Thomas S. Bianchi and Elizabeth A. Canuel
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691134147
- eISBN:
- 9781400839100
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691134147.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter provides a general background on the synthesis of chemical biomarkers and their association with key metabolic pathways in organisms, as related to differences in cellular structure and ...
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This chapter provides a general background on the synthesis of chemical biomarkers and their association with key metabolic pathways in organisms, as related to differences in cellular structure and function across the three domains of life. It discusses photosynthesis, the dominant pathway by which biomass is synthesized. It also presents information about chemoautotrophic and microbial heterotrophic processes. The holistic view of biosynthetic pathways of chemical biomarkers provides a roadmap for other chapters in the book, where more specific details on chemical pathways are presented for each of the respective biomarker groups. While other organic geochemistry books have generally introduced the concepts of chemical biomarkers in the context of physical and chemical gradients found in natural ecosystems (e.g., anaerobic, aerobic), this book begins by examining biosynthetic pathways at the cellular level of differentiation.Less
This chapter provides a general background on the synthesis of chemical biomarkers and their association with key metabolic pathways in organisms, as related to differences in cellular structure and function across the three domains of life. It discusses photosynthesis, the dominant pathway by which biomass is synthesized. It also presents information about chemoautotrophic and microbial heterotrophic processes. The holistic view of biosynthetic pathways of chemical biomarkers provides a roadmap for other chapters in the book, where more specific details on chemical pathways are presented for each of the respective biomarker groups. While other organic geochemistry books have generally introduced the concepts of chemical biomarkers in the context of physical and chemical gradients found in natural ecosystems (e.g., anaerobic, aerobic), this book begins by examining biosynthetic pathways at the cellular level of differentiation.
Ernesto Estrada
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199591756
- eISBN:
- 9780191774959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591756.003.0016
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first analyses the network of man-made organic reactions. The second is devoted to network chemical reactions in the atmospheres of astronomical bodies ...
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This chapter is divided into three parts. The first analyses the network of man-made organic reactions. The second is devoted to network chemical reactions in the atmospheres of astronomical bodies such as planets and satellites in the solar system. The third examines reaction networks inside living organisms, i.e., metabolic networks. In all three parts, the role of network theory in understanding chemical, physical, or biological processes is emphasized, and special attention is given to the misunderstanding of several concepts that have led to the misuse of network theory.Less
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first analyses the network of man-made organic reactions. The second is devoted to network chemical reactions in the atmospheres of astronomical bodies such as planets and satellites in the solar system. The third examines reaction networks inside living organisms, i.e., metabolic networks. In all three parts, the role of network theory in understanding chemical, physical, or biological processes is emphasized, and special attention is given to the misunderstanding of several concepts that have led to the misuse of network theory.
Dennis Sherwood and Paul Dalby
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198782957
- eISBN:
- 9780191826177
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0024
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
Living systems create order, and appear to break the Second Law. This chapter explains, and resolves, this apparent paradox, drawing on the concept of coupled reactions (as introduced in Chapters 13 ...
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Living systems create order, and appear to break the Second Law. This chapter explains, and resolves, this apparent paradox, drawing on the concept of coupled reactions (as introduced in Chapters 13 and 16), as mediated by ‘energy currencies’ such as ATP and NADH. The chapter then examines the key energy-capturing systems in biological systems – glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and also photosynthesis. Topics covered include how energy is captured in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, the mitochondrial membrane, respiration, electron transport, ATP synthase, chloroplasts and thylakoids, photosystems I and II, and the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.Less
Living systems create order, and appear to break the Second Law. This chapter explains, and resolves, this apparent paradox, drawing on the concept of coupled reactions (as introduced in Chapters 13 and 16), as mediated by ‘energy currencies’ such as ATP and NADH. The chapter then examines the key energy-capturing systems in biological systems – glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and also photosynthesis. Topics covered include how energy is captured in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, the mitochondrial membrane, respiration, electron transport, ATP synthase, chloroplasts and thylakoids, photosystems I and II, and the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.