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Internal Displacement in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Politics and the Loss of Livelihood

Maher Anawati Bitar

in Dispossession and Displacement: Forced Migration in the Middle East and North Africa

Between December 2008 to January 2009, the Israel militaries assaulted the Gaza Strip displacing over 50,000 people. This assault accentuated the already long history of Palestinian forced migration. ... More

Between December 2008 to January 2009, the Israel militaries assaulted the Gaza Strip displacing over 50,000 people. This assault accentuated the already long history of Palestinian forced migration. It created ‘internally stuck persons’ (ISPs) who were no longer able to flee conflict areas to safer grounds. For the ISPs, the Gaza Strip has become a prison which is controlled by outside force. Within the context of open-air prison, the ISPs have become ‘internally displaced persons’ because they are compelled to remain within this circumscribed boundary. IDPs receive less assistance and protection than refugees. This chapter discusses the scope, extent and repercussions of the involuntary migratory movements within the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) of the West Bank and East Jerusalem. It focuses on the physical barrier created by the Government of Israel (GoI) within the oPt. Although the displacement in Gaza, the East Jerusalem, and the West Bank is often triggered by similar and indirect factors, the latter two areas face a distinct set of triggers. A review of the preliminary displacement patterns have shown that forced displacement is both a result of and a means by which the GoI has expanded its hold of East Jerusalem and the prime areas of the West Bank. This review thus asserts that displacement cannot be simply viewed as a humanitarian crisis or a consequence of conflict or Israel’s security needs.Less

Introduction

John M. Fryxell, E.J. Milner‐Gulland, and Anthony R.E. Sinclair

in Animal Migration: A Synthesis

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the four main themes covered in the book. These are: the evolution of migration, the physical and energetic constraints that shape migratory ... More

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the four main themes covered in the book. These are: the evolution of migration, the physical and energetic constraints that shape migratory movement, the issues of spatial and temporal scale, and migration in a broader context.Less

People on the Move: From the Countryside to the Factory/Prison

Dario Melossi

in The Borders of Punishment: Migration, Citizenship, and Social Exclusion

This chapter examines the factors that have shaped contemporary practices of migration control. It traces the long historic trajectory of relationships between capitalism, migratory movements, and ... More

This chapter examines the factors that have shaped contemporary practices of migration control. It traces the long historic trajectory of relationships between capitalism, migratory movements, and processes of criminalization. It highlights the centrality of migratory movements for the historic formations of the working class, and thus the relevance of Marxist theory for the understanding of historic and contemporary processes of migration control. Finally, by outlining the changing relationships of migration and penality, the chapter aims to challenge the lack of consideration given to such relationships in much of the theoretical and analytical writing within criminology.Less

Introduction

John Brannigan

in Race in Modern Irish Literature and Culture

This introductory chapter discusses the transition of Ireland into a multi-cultural society. It notes that the country experienced net immigration in 1996, which continued for the next ten years. It ... More

This introductory chapter discusses the transition of Ireland into a multi-cultural society. It notes that the country experienced net immigration in 1996, which continued for the next ten years. It shows that immigration in Irish society led to modern migratory movements, and examines evidence of racist violence and abuse in the ‘new Ireland’. It then identifies the two main reasons for the absence of considerations of race and racism from studies of modern Irish culture. The chapter also considers the relationship between racism and nationalism.Less

“Tibetanness” Where There Is No Tibet: Culture in a World of Nation-States

in Immigrant Ambassadors: Citizenship and Belonging in the Tibetan Diaspora

This chapter explores how Tibetan exiles formally frame the elements important to exile discourse. It argues that as stateless refugees, Tibetans must creatively wield well-worn concepts of ... More

This chapter explores how Tibetan exiles formally frame the elements important to exile discourse. It argues that as stateless refugees, Tibetans must creatively wield well-worn concepts of “culture,” “nation,” and “modernity” in a world still ordered by nation-states. The discussion frames for the reader the way these ideas have been developed by the Dalai Lama, the government-in-exile, and other elites in Tibetan exile culture. This formalized framework acts as a backdrop against which one can examine emerging disjunctures and the changing nature of Tibetanness in the context of increased migratory movement.Less

Climate-Induced Effects on the Serengeti Mammalian Food Web

John M. Fryxell, Kristine L. Metzger, Craig Packer, Anthony R. E. Sinclair, and Simon A. R. Mduma

in Serengeti IV: Sustaining biodiversity in a coupled human-natural system

Long-term data support the hypothesis that global variation in climate, as measured by SOI, has substantial effects on juvenile recruitment of wildebeest, topi, and lions in the Serengeti ecosystem, ... More

Long-term data support the hypothesis that global variation in climate, as measured by SOI, has substantial effects on juvenile recruitment of wildebeest, topi, and lions in the Serengeti ecosystem, whereas the majority of herbivore species are apparently insensitive to SOI variation. This environmental variability perturbs these populations around their long-term means, particularly in El Nino or La Nina years. The effect of SOI is complex, with influences on a wide range of environmental variables, including temperature, rainfall, fire frequency, and grass growth. Of these factors, however, dry season rainfall seems to be of strongest impact on wildebeest, probably because survival during the dry season is highly dependent on adequate food supplies largely generated by dry season rain showers. There is some evidence that dry season rainfall may be increasing in Serengeti. If this trend were to continue, our data imply that wildebeest and topi recruitment should benefit, as would that of lions. This suggests that deeper appreciation of global controls on climate change may have important long-term implications for population abundance and persistence in the Serengeti ecosystem.Less

Britishness, entry and exclusion

Tony Kushner

in The battle of Britishness: Migrant journeys, 1685 to the present

This chapter explores the concept of Britishness and discusses British migration starting with the Huguenots onwards, including the responses of the state and public to these newcomers in Britain. It ... More

This chapter explores the concept of Britishness and discusses British migration starting with the Huguenots onwards, including the responses of the state and public to these newcomers in Britain. It discusses the intensification of later migratory movements to Britain and the immigration process implemented for the entry and restriction of migrants. The chapter also explores cases reflecting intense anti-alienism of British society to immigrants and refugees.Less