Mark Kanazawa
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226258676
- eISBN:
- 9780226258706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226258706.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Chapter 5 examines the origins of informal rules governing mining and water rights within the network of mining camps that emerged spontaneously throughout the gold fields. The chapter describes the ...
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Chapter 5 examines the origins of informal rules governing mining and water rights within the network of mining camps that emerged spontaneously throughout the gold fields. The chapter describes the origins of property rights in the increasing congestion in the gold fields, especially after the miners began to appear on the scene in large numbers in late-1849. The creation of mining camps occurred with increasing demands both for order and for ways to resolve disputes over claims and water rights. The emergence of mining camps is seen as a manifestation of local attempts to manage common property resources in order to prevent rent dissipation. A close reading of mining codes written in these camps suggests that many provisions were driven by various economic imperatives, including support for investment security, provision of secure rights to gold and water, and permitting miners to take advantage of technological advance and growing economies of scale over time. Finally, water rights provisions that were contained in the codes provided differential treatment of water depending upon the extent to which it exhibited the features of public vs. private goods.Less
Chapter 5 examines the origins of informal rules governing mining and water rights within the network of mining camps that emerged spontaneously throughout the gold fields. The chapter describes the origins of property rights in the increasing congestion in the gold fields, especially after the miners began to appear on the scene in large numbers in late-1849. The creation of mining camps occurred with increasing demands both for order and for ways to resolve disputes over claims and water rights. The emergence of mining camps is seen as a manifestation of local attempts to manage common property resources in order to prevent rent dissipation. A close reading of mining codes written in these camps suggests that many provisions were driven by various economic imperatives, including support for investment security, provision of secure rights to gold and water, and permitting miners to take advantage of technological advance and growing economies of scale over time. Finally, water rights provisions that were contained in the codes provided differential treatment of water depending upon the extent to which it exhibited the features of public vs. private goods.
Mark Kanazawa
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226258676
- eISBN:
- 9780226258706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226258706.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Chapter 6 examines the movement from the unofficial law of water rights as developed in the mining camps to the official law, as promulgated in the state courts. This movement occurred as camps ...
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Chapter 6 examines the movement from the unofficial law of water rights as developed in the mining camps to the official law, as promulgated in the state courts. This movement occurred as camps experienced various sources of instability, including corruption, enforcement costs, internal camp politics, and increasing generalized dissatisfaction with camp rules. These factors made it increasingly difficult over time for camps to keep order and enforce rights, encouraging miners to increasingly favor reliance on external governance mechanisms, both legislative and judicial. The state courts would largely defer to local mining camp rules and customs, lending lasting influence to the rules crafted in the mining camps. Thus, miners ended up with the substance of many of their own rules and were backed by the enforcement machinery and resources of the states.Less
Chapter 6 examines the movement from the unofficial law of water rights as developed in the mining camps to the official law, as promulgated in the state courts. This movement occurred as camps experienced various sources of instability, including corruption, enforcement costs, internal camp politics, and increasing generalized dissatisfaction with camp rules. These factors made it increasingly difficult over time for camps to keep order and enforce rights, encouraging miners to increasingly favor reliance on external governance mechanisms, both legislative and judicial. The state courts would largely defer to local mining camp rules and customs, lending lasting influence to the rules crafted in the mining camps. Thus, miners ended up with the substance of many of their own rules and were backed by the enforcement machinery and resources of the states.
Mark Kanazawa
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226258676
- eISBN:
- 9780226258706
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226258706.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This book examines the origins of California surface water law in the earliest years of statehood: the decade of the 1850’s. This decade was dominated by a key event in California history, the Gold ...
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This book examines the origins of California surface water law in the earliest years of statehood: the decade of the 1850’s. This decade was dominated by a key event in California history, the Gold Rush. The Gold Rush comprised a major exogenous shock to the California economy, resulting in tremendous economic and population growth within an extremely short period of time, along with significant structural changes to the economy. Importantly, the Gold Rush caused a dramatic increase in the demand for water, a key factor input into placer mining. The increased use of water led to a large number of disputes among miners over its use, which set into motion a series of changes in how water rights were defined and how disputes over water rights were to be resolved. The emergence of California water law was a complex process that contained both formal and informal elements. A key component of the picture was the creation of basic legal principles within a network of mining camps. Many of these principles were subsequently incorporated into the official system of water law as promulgated by the courts. This book examines legal developments that governed disputes in three key areas: diversions of water, water quality, and dam failures. The resulting principles were broadly consistent with attempts to maximize rents within local water basins, including the minimization of various components of transaction costs, including enforcement and measurement costs.Less
This book examines the origins of California surface water law in the earliest years of statehood: the decade of the 1850’s. This decade was dominated by a key event in California history, the Gold Rush. The Gold Rush comprised a major exogenous shock to the California economy, resulting in tremendous economic and population growth within an extremely short period of time, along with significant structural changes to the economy. Importantly, the Gold Rush caused a dramatic increase in the demand for water, a key factor input into placer mining. The increased use of water led to a large number of disputes among miners over its use, which set into motion a series of changes in how water rights were defined and how disputes over water rights were to be resolved. The emergence of California water law was a complex process that contained both formal and informal elements. A key component of the picture was the creation of basic legal principles within a network of mining camps. Many of these principles were subsequently incorporated into the official system of water law as promulgated by the courts. This book examines legal developments that governed disputes in three key areas: diversions of water, water quality, and dam failures. The resulting principles were broadly consistent with attempts to maximize rents within local water basins, including the minimization of various components of transaction costs, including enforcement and measurement costs.
Edward Dallam Melillo
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300206623
- eISBN:
- 9780300216486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300206623.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This epilogue considers the remnants of the deep historical connections between Chile and California. In California, Place-names, such as Chili Gulch (Calaveras County), Chili Bar (El Dorado County), ...
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This epilogue considers the remnants of the deep historical connections between Chile and California. In California, Place-names, such as Chili Gulch (Calaveras County), Chili Bar (El Dorado County), Chileno Valley (Marin County), Chileno Creek (Merced County), and Chileno Canyon (Los Angeles County) attest to the sites where Chilean pioneers established mining camps or longer-term settlements. Below the streets of San Francisco, the mud-sealed hulls of Chilean ships serve as a subterranean skeleton for the city's shoreline district. In Chile, stretches of iron railroad track, omnipresent clusters of poppies, and ubiquitous stands of Monterey pines serve as tangible reminders of the Californian presence in Chile's landscapes. In 2008, Chilean scientists recorded 1212 alien plant species in California and 593 in central Chile, of which 491 are shared between the two regions.Less
This epilogue considers the remnants of the deep historical connections between Chile and California. In California, Place-names, such as Chili Gulch (Calaveras County), Chili Bar (El Dorado County), Chileno Valley (Marin County), Chileno Creek (Merced County), and Chileno Canyon (Los Angeles County) attest to the sites where Chilean pioneers established mining camps or longer-term settlements. Below the streets of San Francisco, the mud-sealed hulls of Chilean ships serve as a subterranean skeleton for the city's shoreline district. In Chile, stretches of iron railroad track, omnipresent clusters of poppies, and ubiquitous stands of Monterey pines serve as tangible reminders of the Californian presence in Chile's landscapes. In 2008, Chilean scientists recorded 1212 alien plant species in California and 593 in central Chile, of which 491 are shared between the two regions.
Hasia R. Diner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300178647
- eISBN:
- 9780300210194
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300178647.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
Between the late 1700s and the 1920s, nearly one-third of the world's Jews emigrated to new lands. Crossing borders and often oceans, they followed paths paved by the intrepid peddlers who preceded ...
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Between the late 1700s and the 1920s, nearly one-third of the world's Jews emigrated to new lands. Crossing borders and often oceans, they followed paths paved by the intrepid peddlers who preceded them. This book tells the remarkable story of the Jewish men who put packs on their backs and traveled forth, house to house, farm to farm, mining camp to mining camp, to sell their goods to peoples across the world. Persistent and resourceful, these peddlers propelled a mass migration of Jewish families out of central and eastern Europe, north Africa, and the Ottoman Empire to destinations as far-flung as the United States, Great Britain, South Africa, and Latin America. This book tells the story of millions of discontented young Jewish men who sought opportunity abroad, leaving parents, wives, and sweethearts behind. Wherever they went, they learned unfamiliar languages and customs, endured loneliness, battled the elements, and proffered goods from the metropolis to people of the hinterlands. In the Irish Midlands, the Adirondacks of New York, the mining camps of New South Wales, and so many other places, these traveling men brought change—to themselves and the families who later followed, to the women whose homes and communities they entered, and ultimately to the geography of Jewish history.Less
Between the late 1700s and the 1920s, nearly one-third of the world's Jews emigrated to new lands. Crossing borders and often oceans, they followed paths paved by the intrepid peddlers who preceded them. This book tells the remarkable story of the Jewish men who put packs on their backs and traveled forth, house to house, farm to farm, mining camp to mining camp, to sell their goods to peoples across the world. Persistent and resourceful, these peddlers propelled a mass migration of Jewish families out of central and eastern Europe, north Africa, and the Ottoman Empire to destinations as far-flung as the United States, Great Britain, South Africa, and Latin America. This book tells the story of millions of discontented young Jewish men who sought opportunity abroad, leaving parents, wives, and sweethearts behind. Wherever they went, they learned unfamiliar languages and customs, endured loneliness, battled the elements, and proffered goods from the metropolis to people of the hinterlands. In the Irish Midlands, the Adirondacks of New York, the mining camps of New South Wales, and so many other places, these traveling men brought change—to themselves and the families who later followed, to the women whose homes and communities they entered, and ultimately to the geography of Jewish history.
Lynn Abbot and Doug Seroff
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617036750
- eISBN:
- 9781621039150
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617036750.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This book traces black vocal music instruction and inspiration from the halls of Fisk University to the mining camps of Birmingham and Bessemer, Alabama, and on to Chicago and New Orleans. In the ...
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This book traces black vocal music instruction and inspiration from the halls of Fisk University to the mining camps of Birmingham and Bessemer, Alabama, and on to Chicago and New Orleans. In the 1870s, the Original Fisk University Jubilee Singers successfully combined Negro spirituals with formal choral music disciplines, and established a permanent bond between spiritual singing and music education. Early in the twentieth century there were countless initiatives in support of black vocal music training conducted on both national and local levels. The surge in black religious quartet singing that occurred in the 1920s owed much to this vocal music education movement. In Bessemer, Alabama, the effect of school music instruction was magnified by the emergence of community-based quartet trainers who translated the spirit and substance of the music education movement for the inhabitants of working-class neighborhoods. These trainers adapted standard musical precepts, traditional folk practices, and popular music conventions to create something new and vital. Bessemer’s musical values directly influenced the early development of gospel quartet singing in Chicago and New Orleans through the authority of emigrant trainers whose efforts bear witness to the effectiveness of “trickle down” black music education. A cappella gospel quartets remained prominent well into the 1950s, but by the end of the century the close harmony aesthetic had fallen out of practice, and the community-based trainers who were its champions had virtually disappeared, foreshadowing the end of this remarkable musical tradition.Less
This book traces black vocal music instruction and inspiration from the halls of Fisk University to the mining camps of Birmingham and Bessemer, Alabama, and on to Chicago and New Orleans. In the 1870s, the Original Fisk University Jubilee Singers successfully combined Negro spirituals with formal choral music disciplines, and established a permanent bond between spiritual singing and music education. Early in the twentieth century there were countless initiatives in support of black vocal music training conducted on both national and local levels. The surge in black religious quartet singing that occurred in the 1920s owed much to this vocal music education movement. In Bessemer, Alabama, the effect of school music instruction was magnified by the emergence of community-based quartet trainers who translated the spirit and substance of the music education movement for the inhabitants of working-class neighborhoods. These trainers adapted standard musical precepts, traditional folk practices, and popular music conventions to create something new and vital. Bessemer’s musical values directly influenced the early development of gospel quartet singing in Chicago and New Orleans through the authority of emigrant trainers whose efforts bear witness to the effectiveness of “trickle down” black music education. A cappella gospel quartets remained prominent well into the 1950s, but by the end of the century the close harmony aesthetic had fallen out of practice, and the community-based trainers who were its champions had virtually disappeared, foreshadowing the end of this remarkable musical tradition.
