José María Guembe
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199291922
- eISBN:
- 9780191603716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199291926.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Since its return to democracy, Argentina has made great efforts to address the legacy of the last military dictatorship. This paper presents a complete overview of the Argentinean policy of economic ...
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Since its return to democracy, Argentina has made great efforts to address the legacy of the last military dictatorship. This paper presents a complete overview of the Argentinean policy of economic reparations for the victims of human rights violations committed between 1975-1983, including the beneficiaries, the crimes for which victims received reparations, the amounts paid, and the forms of payment. It analyzes the motivations for redressing the victims, from both national and international perspectives. It identifies the positions adopted by the different actors involved in the measures, especially the State and human rights organizations. The latter gained undeniable legitimacy by representing the victims and has consolidated into a group that has become the main actor on issues related to the legacy of the military dictatorship. The paper also focuses on economic, legal, and political questions that have arisen during the process of designing and implementing the reparation policy.Less
Since its return to democracy, Argentina has made great efforts to address the legacy of the last military dictatorship. This paper presents a complete overview of the Argentinean policy of economic reparations for the victims of human rights violations committed between 1975-1983, including the beneficiaries, the crimes for which victims received reparations, the amounts paid, and the forms of payment. It analyzes the motivations for redressing the victims, from both national and international perspectives. It identifies the positions adopted by the different actors involved in the measures, especially the State and human rights organizations. The latter gained undeniable legitimacy by representing the victims and has consolidated into a group that has become the main actor on issues related to the legacy of the military dictatorship. The paper also focuses on economic, legal, and political questions that have arisen during the process of designing and implementing the reparation policy.
Matthew Rendle
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199236251
- eISBN:
- 9780191717154
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236251.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines how organizations representing nobles, landowners, and officers were forging greater links by August 1917, uniting with industrialists, politicians, and the clergy to form a ...
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This chapter examines how organizations representing nobles, landowners, and officers were forging greater links by August 1917, uniting with industrialists, politicians, and the clergy to form a recognizable ‘conservative movement’. This movement was united in its calls for a ‘strong government’, which fuelled growing popular fears of imminent counter‐revolution. Yet, this chapter argues, despite having an obvious figurehead in General Kornilov, and elements pressing for a military dictatorship, elites continued to have different visions of Russia's future government. In particular, doubts over the viability and desirability of a military dictatorship made the failure of Kornilov's revolt at the end of August inevitable. Nevertheless, for ordinary Russians, the revolt demonstrated the real threat posed by counter‐revolutionary forces and led to an aggressive reaction against officers and other elites, making it difficult for them to maintain their activities in subsequent months.Less
This chapter examines how organizations representing nobles, landowners, and officers were forging greater links by August 1917, uniting with industrialists, politicians, and the clergy to form a recognizable ‘conservative movement’. This movement was united in its calls for a ‘strong government’, which fuelled growing popular fears of imminent counter‐revolution. Yet, this chapter argues, despite having an obvious figurehead in General Kornilov, and elements pressing for a military dictatorship, elites continued to have different visions of Russia's future government. In particular, doubts over the viability and desirability of a military dictatorship made the failure of Kornilov's revolt at the end of August inevitable. Nevertheless, for ordinary Russians, the revolt demonstrated the real threat posed by counter‐revolutionary forces and led to an aggressive reaction against officers and other elites, making it difficult for them to maintain their activities in subsequent months.
Sarah Sarzynski
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781503603691
- eISBN:
- 9781503605596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503603691.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
After a long silence, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Ligas Camponesas resurfaced to critique the dictatorship and demand re-democratization in Brazil. The chapter analyzes how the Ligas ...
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After a long silence, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Ligas Camponesas resurfaced to critique the dictatorship and demand re-democratization in Brazil. The chapter analyzes how the Ligas Camponesas and the struggles of the 1950s and 1960s were recalled in oral histories and memoirs produced during Brazil’s transition from dictatorship to democracy, including Eduardo Coutinho’s 1984 documentary, Cabra marcado para morrer, a popular historical account about the Ligas and the Northeast during the dictatorship. Expressing many of the political concerns of the era and using “reality effects” including stereotypes associated with the o Nordeste, the film challenged the military’s official history of the Ligas as criminal, suggesting the impossibility of “healing” and a new framework for organizing people’s memories. The chapter analyzes the film’s narratives about family and motherhood in the context of the 1980s and in relation to other militant women’s memories about the coup.Less
After a long silence, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Ligas Camponesas resurfaced to critique the dictatorship and demand re-democratization in Brazil. The chapter analyzes how the Ligas Camponesas and the struggles of the 1950s and 1960s were recalled in oral histories and memoirs produced during Brazil’s transition from dictatorship to democracy, including Eduardo Coutinho’s 1984 documentary, Cabra marcado para morrer, a popular historical account about the Ligas and the Northeast during the dictatorship. Expressing many of the political concerns of the era and using “reality effects” including stereotypes associated with the o Nordeste, the film challenged the military’s official history of the Ligas as criminal, suggesting the impossibility of “healing” and a new framework for organizing people’s memories. The chapter analyzes the film’s narratives about family and motherhood in the context of the 1980s and in relation to other militant women’s memories about the coup.
Victoria Fortuna
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190627010
- eISBN:
- 9780190627058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190627010.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, Dance, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter examines how choreographers integrated tango themes in contemporary dance works that engage the physical and psychic trauma of the last military dictatorship (1976–83). It begins with ...
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This chapter examines how choreographers integrated tango themes in contemporary dance works that engage the physical and psychic trauma of the last military dictatorship (1976–83). It begins with Susana Tambutti’s La puñalada (The Stab, 1985), a solo work that cites tango culture to address histories of violence in Argentina. It then considers Silvia Hodgers’s María Mar (1998), which confronts Hodgers’s experience as a political prisoner in the early 1970s, the loss of her partner to forced disappearance, and her exile in Geneva. The discussion draws on the Swiss documentary Juntos: Un Retour en Argentine (Together: A Return to Argentina), which features clips of María Mar alongside footage of Hodgers’s trip to Buenos Aires in 2000. Finally, the chapter examines Silvia Vladimivsky’s El nombre, otros tangos (The Name, Other Tangos, 2006) as well as her appearance in the Italian documentary Alma doble (Double Soul), which follows the development of this piece.Less
This chapter examines how choreographers integrated tango themes in contemporary dance works that engage the physical and psychic trauma of the last military dictatorship (1976–83). It begins with Susana Tambutti’s La puñalada (The Stab, 1985), a solo work that cites tango culture to address histories of violence in Argentina. It then considers Silvia Hodgers’s María Mar (1998), which confronts Hodgers’s experience as a political prisoner in the early 1970s, the loss of her partner to forced disappearance, and her exile in Geneva. The discussion draws on the Swiss documentary Juntos: Un Retour en Argentine (Together: A Return to Argentina), which features clips of María Mar alongside footage of Hodgers’s trip to Buenos Aires in 2000. Finally, the chapter examines Silvia Vladimivsky’s El nombre, otros tangos (The Name, Other Tangos, 2006) as well as her appearance in the Italian documentary Alma doble (Double Soul), which follows the development of this piece.
Gilberto Marcos and Antonio Rodrigues
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199797769
- eISBN:
- 9780199919369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199797769.003.0022
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) views of the responsibility to protect (RtoP). The LAC region currently experiences a situation of relative peace when compared to other ...
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This chapter focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) views of the responsibility to protect (RtoP). The LAC region currently experiences a situation of relative peace when compared to other continents, as it does not present any manifest cases of the RtoP. Its urgency to discuss and promote the theme is strongly related to the memory of atrocities committed in the period of military dictatorships (1960–1990s), whose sequels are still felt and still affect the safeguard of human rights. In parallel, opposers to the RtoP coherently invoke, even if distortedly, the history of political, military, and economic interventions made by the U.S. for the sake of democracy. In that regard, the post-9/11 period is viewed as a real threat to future actions in the region.Less
This chapter focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) views of the responsibility to protect (RtoP). The LAC region currently experiences a situation of relative peace when compared to other continents, as it does not present any manifest cases of the RtoP. Its urgency to discuss and promote the theme is strongly related to the memory of atrocities committed in the period of military dictatorships (1960–1990s), whose sequels are still felt and still affect the safeguard of human rights. In parallel, opposers to the RtoP coherently invoke, even if distortedly, the history of political, military, and economic interventions made by the U.S. for the sake of democracy. In that regard, the post-9/11 period is viewed as a real threat to future actions in the region.
Gonda Van Steen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718321
- eISBN:
- 9780191787621
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718321.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
Through theater’s probing lens, this book offers a critique of cultural life in Greece during the dictatorship years, a topic that has remained largely unexplored. It analyzes the plays and ...
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Through theater’s probing lens, this book offers a critique of cultural life in Greece during the dictatorship years, a topic that has remained largely unexplored. It analyzes the plays and performances that took the pulse of particular moments of the so-called junta era (or the years of the Colonels), but these particulars broaden into a more general reexamination of Greek culture of the late 1960s and 1970s. Thus this book situates Greek play production in the constant battle to avoid frontal assaults with the regime’s censors, but it also highlights the links between Greek theater’s “Performative Turn” and the global student and youth movement of the late 1960s. The Greek countercultural student movement achieved international prominence by fall 1973, and theater played an active role in escalating tensions. Performance combined with student activism allowed Greek stage practitioners to subvert the regime’s histrionics and censorship and also to experiment with a novel language of political dissent. The extraordinary vibrancy of the Greek stage of emergency turned performance into a dynamic transcultural project during a period marred by a crisis of political legitimacy. The reinvigorated Greek stage displayed a high degree of historical consciousness and embraced revisionist cultural critique as well. The chapters and case studies shed light on these theatrical developments but also on the politics of culture and censorship affecting the Greek public.Less
Through theater’s probing lens, this book offers a critique of cultural life in Greece during the dictatorship years, a topic that has remained largely unexplored. It analyzes the plays and performances that took the pulse of particular moments of the so-called junta era (or the years of the Colonels), but these particulars broaden into a more general reexamination of Greek culture of the late 1960s and 1970s. Thus this book situates Greek play production in the constant battle to avoid frontal assaults with the regime’s censors, but it also highlights the links between Greek theater’s “Performative Turn” and the global student and youth movement of the late 1960s. The Greek countercultural student movement achieved international prominence by fall 1973, and theater played an active role in escalating tensions. Performance combined with student activism allowed Greek stage practitioners to subvert the regime’s histrionics and censorship and also to experiment with a novel language of political dissent. The extraordinary vibrancy of the Greek stage of emergency turned performance into a dynamic transcultural project during a period marred by a crisis of political legitimacy. The reinvigorated Greek stage displayed a high degree of historical consciousness and embraced revisionist cultural critique as well. The chapters and case studies shed light on these theatrical developments but also on the politics of culture and censorship affecting the Greek public.
John Deak
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804795579
- eISBN:
- 9780804795937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804795579.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Chapter abstract: This chapter serves as an epilogue to the book. In the first few weeks of the First World War, a state of emergency permanently derailed Austria's 150-year state-building project. ...
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Chapter abstract: This chapter serves as an epilogue to the book. In the first few weeks of the First World War, a state of emergency permanently derailed Austria's 150-year state-building project. Military necessity became the order of the day, implementing new draconian laws and leaving the administration of justice to local military commanders and over-zealous gendarmes. Mobilization depleted the ranks of local bureaucrats in the center of the monarchy while invading Russian armies expelled administrators from Galicia and the Bukovina to far corners of the monarchy. The state that had evolved over the past 150 years had become a multinational polity and was in a continual process of renewal and reform. That process came abruptly to an end.Less
Chapter abstract: This chapter serves as an epilogue to the book. In the first few weeks of the First World War, a state of emergency permanently derailed Austria's 150-year state-building project. Military necessity became the order of the day, implementing new draconian laws and leaving the administration of justice to local military commanders and over-zealous gendarmes. Mobilization depleted the ranks of local bureaucrats in the center of the monarchy while invading Russian armies expelled administrators from Galicia and the Bukovina to far corners of the monarchy. The state that had evolved over the past 150 years had become a multinational polity and was in a continual process of renewal and reform. That process came abruptly to an end.
Sarah Sarzynski
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781503603691
- eISBN:
- 9781503605596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503603691.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter examines how discourses of religious practices and beliefs of messianism and Catholic radicalism functioned to both unite rural workers and criminalize the rural social movements, while ...
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This chapter examines how discourses of religious practices and beliefs of messianism and Catholic radicalism functioned to both unite rural workers and criminalize the rural social movements, while also coding o Nordeste as fanatical and non-modern. By connecting films and popular culture to rural social movement publications and U.S. and Brazilian government documents, the chapter shows the conflicting ways in which political and cultural actors resurrected the historical messianic movement and war of Canudos (1896-7) in the 1960s. Conservatives emphasized the “fanatical” features of social movement leaders and participants, mobilizing the dominant stereotype of Nordestinos as religiously devious. Rural social movements established their own religiously based narrative of a revolutionary Jesus who fought against the wealthy for the poor. The radicalization of Catholic doctrine along with debates about the meaning of past struggles in the Northeast such as Canudos both shifted and upheld the prevailing constructions of Northeastern Brazil.Less
This chapter examines how discourses of religious practices and beliefs of messianism and Catholic radicalism functioned to both unite rural workers and criminalize the rural social movements, while also coding o Nordeste as fanatical and non-modern. By connecting films and popular culture to rural social movement publications and U.S. and Brazilian government documents, the chapter shows the conflicting ways in which political and cultural actors resurrected the historical messianic movement and war of Canudos (1896-7) in the 1960s. Conservatives emphasized the “fanatical” features of social movement leaders and participants, mobilizing the dominant stereotype of Nordestinos as religiously devious. Rural social movements established their own religiously based narrative of a revolutionary Jesus who fought against the wealthy for the poor. The radicalization of Catholic doctrine along with debates about the meaning of past struggles in the Northeast such as Canudos both shifted and upheld the prevailing constructions of Northeastern Brazil.
Gonda Van Steen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198718321
- eISBN:
- 9780191787621
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718321.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
Chapter 3 presents a diptych of antithetical stage representations of Greek history, continuity, and heroism. It discusses the military regime’s attempted monopoly on culture, language, and imagery ...
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Chapter 3 presents a diptych of antithetical stage representations of Greek history, continuity, and heroism. It discusses the military regime’s attempted monopoly on culture, language, and imagery and its fascist-style use of the classics for propaganda purposes. By way of an in-depth analysis of Our Grand Circus, a contemporary Greek play written by Iakovos Kambanelles (and produced in 1973 by the popular actor-pair Jenny Kareze and Kostas Kazakos of the Kareze-Kazakos Theater Company), the second half of Chapter 3 unmasks the dynamics with which the Colonels manipulated the terms of political legitimacy, national “salvation,” and religious and moral restoration. Mass spectacle became another means to the regime’s end of “forging” a public consensus about the “regenerative” work to which it had committed itself. In contract, Kambanelles’s revolutionary work deconstructed tyrannical meaning, dared to stage defeat and deprivation, and thus debunked the glorious myth of patriotic Greek victories through the agesLess
Chapter 3 presents a diptych of antithetical stage representations of Greek history, continuity, and heroism. It discusses the military regime’s attempted monopoly on culture, language, and imagery and its fascist-style use of the classics for propaganda purposes. By way of an in-depth analysis of Our Grand Circus, a contemporary Greek play written by Iakovos Kambanelles (and produced in 1973 by the popular actor-pair Jenny Kareze and Kostas Kazakos of the Kareze-Kazakos Theater Company), the second half of Chapter 3 unmasks the dynamics with which the Colonels manipulated the terms of political legitimacy, national “salvation,” and religious and moral restoration. Mass spectacle became another means to the regime’s end of “forging” a public consensus about the “regenerative” work to which it had committed itself. In contract, Kambanelles’s revolutionary work deconstructed tyrannical meaning, dared to stage defeat and deprivation, and thus debunked the glorious myth of patriotic Greek victories through the ages
Leslie L. Marsh
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037252
- eISBN:
- 9780252094378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037252.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter looks at Tizuka Yamasaki, another “offspring” of Cinema Novo directors and one of the first women filmmakers to establish a continuous career trajectory in filmmaking. Yamasaki, who ...
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This chapter looks at Tizuka Yamasaki, another “offspring” of Cinema Novo directors and one of the first women filmmakers to establish a continuous career trajectory in filmmaking. Yamasaki, who claims she inaugurated a “cinema of emotion” in the 1980s, strategically turned to melodrama to comment on Brazil's past in an effort not only to address lacunae in official versions of Brazil's history but also to contribute discursively to a process of redefining citizenship during the years of political opening before the official end of the military dictatorship. The chapter then studies Yamasaki's first, highly acclaimed films from the 1980s, including Gaijin: Os Caminhos da Liberdade (Gaijin: Paths to Freedom, 1980), Parahyba, Mulher Macho (Parahyba, Manly Woman, 1983), and Patriamada (Sing, the Beloved Country, 1984).Less
This chapter looks at Tizuka Yamasaki, another “offspring” of Cinema Novo directors and one of the first women filmmakers to establish a continuous career trajectory in filmmaking. Yamasaki, who claims she inaugurated a “cinema of emotion” in the 1980s, strategically turned to melodrama to comment on Brazil's past in an effort not only to address lacunae in official versions of Brazil's history but also to contribute discursively to a process of redefining citizenship during the years of political opening before the official end of the military dictatorship. The chapter then studies Yamasaki's first, highly acclaimed films from the 1980s, including Gaijin: Os Caminhos da Liberdade (Gaijin: Paths to Freedom, 1980), Parahyba, Mulher Macho (Parahyba, Manly Woman, 1983), and Patriamada (Sing, the Beloved Country, 1984).
Youngju Ryu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824839871
- eISBN:
- 9780824868383
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824839871.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In 1975, a young high school teacher took the stage at a prayer meeting in a southwestern Korean city to recite a poem called “The Winter Republic.” The poem became an anthem against the military ...
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In 1975, a young high school teacher took the stage at a prayer meeting in a southwestern Korean city to recite a poem called “The Winter Republic.” The poem became an anthem against the military dictatorship of Park Chung Hee and his successors. This book tells the powerful story of how literature became a fierce battleground against authoritarian rule during one of the darkest periods in South Korea’s history. Park Chung Hee’s military dictatorship was a time of unparalleled political oppression. It was also a time of rapid and unprecedented economic development. Against this backdrop, this book charts the growing activism of Korean writers who interpreted literature’s traditional autonomy as a clarion call to action, an imperative to intervene politically in the name of art. Each chapter is devoted to a single writer and organized around a trope central to his work. Kim Chi-ha’s “bandits,” satirizing Park’s dictatorship; Yi Mun-gu’s “neighbor,” evoking old nostalgia and new anxieties; Cho Se-hŭi’s dwarf, representing the plight of the urban poor; and Hwang Sok-yong’s labor fiction, the supposed herald of the proletarian revolution. Ending nearly two decades of an implicit ban on socially engaged writing, literature of the period became politicized not merely in content and form, but also as an institution. Writers of the Winter Republic emerged as the conscience of their troubled yet formative times. The book seeks to understand how and why a time of political oppression and censorship simultaneously expanded the practice and everyday relevance of literature.Less
In 1975, a young high school teacher took the stage at a prayer meeting in a southwestern Korean city to recite a poem called “The Winter Republic.” The poem became an anthem against the military dictatorship of Park Chung Hee and his successors. This book tells the powerful story of how literature became a fierce battleground against authoritarian rule during one of the darkest periods in South Korea’s history. Park Chung Hee’s military dictatorship was a time of unparalleled political oppression. It was also a time of rapid and unprecedented economic development. Against this backdrop, this book charts the growing activism of Korean writers who interpreted literature’s traditional autonomy as a clarion call to action, an imperative to intervene politically in the name of art. Each chapter is devoted to a single writer and organized around a trope central to his work. Kim Chi-ha’s “bandits,” satirizing Park’s dictatorship; Yi Mun-gu’s “neighbor,” evoking old nostalgia and new anxieties; Cho Se-hŭi’s dwarf, representing the plight of the urban poor; and Hwang Sok-yong’s labor fiction, the supposed herald of the proletarian revolution. Ending nearly two decades of an implicit ban on socially engaged writing, literature of the period became politicized not merely in content and form, but also as an institution. Writers of the Winter Republic emerged as the conscience of their troubled yet formative times. The book seeks to understand how and why a time of political oppression and censorship simultaneously expanded the practice and everyday relevance of literature.
Henry Reece
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198200635
- eISBN:
- 9780191746284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198200635.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Military History
The army's roles of spreading the gospel and protecting the ‘well-affected’ repeatedly brought it into conflict with civilian authorities. This chapter describes the army's involvement in removing ...
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The army's roles of spreading the gospel and protecting the ‘well-affected’ repeatedly brought it into conflict with civilian authorities. This chapter describes the army's involvement in removing ‘disaffected’ ministers; the clerical patronage of senior officers, particularly garrison governors; the support that soldiers gave to ‘godly’ minorities; and the backing provided by some army officers to religious radicals such as Quakers. Three case studies — Hull, Poole, and Bristol — are used to show the complex interaction of religious and political issues at local level, and also to show the interconnectedness between London and the localities in escalating and then resolving these conflicts. The response of central government was pragmatic and non-doctrinaire — a long way from the practice of a military dictatorship.Less
The army's roles of spreading the gospel and protecting the ‘well-affected’ repeatedly brought it into conflict with civilian authorities. This chapter describes the army's involvement in removing ‘disaffected’ ministers; the clerical patronage of senior officers, particularly garrison governors; the support that soldiers gave to ‘godly’ minorities; and the backing provided by some army officers to religious radicals such as Quakers. Three case studies — Hull, Poole, and Bristol — are used to show the complex interaction of religious and political issues at local level, and also to show the interconnectedness between London and the localities in escalating and then resolving these conflicts. The response of central government was pragmatic and non-doctrinaire — a long way from the practice of a military dictatorship.
S. Ashley Kistler
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038358
- eISBN:
- 9780252096228
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038358.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
As cultural mediators, Chamelco's market women offer a model of contemporary Q'eqchi' identity grounded in the strength of the Maya historical legacy. Guatemala's Maya communities have faced nearly ...
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As cultural mediators, Chamelco's market women offer a model of contemporary Q'eqchi' identity grounded in the strength of the Maya historical legacy. Guatemala's Maya communities have faced nearly five hundred years of constant challenges to their culture, from colonial oppression to the instability of violent military dictatorships and the advent of new global technologies. In spite of this history, the people of San Juan Chamelco, Guatemala, have effectively resisted significant changes to their cultural identities. Chamelco residents embrace new technologies, ideas, and resources to strengthen their indigenous identities and maintain Maya practice in the 21st century, a resilience that sets Chamelco apart from other Maya towns. Unlike the region's other indigenous women, Chamelco's Q'eqchi' market women achieve both prominence and visibility as vendors, dominating social domains from religion to local politics. These women honor their families' legacies through continuation of the inherited, high-status marketing trade. This book describes how market women gain social standing as mediators of sometimes conflicting realities, harnessing the forces of global capitalism to revitalize Chamelco's indigenous identity. Working at the intersections of globalization, kinship, gender, and memory, the book presents a firsthand look at Maya markets as a domain in which the values of capitalism and indigenous communities meet.Less
As cultural mediators, Chamelco's market women offer a model of contemporary Q'eqchi' identity grounded in the strength of the Maya historical legacy. Guatemala's Maya communities have faced nearly five hundred years of constant challenges to their culture, from colonial oppression to the instability of violent military dictatorships and the advent of new global technologies. In spite of this history, the people of San Juan Chamelco, Guatemala, have effectively resisted significant changes to their cultural identities. Chamelco residents embrace new technologies, ideas, and resources to strengthen their indigenous identities and maintain Maya practice in the 21st century, a resilience that sets Chamelco apart from other Maya towns. Unlike the region's other indigenous women, Chamelco's Q'eqchi' market women achieve both prominence and visibility as vendors, dominating social domains from religion to local politics. These women honor their families' legacies through continuation of the inherited, high-status marketing trade. This book describes how market women gain social standing as mediators of sometimes conflicting realities, harnessing the forces of global capitalism to revitalize Chamelco's indigenous identity. Working at the intersections of globalization, kinship, gender, and memory, the book presents a firsthand look at Maya markets as a domain in which the values of capitalism and indigenous communities meet.
John Lewis Gaddis
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831205
- eISBN:
- 9781469604862
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807867792_brazinsky.12
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines how the United States' nation building helped create a powerful South Korean state committed to maximizing its control over society as well as a formidable opposition intent on ...
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This chapter examines how the United States' nation building helped create a powerful South Korean state committed to maximizing its control over society as well as a formidable opposition intent on bringing democracy to the country. It looks at the continuous struggle between the state and pro-democracy forces such as students and intellectuals, particularly after Park Chung Hee introduced the Yusin system in 1972 that sparked protests against South Korea's growing authoritarianism. The chapter also considers the rise of a new military dictatorship led by Chun Doo Hwan following Park Chung Hee's assassination in 1979, which led to the escalation of conflict between democratic forces and the state. It argues that America's influence declined during this period due to its reduced commitment to Asia in general, and increased South Korean autonomy in particular.Less
This chapter examines how the United States' nation building helped create a powerful South Korean state committed to maximizing its control over society as well as a formidable opposition intent on bringing democracy to the country. It looks at the continuous struggle between the state and pro-democracy forces such as students and intellectuals, particularly after Park Chung Hee introduced the Yusin system in 1972 that sparked protests against South Korea's growing authoritarianism. The chapter also considers the rise of a new military dictatorship led by Chun Doo Hwan following Park Chung Hee's assassination in 1979, which led to the escalation of conflict between democratic forces and the state. It argues that America's influence declined during this period due to its reduced commitment to Asia in general, and increased South Korean autonomy in particular.
Semion Lyandres
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199235759
- eISBN:
- 9780191745898
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235759.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Political History
By examining the relatively little-studied question of prerevolutionary conspiracies to depose Nicholas II, this chapter demonstrates the interviews' factual value as well as their broad interpretive ...
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By examining the relatively little-studied question of prerevolutionary conspiracies to depose Nicholas II, this chapter demonstrates the interviews' factual value as well as their broad interpretive implications for understanding the political history of the February Revolution. It underscores the importance of prerevolutionary plans and visions in explaining some of the most pivotal political decisions that led to the fall of tsarism—from establishing the new authority in the form of the Duma Committee on 27 February to securing the abdications of Nicholas II and his brother, grand duke Mikhail, on 2–3 March 1917.Less
By examining the relatively little-studied question of prerevolutionary conspiracies to depose Nicholas II, this chapter demonstrates the interviews' factual value as well as their broad interpretive implications for understanding the political history of the February Revolution. It underscores the importance of prerevolutionary plans and visions in explaining some of the most pivotal political decisions that led to the fall of tsarism—from establishing the new authority in the form of the Duma Committee on 27 February to securing the abdications of Nicholas II and his brother, grand duke Mikhail, on 2–3 March 1917.
Lillian Guerra
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300175530
- eISBN:
- 9780300235333
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300175530.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book sheds light on the experiences of ordinary Cubans in the unseating of the dictator Fulgencio Batista. This book fills a significant gap in historical and political literature, illuminating ...
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This book sheds light on the experiences of ordinary Cubans in the unseating of the dictator Fulgencio Batista. This book fills a significant gap in historical and political literature, illuminating how Cuba's electoral democracy underwent a tumultuous transformation into a military dictatorship. The book draws on years of research in newly opened archives and on personal interviews to shed light on the men and women of Cuba who participated in mass mobilization and civic activism to establish social movements in their quest for social and racial justice and for more accountable leadership. Driven by a sense of duty toward la patria (the fatherland) and their dedication to heroism and martyrdom, these citizens built a powerful underground revolutionary culture that shaped and witnessed the overthrow of Batista in the late 1950s.Less
This book sheds light on the experiences of ordinary Cubans in the unseating of the dictator Fulgencio Batista. This book fills a significant gap in historical and political literature, illuminating how Cuba's electoral democracy underwent a tumultuous transformation into a military dictatorship. The book draws on years of research in newly opened archives and on personal interviews to shed light on the men and women of Cuba who participated in mass mobilization and civic activism to establish social movements in their quest for social and racial justice and for more accountable leadership. Driven by a sense of duty toward la patria (the fatherland) and their dedication to heroism and martyrdom, these citizens built a powerful underground revolutionary culture that shaped and witnessed the overthrow of Batista in the late 1950s.
Prajak Kongkirati
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679683
- eISBN:
- 9781452948515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679683.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter discusses the intellectual movement and the decline of student activism in Thailand. Students played a crucial role in Thailand’s national politics in from 1950s to 1970s. Students ...
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This chapter discusses the intellectual movement and the decline of student activism in Thailand. Students played a crucial role in Thailand’s national politics in from 1950s to 1970s. Students forged a close alliance with intellectuals during the period of military dictatorship, to provide the movement with intellectual and material resources crucial for activism. However, youth activism in Thailand declined after the Right-wing movements and the Thai state massacred several youth activists on October 6, 1976. Though individual students and groups have been intermittently involved in politics, they have not yet regained the strength and influence they had during the 1970s.Less
This chapter discusses the intellectual movement and the decline of student activism in Thailand. Students played a crucial role in Thailand’s national politics in from 1950s to 1970s. Students forged a close alliance with intellectuals during the period of military dictatorship, to provide the movement with intellectual and material resources crucial for activism. However, youth activism in Thailand declined after the Right-wing movements and the Thai state massacred several youth activists on October 6, 1976. Though individual students and groups have been intermittently involved in politics, they have not yet regained the strength and influence they had during the 1970s.
Valeria Manzano
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469611617
- eISBN:
- 9781469611624
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469611617.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This social and cultural history of Argentina’s “long sixties” argues that the nation’s younger generation was at the epicenter of a public struggle over democracy, authoritarianism, and revolution ...
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This social and cultural history of Argentina’s “long sixties” argues that the nation’s younger generation was at the epicenter of a public struggle over democracy, authoritarianism, and revolution from the mid-twentieth century through the ruthless military dictatorship that seized power in 1976. It demonstrates how, during this period, large numbers of youths built on their history of earlier activism and pushed forward closely linked agendas of sociocultural modernization and political radicalization. Focusing also on the views of adults who assessed, and sometimes profited from, youth culture, the author analyzes countercultural formations—including rock music, sexuality, student life, and communal living experiences—and situates them in an international context. She details how, while Argentines of all ages yearned for newness and change, it was young people who championed the transformation of deep-seated traditions of social, cultural, and political life. The significance of youth was not lost on the leaders of the rising junta: people aged sixteen to thirty accounted for 70 percent of the estimated 20,000 Argentines who were “disappeared” during the regime.Less
This social and cultural history of Argentina’s “long sixties” argues that the nation’s younger generation was at the epicenter of a public struggle over democracy, authoritarianism, and revolution from the mid-twentieth century through the ruthless military dictatorship that seized power in 1976. It demonstrates how, during this period, large numbers of youths built on their history of earlier activism and pushed forward closely linked agendas of sociocultural modernization and political radicalization. Focusing also on the views of adults who assessed, and sometimes profited from, youth culture, the author analyzes countercultural formations—including rock music, sexuality, student life, and communal living experiences—and situates them in an international context. She details how, while Argentines of all ages yearned for newness and change, it was young people who championed the transformation of deep-seated traditions of social, cultural, and political life. The significance of youth was not lost on the leaders of the rising junta: people aged sixteen to thirty accounted for 70 percent of the estimated 20,000 Argentines who were “disappeared” during the regime.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846310508
- eISBN:
- 9781846315848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846310508.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter examines the history of Montevideo, Uruguay in the context of the French Atlantic. It discusses the ‘prehistory’ of a French presence in Montevideo and the peak French arrivals in 1841 ...
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This chapter examines the history of Montevideo, Uruguay in the context of the French Atlantic. It discusses the ‘prehistory’ of a French presence in Montevideo and the peak French arrivals in 1841 just as the ‘Guerra Grande’ was about to lead to an eight year siege of Montevideo. It considers the developments after the end of the Uruguayan military dictatorship in 1985 and highlights the replacement of French with England and Portuguese as second or third languages in Montevideo.Less
This chapter examines the history of Montevideo, Uruguay in the context of the French Atlantic. It discusses the ‘prehistory’ of a French presence in Montevideo and the peak French arrivals in 1841 just as the ‘Guerra Grande’ was about to lead to an eight year siege of Montevideo. It considers the developments after the end of the Uruguayan military dictatorship in 1985 and highlights the replacement of French with England and Portuguese as second or third languages in Montevideo.
Christopher Dunn
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807826515
- eISBN:
- 9781469615714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9780807826515.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Glauber Rocha's film Terra em transe (Land in anguish) critically portrays the position of left-wing artists and intellectuals under a right-wing military dictatorship in Brazil. Representing a ...
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Glauber Rocha's film Terra em transe (Land in anguish) critically portrays the position of left-wing artists and intellectuals under a right-wing military dictatorship in Brazil. Representing a “traumatic moment” for left-wing artists, it created the conditions for the elaboration of “tropicalismo.” This chapter discusses the cultural manifestation associated with Tropicália, and the significant impact of Rocha's film and theater productions on the advent of the tropicalist movement. It also explores the collective tropicalist “concept album” from 1968, the question of allegory in Tropicália, political violence, and affirmation of marginality in tropicalist songs.Less
Glauber Rocha's film Terra em transe (Land in anguish) critically portrays the position of left-wing artists and intellectuals under a right-wing military dictatorship in Brazil. Representing a “traumatic moment” for left-wing artists, it created the conditions for the elaboration of “tropicalismo.” This chapter discusses the cultural manifestation associated with Tropicália, and the significant impact of Rocha's film and theater productions on the advent of the tropicalist movement. It also explores the collective tropicalist “concept album” from 1968, the question of allegory in Tropicália, political violence, and affirmation of marginality in tropicalist songs.
