN:
- 9780191698149
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253456.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The intellectual engagement and respect aroused by Colin Matthew were so great and so widespread across several continents, that there could easily be a series of volumes written in his memory. ...
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The intellectual engagement and respect aroused by Colin Matthew were so great and so widespread across several continents, that there could easily be a series of volumes written in his memory. Colin's central concern was how to set about the writing of modern British history taken as a whole — he would of course have dismissed with contempt the idea that the goal of academic training and expertise was mere specialism for its own sake. Within his academic lifetime the study of British politics experienced challenges to its legitimacy and assumptions of the most radical kind. The 1970s was the last time either in academic life or in the wider public culture of the United Kingdom when British political history could be taken to be a subject of self-evident importance and centrality.Less
The intellectual engagement and respect aroused by Colin Matthew were so great and so widespread across several continents, that there could easily be a series of volumes written in his memory. Colin's central concern was how to set about the writing of modern British history taken as a whole — he would of course have dismissed with contempt the idea that the goal of academic training and expertise was mere specialism for its own sake. Within his academic lifetime the study of British politics experienced challenges to its legitimacy and assumptions of the most radical kind. The 1970s was the last time either in academic life or in the wider public culture of the United Kingdom when British political history could be taken to be a subject of self-evident importance and centrality.
Huaiyin Li
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836085
- eISBN:
- 9780824871338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836085.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This introductory chapter presents a historical overview of Chinese history writing. It briefly examines how Chinese intellectuals have viewed China's “modern history” through their incessant ...
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This introductory chapter presents a historical overview of Chinese history writing. It briefly examines how Chinese intellectuals have viewed China's “modern history” through their incessant construction of various, often conflicting, explanatory schemes and narratives since the early twentieth century. Central to the analysis is the proposition that historical writing on “modern China” has evolved primarily as a response to present challenges and concerns that have faced individuals; to write about modern China was primarily to trace the historical roots of the country's current problems in order to legitimize their solutions rather than a truth-seeking process or the reconstruction of the past as it actually happened. Chinese history writing, in other words, was inseparable from their participation in the social and political discourses of their own times and from their embrace or elaboration of ideologies that served to justify political claims.Less
This introductory chapter presents a historical overview of Chinese history writing. It briefly examines how Chinese intellectuals have viewed China's “modern history” through their incessant construction of various, often conflicting, explanatory schemes and narratives since the early twentieth century. Central to the analysis is the proposition that historical writing on “modern China” has evolved primarily as a response to present challenges and concerns that have faced individuals; to write about modern China was primarily to trace the historical roots of the country's current problems in order to legitimize their solutions rather than a truth-seeking process or the reconstruction of the past as it actually happened. Chinese history writing, in other words, was inseparable from their participation in the social and political discourses of their own times and from their embrace or elaboration of ideologies that served to justify political claims.
Edward Craig
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198236825
- eISBN:
- 9780191597244
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198236824.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
The overall aim of this book is to examine the relation between philosophy studied as a specialized academic discipline and ‘philosophies’, general visions of man and reality that provide guidance in ...
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The overall aim of this book is to examine the relation between philosophy studied as a specialized academic discipline and ‘philosophies’, general visions of man and reality that provide guidance in thought and behaviour, and form the background for any specific philosophical enquiry. Philosophical thought has always had the function of articulating such very general pictures of the real. To forget this, Craig argues, leads to a serious distortion of the writings and concerns of great philosophers of the past, and also to trivial philosophy.Two important consequences of looking at philosophy in this way are, first, an increased sympathy for the idea that philosophy can occur in a variety of media, for example literature, and second, a greater appreciation of the historically variable factors in philosophy, including our own.The more specific aim of the book is to identify, by means of a broad survey of four centuries of philosophical thought, two visions of man and reality that have been dominant in the history of modern philosophy. In chapter 1, Craig is concerned with the dominant philosophy of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, arguing that the central metaphysical vision was the ‘Image of God’ doctrine, or ‘Similarity Thesis’: the view that man was made in God’s image.In chapter 5, Craig portrays the very different ‘Agency Theory’, or ‘Practice Ideal’, that rose to prominence during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the view that human beings are autonomous creators of their environment and values.Chapter 3 discusses the metaphysic of the Romantic Era, revealing it to be a bridge period, in which the chief characteristics of the previous and following centuries were for a time closely united.In chapters 2, 4, and 6 the attempt is made to show how selected philosophical texts are illuminated when read against the background of the dominant metaphysics of their time. Chapter 2 focusses on Hume, chapter 4 on Hegel, while chapter 6 turns to philosophical doctrines of the twentieth century.Less
The overall aim of this book is to examine the relation between philosophy studied as a specialized academic discipline and ‘philosophies’, general visions of man and reality that provide guidance in thought and behaviour, and form the background for any specific philosophical enquiry. Philosophical thought has always had the function of articulating such very general pictures of the real. To forget this, Craig argues, leads to a serious distortion of the writings and concerns of great philosophers of the past, and also to trivial philosophy.
Two important consequences of looking at philosophy in this way are, first, an increased sympathy for the idea that philosophy can occur in a variety of media, for example literature, and second, a greater appreciation of the historically variable factors in philosophy, including our own.
The more specific aim of the book is to identify, by means of a broad survey of four centuries of philosophical thought, two visions of man and reality that have been dominant in the history of modern philosophy. In chapter 1, Craig is concerned with the dominant philosophy of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, arguing that the central metaphysical vision was the ‘Image of God’ doctrine, or ‘Similarity Thesis’: the view that man was made in God’s image.
In chapter 5, Craig portrays the very different ‘Agency Theory’, or ‘Practice Ideal’, that rose to prominence during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the view that human beings are autonomous creators of their environment and values.
Chapter 3 discusses the metaphysic of the Romantic Era, revealing it to be a bridge period, in which the chief characteristics of the previous and following centuries were for a time closely united.
In chapters 2, 4, and 6 the attempt is made to show how selected philosophical texts are illuminated when read against the background of the dominant metaphysics of their time. Chapter 2 focusses on Hume, chapter 4 on Hegel, while chapter 6 turns to philosophical doctrines of the twentieth century.
Alan Ford
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097218
- eISBN:
- 9781526104472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097218.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Historians have traditionally identified Wentworth's viceroyalty (1633-41) as the point when the majority of Scottish Protestants in Ireland were reclassified by the government as potential opponents ...
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Historians have traditionally identified Wentworth's viceroyalty (1633-41) as the point when the majority of Scottish Protestants in Ireland were reclassified by the government as potential opponents of the state, because of their adherence to Presbyterianism. This essay traces the origins of Scottish non-conformity to the beginnings of Stuart rule in Ireland. While the Church of Ireland provided a comfortable refuge for English puritans, it did not necessarily serve the same function for the influx of Scottish Presbyterians arriving in Ireland after 1610. Because of the reverses they suffered in the 1580s English puritans became less concerned with church government than with the creation of godly communities at a parochial level. For Scottish Presbyterians, however, an independent kirk was essential to godliness. Accordingly by the 1620s the Scots had failed to integrate into the Puritan-dominated Church of Ireland, remaining separate and apart. Ulster’s proximity to the ‘radical south west’ of Scotland meant their numbers were greatly boosted by Scottish Presbyterians fleeing persecution at home. Ulster became a home-from-home for radicalism and religious innovation. When Wentworth’s crackdown commenced it may have driven many of the most radicalized back into western Scotland to participate in the Covenanting revolution and all that ensued.Less
Historians have traditionally identified Wentworth's viceroyalty (1633-41) as the point when the majority of Scottish Protestants in Ireland were reclassified by the government as potential opponents of the state, because of their adherence to Presbyterianism. This essay traces the origins of Scottish non-conformity to the beginnings of Stuart rule in Ireland. While the Church of Ireland provided a comfortable refuge for English puritans, it did not necessarily serve the same function for the influx of Scottish Presbyterians arriving in Ireland after 1610. Because of the reverses they suffered in the 1580s English puritans became less concerned with church government than with the creation of godly communities at a parochial level. For Scottish Presbyterians, however, an independent kirk was essential to godliness. Accordingly by the 1620s the Scots had failed to integrate into the Puritan-dominated Church of Ireland, remaining separate and apart. Ulster’s proximity to the ‘radical south west’ of Scotland meant their numbers were greatly boosted by Scottish Presbyterians fleeing persecution at home. Ulster became a home-from-home for radicalism and religious innovation. When Wentworth’s crackdown commenced it may have driven many of the most radicalized back into western Scotland to participate in the Covenanting revolution and all that ensued.
Theodore Zeldin
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198221777
- eISBN:
- 9780191678493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198221777.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses the aims of this book; one of which is to investigate the image of the French as thinking themselves as being, above all else, intelligent and to assess the place that ...
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This chapter discusses the aims of this book; one of which is to investigate the image of the French as thinking themselves as being, above all else, intelligent and to assess the place that intelligence, or reason, or ideas have in French life, to explain how intellectuals came to be held in such exceptionally high esteem, and to show the consequences this has had. This chapter further reveals that Modern French history can be usually interpreted in one of two ways: the more traditional approach and an alternative approach. The book's aim is that this may serve to throw some light on the question of how the French differed from other nations in this period. The method employed for this study is analytical in the sense that the book tries to disentangle the different elements and aspects of French life, and to study each independently and look at its inter-relationships. The book further aims for generalizations traditionally made about France to become, as it were, loose. In other words that it will be possible to see how they were invented, and by whom, and what they represent and what they conceal.Less
This chapter discusses the aims of this book; one of which is to investigate the image of the French as thinking themselves as being, above all else, intelligent and to assess the place that intelligence, or reason, or ideas have in French life, to explain how intellectuals came to be held in such exceptionally high esteem, and to show the consequences this has had. This chapter further reveals that Modern French history can be usually interpreted in one of two ways: the more traditional approach and an alternative approach. The book's aim is that this may serve to throw some light on the question of how the French differed from other nations in this period. The method employed for this study is analytical in the sense that the book tries to disentangle the different elements and aspects of French life, and to study each independently and look at its inter-relationships. The book further aims for generalizations traditionally made about France to become, as it were, loose. In other words that it will be possible to see how they were invented, and by whom, and what they represent and what they conceal.
Huaiyin Li
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836085
- eISBN:
- 9780824871338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836085.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the disciplinization of the writing and teaching of history, focusing on a debate from 1954 to 1956 on the periodization of modern Chinese history. This debate gave rise to a ...
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This chapter examines the disciplinization of the writing and teaching of history, focusing on a debate from 1954 to 1956 on the periodization of modern Chinese history. This debate gave rise to a new interpretive scheme for modern Chinese history that would dominate the field in the decades to come; but, more important, it showed us how far the official historians departed from the pragmatic tradition in their quest for a “true” Marxist methodology in historical research, how the revolutionary discourse prevailing in the humanities and social sciences since “thought reform” in the early 1950s shaped historians' thinking, and the problems with the disciplinization of history that eventually led to the eruption of the “historiographical revolution” in the late 1950s and mid-1960s.Less
This chapter examines the disciplinization of the writing and teaching of history, focusing on a debate from 1954 to 1956 on the periodization of modern Chinese history. This debate gave rise to a new interpretive scheme for modern Chinese history that would dominate the field in the decades to come; but, more important, it showed us how far the official historians departed from the pragmatic tradition in their quest for a “true” Marxist methodology in historical research, how the revolutionary discourse prevailing in the humanities and social sciences since “thought reform” in the early 1950s shaped historians' thinking, and the problems with the disciplinization of history that eventually led to the eruption of the “historiographical revolution” in the late 1950s and mid-1960s.
