Zai Liang
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299294
- eISBN:
- 9780191715082
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299294.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter concentrates on the major changes in government migration policies, recent trends in internal migration and migration research in China. It identifies some emerging patterns of internal ...
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This chapter concentrates on the major changes in government migration policies, recent trends in internal migration and migration research in China. It identifies some emerging patterns of internal migration, such as increases in length of residence at the places of destination and an increase in family migration. The chapter also offers a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of the floating population and provides important references for recent population movement in China.Less
This chapter concentrates on the major changes in government migration policies, recent trends in internal migration and migration research in China. It identifies some emerging patterns of internal migration, such as increases in length of residence at the places of destination and an increase in family migration. The chapter also offers a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of the floating population and provides important references for recent population movement in China.
Kenneth Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299294
- eISBN:
- 9780191715082
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299294.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the changing profile of labour migration by comparing China's rural-urban migration with Mexico-US migration. Many similarities can be found between the two migration streams ...
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This chapter examines the changing profile of labour migration by comparing China's rural-urban migration with Mexico-US migration. Many similarities can be found between the two migration streams with respect to the major factors affecting the origin, the destination, and the process of migration. The chapter also explores potential changes in the magnitude of migration, diversification of migrants' occupational structure, and increasing numbers of female migrants, which are likely to have a significant impact on Chinese society.Less
This chapter examines the changing profile of labour migration by comparing China's rural-urban migration with Mexico-US migration. Many similarities can be found between the two migration streams with respect to the major factors affecting the origin, the destination, and the process of migration. The chapter also explores potential changes in the magnitude of migration, diversification of migrants' occupational structure, and increasing numbers of female migrants, which are likely to have a significant impact on Chinese society.
Jane Mcadam
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199587087
- eISBN:
- 9780191738494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587087.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
There is now a considerable amount of literature about how the phenomenon of the climate change-related movement should be ‘conceptualized’ — that is, how it should be understood as an area of ...
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There is now a considerable amount of literature about how the phenomenon of the climate change-related movement should be ‘conceptualized’ — that is, how it should be understood as an area of academic inquiry and a subject of legal and policy development. This chapter does not rehearse the debates on this issue, but rather synthesizes contemporary approaches and explain why the ‘lens’ through which the phenomenon is viewed can dramatically change the way it is perceived and regulated. Conceptualization is therefore key to presenting the ‘issue’ to be tackled, and devising appropriate policy responses to address it. The chapter draws on fieldwork undertaken in three countries which have become synonymous with the notion of climate change-related displacement in Kiribati, Tuvalu, and Bangladesh.Less
There is now a considerable amount of literature about how the phenomenon of the climate change-related movement should be ‘conceptualized’ — that is, how it should be understood as an area of academic inquiry and a subject of legal and policy development. This chapter does not rehearse the debates on this issue, but rather synthesizes contemporary approaches and explain why the ‘lens’ through which the phenomenon is viewed can dramatically change the way it is perceived and regulated. Conceptualization is therefore key to presenting the ‘issue’ to be tackled, and devising appropriate policy responses to address it. The chapter draws on fieldwork undertaken in three countries which have become synonymous with the notion of climate change-related displacement in Kiribati, Tuvalu, and Bangladesh.
Rong MA
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622092020
- eISBN:
- 9789882207288
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622092020.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
As one of the fundamental fields of research in population studies, migration involves movements that entail changing residence from a certain community type to another, and crossing the following ...
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As one of the fundamental fields of research in population studies, migration involves movements that entail changing residence from a certain community type to another, and crossing the following boundaries: geographic, economic, or administrative. Such mobility may be perceived to have resulted from various converging elements from the destination and the place or origin, as well as circumstantial factors. Interest is thus directed not only to location changes, but also to the cultural, social, and economics implications of moving from one place to another. After reviewing the Tibetan Autonomous Region's basic migration patterns, the chapter concentrates mainly on providing an analysis from the data derived from the following surveys that include demographic, social, and economic aspect—the 1988 survey by the CTRC and the ISA, and the 2005 Lhasa Temporary Migration Survey.Less
As one of the fundamental fields of research in population studies, migration involves movements that entail changing residence from a certain community type to another, and crossing the following boundaries: geographic, economic, or administrative. Such mobility may be perceived to have resulted from various converging elements from the destination and the place or origin, as well as circumstantial factors. Interest is thus directed not only to location changes, but also to the cultural, social, and economics implications of moving from one place to another. After reviewing the Tibetan Autonomous Region's basic migration patterns, the chapter concentrates mainly on providing an analysis from the data derived from the following surveys that include demographic, social, and economic aspect—the 1988 survey by the CTRC and the ISA, and the 2005 Lhasa Temporary Migration Survey.
Bent Greve
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847426444
- eISBN:
- 9781447302797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847426444.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter presents an interpretation of Sir John Hicks' approach to the main cause of migration. The theoretical and contextual starting point in his analysis is based on the traditional ...
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This chapter presents an interpretation of Sir John Hicks' approach to the main cause of migration. The theoretical and contextual starting point in his analysis is based on the traditional microeconomic theory. The discussion also studies other competing explanations, and shows that a critical view of the classical economy-driven explanations to migration can provide a wider understanding of key migration patterns. It is also able to provide some insights into the factors that can hinder or facilitate migration. The chapter aims to address the question of the differential impact that national welfare and labour-market policies might directly or indirectly have on migration.Less
This chapter presents an interpretation of Sir John Hicks' approach to the main cause of migration. The theoretical and contextual starting point in his analysis is based on the traditional microeconomic theory. The discussion also studies other competing explanations, and shows that a critical view of the classical economy-driven explanations to migration can provide a wider understanding of key migration patterns. It is also able to provide some insights into the factors that can hinder or facilitate migration. The chapter aims to address the question of the differential impact that national welfare and labour-market policies might directly or indirectly have on migration.
Françoise De Bel-Air
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190608873
- eISBN:
- 9780190848484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
The growing share of skilled and highly-skilled, often unmarried, young Arab women immigrating to the GCC is generally un-documented. Shedding some light on this population, therefore, will not only ...
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The growing share of skilled and highly-skilled, often unmarried, young Arab women immigrating to the GCC is generally un-documented. Shedding some light on this population, therefore, will not only emphasize a new phenomenon, but it also, first, points at a new structural trend within Arab populations: the emergence of educated female professionals in Arab societies characterized by low female activity rates. Second, it challenges the dominant assumption that Arab migration to Gulf countries is a “male-only” phenomenon in which women are married dependents. This contribution aims at laying some ground to bridge the knowledge gap regarding Arab female highly-skilled workers in the Gulf. The study explores the proximate determinants—rise in age at marriage, development of female celibacy in the Arab world, expansion of female education levels—and structural conditions compelling an increasing number of Arab citizens, male and female, to seek better futures abroad. Findings, such as the widespread denial that patriarchal pressures are important factors in determining Arab female migration, question the categories used, including Arab, female, and Gulf migration patterns. The study also concludes that such partial results beg to be completed by a wider-scale survey involving highly-skilled female migrants from several Arab countries and systematically comparing their migratory patterns and experience.Less
The growing share of skilled and highly-skilled, often unmarried, young Arab women immigrating to the GCC is generally un-documented. Shedding some light on this population, therefore, will not only emphasize a new phenomenon, but it also, first, points at a new structural trend within Arab populations: the emergence of educated female professionals in Arab societies characterized by low female activity rates. Second, it challenges the dominant assumption that Arab migration to Gulf countries is a “male-only” phenomenon in which women are married dependents. This contribution aims at laying some ground to bridge the knowledge gap regarding Arab female highly-skilled workers in the Gulf. The study explores the proximate determinants—rise in age at marriage, development of female celibacy in the Arab world, expansion of female education levels—and structural conditions compelling an increasing number of Arab citizens, male and female, to seek better futures abroad. Findings, such as the widespread denial that patriarchal pressures are important factors in determining Arab female migration, question the categories used, including Arab, female, and Gulf migration patterns. The study also concludes that such partial results beg to be completed by a wider-scale survey involving highly-skilled female migrants from several Arab countries and systematically comparing their migratory patterns and experience.
J. Myles Shaver
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198828914
- eISBN:
- 9780191867378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198828914.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
A key argument in Chapter 3 is that low levels of outward migration accelerate the positive dynamic of managerial mobility across companies and industries within a region. This chapter examines the ...
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A key argument in Chapter 3 is that low levels of outward migration accelerate the positive dynamic of managerial mobility across companies and industries within a region. This chapter examines the migration patterns of employed, highly educated, high-earning individuals (i.e., the demographic in which professional managerial talent belong) across the largest metropolitan areas in the United States. As expected, Minneapolis-St. Paul has the lowest or among the lowest rate of outward migration over forty years, and over that time period the region consistently adds to this talent pool. In addition, this migration pattern is pronounced for employed, highly educated, high-earning individuals with school-aged children. The chapter introduces the Talent Migration Map to help discern different migration dynamics.Less
A key argument in Chapter 3 is that low levels of outward migration accelerate the positive dynamic of managerial mobility across companies and industries within a region. This chapter examines the migration patterns of employed, highly educated, high-earning individuals (i.e., the demographic in which professional managerial talent belong) across the largest metropolitan areas in the United States. As expected, Minneapolis-St. Paul has the lowest or among the lowest rate of outward migration over forty years, and over that time period the region consistently adds to this talent pool. In addition, this migration pattern is pronounced for employed, highly educated, high-earning individuals with school-aged children. The chapter introduces the Talent Migration Map to help discern different migration dynamics.
Drew Keeling
Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, Stephan Vanfraechem, Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stéphane Hoste, and Stephan Vanfraechem (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This essays explores the peak period of voluntary mass migration between Europe and the United States - 1900 to 1914. It focuses on the four major networks that enabled migration in such high ...
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This essays explores the peak period of voluntary mass migration between Europe and the United States - 1900 to 1914. It focuses on the four major networks that enabled migration in such high numbers: kinship and community; steamship agents; steamship conferences; and government regulatory bodies. It analyses the push and pull factors of mass migration; the business risks plaguing passenger cargo over freight cargo; the US political responses to mass migration; the cost of migration; and the approaches to risk management in migration networks. It concludes by claiming that the well-documented risk-mitigating networks during the ‘Great Migration’ offers insights into the migration networks of the early twenty-first century and provides possible solutions for coping with the contemporary risks of globalisation.Less
This essays explores the peak period of voluntary mass migration between Europe and the United States - 1900 to 1914. It focuses on the four major networks that enabled migration in such high numbers: kinship and community; steamship agents; steamship conferences; and government regulatory bodies. It analyses the push and pull factors of mass migration; the business risks plaguing passenger cargo over freight cargo; the US political responses to mass migration; the cost of migration; and the approaches to risk management in migration networks. It concludes by claiming that the well-documented risk-mitigating networks during the ‘Great Migration’ offers insights into the migration networks of the early twenty-first century and provides possible solutions for coping with the contemporary risks of globalisation.
Filiz Garip
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780691161068
- eISBN:
- 9781400883769
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161068.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Why do Mexicans migrate to the United States? Is there a typical Mexican migrant? Beginning in the 1970s, survey data indicated that the average migrant was a young, unmarried man who was poor, ...
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Why do Mexicans migrate to the United States? Is there a typical Mexican migrant? Beginning in the 1970s, survey data indicated that the average migrant was a young, unmarried man who was poor, undereducated, and in search of better employment opportunities. This is the general view that most Americans still hold of immigrants from Mexico. This book argues that not only does this view of Mexican migrants reinforce the stereotype of their undesirability, but it also fails to capture the true diversity of migrants from Mexico and their evolving migration patterns over time. Using survey data from over 145,000 Mexicans and in-depth interviews with nearly 140 Mexicans, the book reveals a more accurate picture of Mexico–U.S migration. In the last fifty years there have been four primary waves: a male-dominated migration from rural areas in the 1960s and 1970s, a second migration of young men from socioeconomically more well-off families during the 1980s, a migration of women joining spouses already in the United States in the late 1980s and 1990s, and a generation of more educated, urban migrants in the late 1990s and early 2000s. For each of these four stages, the book examines the changing variety of reasons for why people migrate and migrants’ perceptions of their opportunities in Mexico and the United States. Looking at Mexico–U.S. migration during the last half century, the book uncovers the vast mechanisms underlying the flow of people moving between nations.Less
Why do Mexicans migrate to the United States? Is there a typical Mexican migrant? Beginning in the 1970s, survey data indicated that the average migrant was a young, unmarried man who was poor, undereducated, and in search of better employment opportunities. This is the general view that most Americans still hold of immigrants from Mexico. This book argues that not only does this view of Mexican migrants reinforce the stereotype of their undesirability, but it also fails to capture the true diversity of migrants from Mexico and their evolving migration patterns over time. Using survey data from over 145,000 Mexicans and in-depth interviews with nearly 140 Mexicans, the book reveals a more accurate picture of Mexico–U.S migration. In the last fifty years there have been four primary waves: a male-dominated migration from rural areas in the 1960s and 1970s, a second migration of young men from socioeconomically more well-off families during the 1980s, a migration of women joining spouses already in the United States in the late 1980s and 1990s, and a generation of more educated, urban migrants in the late 1990s and early 2000s. For each of these four stages, the book examines the changing variety of reasons for why people migrate and migrants’ perceptions of their opportunities in Mexico and the United States. Looking at Mexico–U.S. migration during the last half century, the book uncovers the vast mechanisms underlying the flow of people moving between nations.
Thomas M. Holbrook
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190269128
- eISBN:
- 9780190632809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269128.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
This chapter takes a close look at how migration patterns alter the political landscape of states, in part by influencing changes in state population characteristics. The migration analysis addresses ...
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This chapter takes a close look at how migration patterns alter the political landscape of states, in part by influencing changes in state population characteristics. The migration analysis addresses the effects of both internal (state-to-state) and external (foreign) migration. It shows that population migration is a potentially important source of demographic and political change in the states. But not all states are affected equally by migration, with some state experiencing higher levels of migration compared to others. The source of migration streams is also as important as the volume of migration. Separating the foreign-born population from internal migrants, for instance, shows that states with a high level of foreign-born population are almost uniformly states that also have large increases in support for Democratic presidential candidates. In addition, states with a large number of internal migrants from liberal (conservative) states tend to move in a Democratic (Republican) direction.Less
This chapter takes a close look at how migration patterns alter the political landscape of states, in part by influencing changes in state population characteristics. The migration analysis addresses the effects of both internal (state-to-state) and external (foreign) migration. It shows that population migration is a potentially important source of demographic and political change in the states. But not all states are affected equally by migration, with some state experiencing higher levels of migration compared to others. The source of migration streams is also as important as the volume of migration. Separating the foreign-born population from internal migrants, for instance, shows that states with a high level of foreign-born population are almost uniformly states that also have large increases in support for Democratic presidential candidates. In addition, states with a large number of internal migrants from liberal (conservative) states tend to move in a Democratic (Republican) direction.
Annemarie Steidl
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This essay examines the effectiveness of the network of relatives and friends in providing support and information to Austrian transatlantic migrants under the Habsburg Monarchy, in attempt to ...
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This essay examines the effectiveness of the network of relatives and friends in providing support and information to Austrian transatlantic migrants under the Habsburg Monarchy, in attempt to broaden the historical study of migrant networks. It claims that these networks determined migrant movement collectively rather than individually, and sprung up in order to minimise the risk to migrants crossing the Atlantic. It analyses passenger shipping records, particularly data relating to the ports of Bremen and Hamburg in 1910, in order to draw the conclusion that social networks of migration under the Habsburg Empire did not solely rely on family ties, but also the established conventions of the migration process and the social status of the migrants themselves. It calls for further research into the role of families in migrant networks.Less
This essay examines the effectiveness of the network of relatives and friends in providing support and information to Austrian transatlantic migrants under the Habsburg Monarchy, in attempt to broaden the historical study of migrant networks. It claims that these networks determined migrant movement collectively rather than individually, and sprung up in order to minimise the risk to migrants crossing the Atlantic. It analyses passenger shipping records, particularly data relating to the ports of Bremen and Hamburg in 1910, in order to draw the conclusion that social networks of migration under the Habsburg Empire did not solely rely on family ties, but also the established conventions of the migration process and the social status of the migrants themselves. It calls for further research into the role of families in migrant networks.
Maritsa Poros
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804772228
- eISBN:
- 9780804775830
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804772228.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Although globalization seems like a recent phenomenon linked to migration, some groups have used social networks to migrate great distances for centuries. To gain new insights into migration today, ...
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Although globalization seems like a recent phenomenon linked to migration, some groups have used social networks to migrate great distances for centuries. To gain new insights into migration today, this book takes a closer look at the historical presence of globalization and how it has organized migration and social networks. With a focus on the lives of Gujarati Indians in New York and London, this book explains migration patterns through different kinds of social networks and relations. Gujarati migration flows span four continents, across several centuries. The book reveals the inner workings of their social networks and how these networks relate to migration flows. Championing a relational view, it examines which kinds of ties result in dead-end jobs, and which, conversely, lead to economic mobility. In the process, it speaks to central debates in the field about the economic and cultural roots of migration's causes and its surprising consequences.Less
Although globalization seems like a recent phenomenon linked to migration, some groups have used social networks to migrate great distances for centuries. To gain new insights into migration today, this book takes a closer look at the historical presence of globalization and how it has organized migration and social networks. With a focus on the lives of Gujarati Indians in New York and London, this book explains migration patterns through different kinds of social networks and relations. Gujarati migration flows span four continents, across several centuries. The book reveals the inner workings of their social networks and how these networks relate to migration flows. Championing a relational view, it examines which kinds of ties result in dead-end jobs, and which, conversely, lead to economic mobility. In the process, it speaks to central debates in the field about the economic and cultural roots of migration's causes and its surprising consequences.
Zahra Babar
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190608873
- eISBN:
- 9780190848484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
The forces and factors driving regional migration have become more complex over time, and traditional explanations for the motivations, attraction, and selection of migrants are no longer sufficient ...
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The forces and factors driving regional migration have become more complex over time, and traditional explanations for the motivations, attraction, and selection of migrants are no longer sufficient in the study of migration to the Persian Gulf. Qatar, which in the last decade has emerged as one of the Middle East’s fastest-growing economies, provides a sound case study for discussing some of the emerging dynamics of regional labor migration. This chapter examines Arab-origin migration to Qatar, reviewing how the state has negotiated the entry and control of “alien” Arabs. The chapter examines the evolution and transformation of migration patterns to the Gulf Cooperation Council, and assesses policies adopted by the states to better manage their regional labor markets and control the flow of foreigners. Particular attention is given to scrutinizing how and why Qatar has become more selective and politicized in negotiating labor migration, and how this has impacted the Arab expatriate population.Less
The forces and factors driving regional migration have become more complex over time, and traditional explanations for the motivations, attraction, and selection of migrants are no longer sufficient in the study of migration to the Persian Gulf. Qatar, which in the last decade has emerged as one of the Middle East’s fastest-growing economies, provides a sound case study for discussing some of the emerging dynamics of regional labor migration. This chapter examines Arab-origin migration to Qatar, reviewing how the state has negotiated the entry and control of “alien” Arabs. The chapter examines the evolution and transformation of migration patterns to the Gulf Cooperation Council, and assesses policies adopted by the states to better manage their regional labor markets and control the flow of foreigners. Particular attention is given to scrutinizing how and why Qatar has become more selective and politicized in negotiating labor migration, and how this has impacted the Arab expatriate population.
John D. Altringham
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199207114
- eISBN:
- 9780191810015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199207114.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter considers the migration patterns of bats and its connection with social and population structure. It highlights two phyllostomids, Leptonycterisyerbabuenae and Glossophagasoricina, and ...
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This chapter considers the migration patterns of bats and its connection with social and population structure. It highlights two phyllostomids, Leptonycterisyerbabuenae and Glossophagasoricina, and looks into how their food habits affect their migratory patterns and social structure. It discusses how sex difference in bats plays a role in migration, and compares their long-distance migratory navigation methods with birds. It examines the social behaviors of bats and describes their consequences across geographical scales, from social structure and the relationships between individual bats to large-scale population structures. It also investigates how historical events affect the population structure of bats.Less
This chapter considers the migration patterns of bats and its connection with social and population structure. It highlights two phyllostomids, Leptonycterisyerbabuenae and Glossophagasoricina, and looks into how their food habits affect their migratory patterns and social structure. It discusses how sex difference in bats plays a role in migration, and compares their long-distance migratory navigation methods with birds. It examines the social behaviors of bats and describes their consequences across geographical scales, from social structure and the relationships between individual bats to large-scale population structures. It also investigates how historical events affect the population structure of bats.
Michael B. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This final chapter offers a conclusion to the overall findings of the journal. It summarises the core factors of mass migration: migration patterns and networks; the role of governments and ...
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This final chapter offers a conclusion to the overall findings of the journal. It summarises the core factors of mass migration: migration patterns and networks; the role of governments and immigration policy; the importance of steamship emigration agents; the business of migration; and the shifting role of ports and port infrastructures. It concludes by suggesting that maritime and migration historians can further their studies by expanding and exploring one another’s territories.Less
This final chapter offers a conclusion to the overall findings of the journal. It summarises the core factors of mass migration: migration patterns and networks; the role of governments and immigration policy; the importance of steamship emigration agents; the business of migration; and the shifting role of ports and port infrastructures. It concludes by suggesting that maritime and migration historians can further their studies by expanding and exploring one another’s territories.
Joel T. Dudley
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199644483
- eISBN:
- 9780191774577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644483.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter explores the genetics of human ancestry. Personal genomics's most intriguing and introspective aspect is the fact that each individual's genome contains the genetic footprints of ...
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This chapter explores the genetics of human ancestry. Personal genomics's most intriguing and introspective aspect is the fact that each individual's genome contains the genetic footprints of ancestral lineage, going all the way to the roots of humankind itself. One of the challenges, then, that ‘genetic genealogy’ faces is the fact that genomes have a tendency to accumulate random mutational ‘noise’ and experience regular shuffling due to recombination — or the combining of the genetic material from one's mother and father. The chapter further discusses human ancestry by looking at the history of human migration patterns, particularly when modern humans migrated out of southern or eastern Africa some 200,000 years ago. The chapter reviews several global genetic mapping projects, such as HapMap, that aim to measure the genetic makeup of individuals from diverse ethnic and geographic populations. It is through this global ancestry analysis that one can finally pinpoint one's average ancestry on a world map.Less
This chapter explores the genetics of human ancestry. Personal genomics's most intriguing and introspective aspect is the fact that each individual's genome contains the genetic footprints of ancestral lineage, going all the way to the roots of humankind itself. One of the challenges, then, that ‘genetic genealogy’ faces is the fact that genomes have a tendency to accumulate random mutational ‘noise’ and experience regular shuffling due to recombination — or the combining of the genetic material from one's mother and father. The chapter further discusses human ancestry by looking at the history of human migration patterns, particularly when modern humans migrated out of southern or eastern Africa some 200,000 years ago. The chapter reviews several global genetic mapping projects, such as HapMap, that aim to measure the genetic makeup of individuals from diverse ethnic and geographic populations. It is through this global ancestry analysis that one can finally pinpoint one's average ancestry on a world map.
Immanuel Ness
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036279
- eISBN:
- 9780252093371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036279.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter examines the emergence of India as a labor-export economy through assessing the warped development of the country in its effort to create a mobile labor force in all segments of the ...
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This chapter examines the emergence of India as a labor-export economy through assessing the warped development of the country in its effort to create a mobile labor force in all segments of the economy. Though most observers have analyzed the dramatic growth of the high technology and business service guest workers on a world scale, India seeks to export workers in all skill and wage segments, from low-wage construction, trucking, and service laborers in the Arab gulf states to high technology and business services workers in advanced capitalist countries. The chapter examines two case studies of the outcome of new migration patterns in South Asia (India), examining the high-technology enclave of Hyderabad—viewed by many corporate leaders in the North as a model for the future workplace.Less
This chapter examines the emergence of India as a labor-export economy through assessing the warped development of the country in its effort to create a mobile labor force in all segments of the economy. Though most observers have analyzed the dramatic growth of the high technology and business service guest workers on a world scale, India seeks to export workers in all skill and wage segments, from low-wage construction, trucking, and service laborers in the Arab gulf states to high technology and business services workers in advanced capitalist countries. The chapter examines two case studies of the outcome of new migration patterns in South Asia (India), examining the high-technology enclave of Hyderabad—viewed by many corporate leaders in the North as a model for the future workplace.
Tony Kushner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719066405
- eISBN:
- 9781781704721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719066405.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The decline of the grain trade, high population growth, and the threat of military service in the Russian army led ‘Volga Germans’ from the 1860s onwards to consider emigration. From the mid-1870s, ...
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The decline of the grain trade, high population growth, and the threat of military service in the Russian army led ‘Volga Germans’ from the 1860s onwards to consider emigration. From the mid-1870s, 4,000 Volga Germans went to Brazil to seek better opportunities in the Americas. This chapter discusses the migratory movement of the Volga Germans in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It describes the experiences of these Russian refugees and illustrates the complexity of the nature of their migration patterns.Less
The decline of the grain trade, high population growth, and the threat of military service in the Russian army led ‘Volga Germans’ from the 1860s onwards to consider emigration. From the mid-1870s, 4,000 Volga Germans went to Brazil to seek better opportunities in the Americas. This chapter discusses the migratory movement of the Volga Germans in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It describes the experiences of these Russian refugees and illustrates the complexity of the nature of their migration patterns.
Madhu Satsangi, Nick Gallent, and Mark Bevan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847423856
- eISBN:
- 9781447303985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847423856.003.0020
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
Questions about the supply of housing in Britain's countrysides have been the focus of this book. It discussed the quality, location and the connection of rural housing question with the state of ...
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Questions about the supply of housing in Britain's countrysides have been the focus of this book. It discussed the quality, location and the connection of rural housing question with the state of rural economies and rural society. It has also discussed some of the key pressures on housing resources emanating from patterns of retirement, second home purchasing and migration patterns to and from rural areas. It has also discussed how the representations of the countryside find expression in attitudes towards development and in planning's treatment of different rural areas: what are society's expectations of rural land, who can use it, and for what purpose? This final chapter provides reflections on the answers to the rural housing question that emerged from the discussions of the previous chapters. It also offers broad conclusions that might be turned into a more detailed policy.Less
Questions about the supply of housing in Britain's countrysides have been the focus of this book. It discussed the quality, location and the connection of rural housing question with the state of rural economies and rural society. It has also discussed some of the key pressures on housing resources emanating from patterns of retirement, second home purchasing and migration patterns to and from rural areas. It has also discussed how the representations of the countryside find expression in attitudes towards development and in planning's treatment of different rural areas: what are society's expectations of rural land, who can use it, and for what purpose? This final chapter provides reflections on the answers to the rural housing question that emerged from the discussions of the previous chapters. It also offers broad conclusions that might be turned into a more detailed policy.
Rafael Alarcón, Luis Escala, and Olga Odgers
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520284852
- eISBN:
- 9780520960527
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284852.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This concluding chapter discusses the main contemporary characteristics of the process of integration of Mexican immigrants in Los Angeles, which must be understood both in relation to the contexts ...
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This concluding chapter discusses the main contemporary characteristics of the process of integration of Mexican immigrants in Los Angeles, which must be understood both in relation to the contexts of the immigrants' arrival and in relation to the nature and density of their ties with Mexico. The first finding of this study confirms what has been documented by other authors: since the 1990s, Mexican immigrants have shifted from the circular migration pattern dominant in earlier periods to a process of settlement in the United States. However, the fundamental finding of this research is that there is no single path toward immigrant integration, but rather a multiplicity of strategies that lead to distinct results. Another important finding has been to identify noteworthy differences in the objectives and in the obstacles encountered in the distinct realms of economic, social, cultural, and political integration.Less
This concluding chapter discusses the main contemporary characteristics of the process of integration of Mexican immigrants in Los Angeles, which must be understood both in relation to the contexts of the immigrants' arrival and in relation to the nature and density of their ties with Mexico. The first finding of this study confirms what has been documented by other authors: since the 1990s, Mexican immigrants have shifted from the circular migration pattern dominant in earlier periods to a process of settlement in the United States. However, the fundamental finding of this research is that there is no single path toward immigrant integration, but rather a multiplicity of strategies that lead to distinct results. Another important finding has been to identify noteworthy differences in the objectives and in the obstacles encountered in the distinct realms of economic, social, cultural, and political integration.
