W. K. Estes
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195073355
- eISBN:
- 9780199867899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195073355.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of classification and cognition, focusing on the terms concepts and categories, active and passive approaches to categorization, and categorization ...
More
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of classification and cognition, focusing on the terms concepts and categories, active and passive approaches to categorization, and categorization and induction. It then describes the array model framework.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of classification and cognition, focusing on the terms concepts and categories, active and passive approaches to categorization, and categorization and induction. It then describes the array model framework.
Rafal Goebel, Ricardo G. Sanfelice, and Andrew R. Teel
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153896
- eISBN:
- 9781400842636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153896.003.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This chapter presents the model of a hybrid system to be used in this volume. The focus is on the data structure and on modeling. The model suggests that the flow set, the flow map, the jump set, and ...
More
This chapter presents the model of a hybrid system to be used in this volume. The focus is on the data structure and on modeling. The model suggests that the flow set, the flow map, the jump set, and the jump map can be specialized to capture the dynamics of purely continuous-time or discrete-time systems on ℝn. The former corresponds to a flow set equal to ℝn and an empty jump set, while the latter can be captured with an empty flow set and a jump set defined as ℝn. In addition, several examples of hybrid systems are given, including models of hybrid control systems. The model of a hybrid system is then related to other modeling frameworks; such as hybrid automata, impulsive differential equations, and switching systems.Less
This chapter presents the model of a hybrid system to be used in this volume. The focus is on the data structure and on modeling. The model suggests that the flow set, the flow map, the jump set, and the jump map can be specialized to capture the dynamics of purely continuous-time or discrete-time systems on ℝn. The former corresponds to a flow set equal to ℝn and an empty jump set, while the latter can be captured with an empty flow set and a jump set defined as ℝn. In addition, several examples of hybrid systems are given, including models of hybrid control systems. The model of a hybrid system is then related to other modeling frameworks; such as hybrid automata, impulsive differential equations, and switching systems.
William D. Collins and Masaki Satoh
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012874
- eISBN:
- 9780262255448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012874.003.0020
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
This chapter describes the global simulations of climate change based on traditional cloud and cumulus parameterizations and the open issues in the global simulation of perturbed clouds. It discusses ...
More
This chapter describes the global simulations of climate change based on traditional cloud and cumulus parameterizations and the open issues in the global simulation of perturbed clouds. It discusses the emerging approaches in global process-oriented cloud modeling, which include global cloud-resolving models (GCRMs) and the multiscale modeling framework. In addition, the chapter considers cloud responses to an idealized global warming in a GCRM.Less
This chapter describes the global simulations of climate change based on traditional cloud and cumulus parameterizations and the open issues in the global simulation of perturbed clouds. It discusses the emerging approaches in global process-oriented cloud modeling, which include global cloud-resolving models (GCRMs) and the multiscale modeling framework. In addition, the chapter considers cloud responses to an idealized global warming in a GCRM.
Jack M. Balkin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198754527
- eISBN:
- 9780191816161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198754527.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
The author argues that the constitution is in a way the product of interpretation—what it is is always in the process of being constructed. At most we have a framework for that construction, but the ...
More
The author argues that the constitution is in a way the product of interpretation—what it is is always in the process of being constructed. At most we have a framework for that construction, but the framework is itself vulnerable to reconstruction over time. While, as the author acknowledges, his framework model has some affinity with the interpretive approach to law recommended by Dworkin, he distinguishes his argument from Dworkin’s by emphasizing the role of politics and political movements in the construction process. In light of this role, the appearance of judicial supremacy in the US legal order is deceptive since judges are far more responsive to politics than is ordinarily appreciated, which makes political movements and the individuals in them as much interpreters of the constitution as the judiciary.Less
The author argues that the constitution is in a way the product of interpretation—what it is is always in the process of being constructed. At most we have a framework for that construction, but the framework is itself vulnerable to reconstruction over time. While, as the author acknowledges, his framework model has some affinity with the interpretive approach to law recommended by Dworkin, he distinguishes his argument from Dworkin’s by emphasizing the role of politics and political movements in the construction process. In light of this role, the appearance of judicial supremacy in the US legal order is deceptive since judges are far more responsive to politics than is ordinarily appreciated, which makes political movements and the individuals in them as much interpreters of the constitution as the judiciary.
Pablo A. Iglesias and Brian P. Ingalls (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013345
- eISBN:
- 9780262258906
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013345.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biomathematics / Statistics and Data Analysis / Complexity Studies
Issues of regulation and control are central to the study of biological and biochemical systems. Thus it is not surprising that the tools of feedback control theory—engineering techniques developed ...
More
Issues of regulation and control are central to the study of biological and biochemical systems. Thus it is not surprising that the tools of feedback control theory—engineering techniques developed to design and analyze self-regulating systems—have proven useful in the study of these biological mechanisms. Such interdisciplinary work requires knowledge of the results, tools, and techniques of another discipline, as well as an understanding of the culture of an unfamiliar research community. This book attempts to bridge the gap between disciplines by presenting applications of systems and control theory to cell biology that range from surveys of established material to descriptions of new developments in the field. The first chapter offers a primer on concepts from dynamical systems and control theory, which allows the life scientist with no background in control theory to understand the concepts presented in the rest of the book. Following the introduction of ordinary differential equation-based modeling in the first chapter, the second and third chapters discuss alternative modeling frameworks. The remaining chapters sample a variety of applications, considering such topics as quantitative measures of dynamic behavior, modularity, stoichiometry, robust control techniques, and network identification.Less
Issues of regulation and control are central to the study of biological and biochemical systems. Thus it is not surprising that the tools of feedback control theory—engineering techniques developed to design and analyze self-regulating systems—have proven useful in the study of these biological mechanisms. Such interdisciplinary work requires knowledge of the results, tools, and techniques of another discipline, as well as an understanding of the culture of an unfamiliar research community. This book attempts to bridge the gap between disciplines by presenting applications of systems and control theory to cell biology that range from surveys of established material to descriptions of new developments in the field. The first chapter offers a primer on concepts from dynamical systems and control theory, which allows the life scientist with no background in control theory to understand the concepts presented in the rest of the book. Following the introduction of ordinary differential equation-based modeling in the first chapter, the second and third chapters discuss alternative modeling frameworks. The remaining chapters sample a variety of applications, considering such topics as quantitative measures of dynamic behavior, modularity, stoichiometry, robust control techniques, and network identification.
David Garcia, Antonios Garas, and Frank Schweitzer
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199659180
- eISBN:
- 9780191772238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659180.003.0026
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Collective emotions in online social systems emerge through the interaction of thousands of Internet users. Their digital traces, i.e., the messages posted in chatrooms, fora, or product review ...
More
Collective emotions in online social systems emerge through the interaction of thousands of Internet users. Their digital traces, i.e., the messages posted in chatrooms, fora, or product review communities, can be analyzed by means of statistical methods and sentiment detection, to reveal patterns in their online activity and emotional expressions. These findings are reproduced by agent-based models, in which agents’ emotional states are characterized by their individual valence (pleasantness or unpleasantness) and their arousal (the activity level associated with the emotion). Both variables change according to a stochastic dynamics, which follows the concept of Brownian agents. Regarding the emotional influence, different hypotheses about the agents’ responses to emotional information provided through the online medium are tested in this chapter. The chapter outlines the authors’ general framework of emotional communication, applying it to model emotional influence in product reviews communities and chatrooms. Further comments on the baseline of emotional expressions in text, and on the sharing of messages dependent on their emotional content are presented.Less
Collective emotions in online social systems emerge through the interaction of thousands of Internet users. Their digital traces, i.e., the messages posted in chatrooms, fora, or product review communities, can be analyzed by means of statistical methods and sentiment detection, to reveal patterns in their online activity and emotional expressions. These findings are reproduced by agent-based models, in which agents’ emotional states are characterized by their individual valence (pleasantness or unpleasantness) and their arousal (the activity level associated with the emotion). Both variables change according to a stochastic dynamics, which follows the concept of Brownian agents. Regarding the emotional influence, different hypotheses about the agents’ responses to emotional information provided through the online medium are tested in this chapter. The chapter outlines the authors’ general framework of emotional communication, applying it to model emotional influence in product reviews communities and chatrooms. Further comments on the baseline of emotional expressions in text, and on the sharing of messages dependent on their emotional content are presented.
