John Terning
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567639
- eISBN:
- 9780191718243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567639.003.0006
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
This chapter focuses on the basic idea of gauge mediation. There are three sectors in the theory: a dynamical SUSY breaking sector, a messenger sector, and the MSSM. SUSY breaking is communicated to ...
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This chapter focuses on the basic idea of gauge mediation. There are three sectors in the theory: a dynamical SUSY breaking sector, a messenger sector, and the MSSM. SUSY breaking is communicated to the messenger sector so that the messengers have a SUSY breaking spectrum. They also have SM gauge interactions, which then communicate SUSY breaking to the ordinary superpartners. This mechanism has the great advantage that since the gauge interactions are flavour-blind, it does not introduce FCNCs which are an enormous problem for supergravity mediation models. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter focuses on the basic idea of gauge mediation. There are three sectors in the theory: a dynamical SUSY breaking sector, a messenger sector, and the MSSM. SUSY breaking is communicated to the messenger sector so that the messengers have a SUSY breaking spectrum. They also have SM gauge interactions, which then communicate SUSY breaking to the ordinary superpartners. This mechanism has the great advantage that since the gauge interactions are flavour-blind, it does not introduce FCNCs which are an enormous problem for supergravity mediation models. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapter.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
First noted for its demonstrative worship, the MCA’s periodical the Burning Bush employing the standard practices of early twentieth century muckraking journalism such as printing legal documents, ...
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First noted for its demonstrative worship, the MCA’s periodical the Burning Bush employing the standard practices of early twentieth century muckraking journalism such as printing legal documents, private correspondence and most notable cartoons critical of Holiness Movement, public religious and political figures had become notorious by 1903. Other religious institutions followed. These included a camp meeting, a Bible School orphanage, and sending of evangelists across the Midwest and the North East. At the Buffalo Rock Camp Meeting of 1902, MCA leaders’ first public embraced the practice of giving up personal property. As 1902 ended, an MCA campaign in New England resulted in the conversion of prominent New England holiness radicals, such as African American Susan Fogg to the MCA.Less
First noted for its demonstrative worship, the MCA’s periodical the Burning Bush employing the standard practices of early twentieth century muckraking journalism such as printing legal documents, private correspondence and most notable cartoons critical of Holiness Movement, public religious and political figures had become notorious by 1903. Other religious institutions followed. These included a camp meeting, a Bible School orphanage, and sending of evangelists across the Midwest and the North East. At the Buffalo Rock Camp Meeting of 1902, MCA leaders’ first public embraced the practice of giving up personal property. As 1902 ended, an MCA campaign in New England resulted in the conversion of prominent New England holiness radicals, such as African American Susan Fogg to the MCA.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
In 1905, the MCA acquired the Fountain Spring House, an old resort hotel in Waukesha Wisconsin. Rejecting private property the MCA insisted that all true Christians would give up their possessions. ...
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In 1905, the MCA acquired the Fountain Spring House, an old resort hotel in Waukesha Wisconsin. Rejecting private property the MCA insisted that all true Christians would give up their possessions. With F. M. Messenger, an experienced textile mill superintendent in charge, the MCA sought to duplicate the early Christian practice of having all things in common. Worship especially music was central in the creation of an authentic communal society. Louis Mitchel and W. T. Pettengill, at times working closely with famed African American gospel song composer Thoro Harris, played a key role in building community solidarity. Several noted revivals attracted new members including one in Crandon Wisconsin. Others broke with the MCA including Alma White a close associate since 1901.Less
In 1905, the MCA acquired the Fountain Spring House, an old resort hotel in Waukesha Wisconsin. Rejecting private property the MCA insisted that all true Christians would give up their possessions. With F. M. Messenger, an experienced textile mill superintendent in charge, the MCA sought to duplicate the early Christian practice of having all things in common. Worship especially music was central in the creation of an authentic communal society. Louis Mitchel and W. T. Pettengill, at times working closely with famed African American gospel song composer Thoro Harris, played a key role in building community solidarity. Several noted revivals attracted new members including one in Crandon Wisconsin. Others broke with the MCA including Alma White a close associate since 1901.
Martin Ceadel
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199571161
- eISBN:
- 9780191721762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571161.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
This chapter sets the record straight as to Angell's disastrous land-dealing in California, his fateful meeting with Beatrice Cuvellier, and his occasional journalism, in which he took the first ...
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This chapter sets the record straight as to Angell's disastrous land-dealing in California, his fateful meeting with Beatrice Cuvellier, and his occasional journalism, in which he took the first steps towards his ‘illusion’ thesis. On returning home in mid-1897 he at once found work on the ailing Daily Messenger in Paris, becoming its editor and contract printer, and marrying Beatrice, who had followed him to Europe. He moved closer towards his ‘illusion’ thesis by publishing his first book, Patriotism under Three Flags (1903), though it flopped, as did his ambitious attempt the following year to take over and rescue his Paris paper, leaving him deeply depressed.Less
This chapter sets the record straight as to Angell's disastrous land-dealing in California, his fateful meeting with Beatrice Cuvellier, and his occasional journalism, in which he took the first steps towards his ‘illusion’ thesis. On returning home in mid-1897 he at once found work on the ailing Daily Messenger in Paris, becoming its editor and contract printer, and marrying Beatrice, who had followed him to Europe. He moved closer towards his ‘illusion’ thesis by publishing his first book, Patriotism under Three Flags (1903), though it flopped, as did his ambitious attempt the following year to take over and rescue his Paris paper, leaving him deeply depressed.
Jeffrey L. Kidder
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449925
- eISBN:
- 9780801462917
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449925.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Bike messengers are familiar figures in the downtown cores of major cities. Tasked with delivering time-sensitive materials within, they ride in all types of weather, weave in and out of dense ...
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Bike messengers are familiar figures in the downtown cores of major cities. Tasked with delivering time-sensitive materials within, they ride in all types of weather, weave in and out of dense traffic, dodging taxis and pedestrians alike in order to meet tight deadlines. Riding through midtown traffic at breakneck speeds is dangerous work, and most riders do it for very little pay and few benefits. As the courier industry has felt the pressures of first fax machines, then e-mails, and finally increased opportunities for electronic filing of legal “paperwork,” many of those who remain in the business are devoted to their job. For these couriers, messengering is the foundation for an all-encompassing lifestyle. This book introduces this messenger subculture, exploring its appeal as well as its uncertainties and dangers. The book shows how many become acclimated to the fast-paced, death-defying nature of the job, often continuing to ride with the same sense of purpose off the clock. In chaotic bike races called alleycats, messengers careen through the city in hopes of beating their peers to the finish line. Some messengers travel the world to take part in these events, and the top prizes are often little more than bragging rights. The work of bike messengers is intense and physically difficult. It requires split-second reflexes, an intimate knowledge of street maps and traffic patterns, and a significant measure of courage in the face of both bodily harm and job insecurity.Less
Bike messengers are familiar figures in the downtown cores of major cities. Tasked with delivering time-sensitive materials within, they ride in all types of weather, weave in and out of dense traffic, dodging taxis and pedestrians alike in order to meet tight deadlines. Riding through midtown traffic at breakneck speeds is dangerous work, and most riders do it for very little pay and few benefits. As the courier industry has felt the pressures of first fax machines, then e-mails, and finally increased opportunities for electronic filing of legal “paperwork,” many of those who remain in the business are devoted to their job. For these couriers, messengering is the foundation for an all-encompassing lifestyle. This book introduces this messenger subculture, exploring its appeal as well as its uncertainties and dangers. The book shows how many become acclimated to the fast-paced, death-defying nature of the job, often continuing to ride with the same sense of purpose off the clock. In chaotic bike races called alleycats, messengers careen through the city in hopes of beating their peers to the finish line. Some messengers travel the world to take part in these events, and the top prizes are often little more than bragging rights. The work of bike messengers is intense and physically difficult. It requires split-second reflexes, an intimate knowledge of street maps and traffic patterns, and a significant measure of courage in the face of both bodily harm and job insecurity.
Julian Goodare
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199243549
- eISBN:
- 9780191714160
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243549.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter looks at traditional local government institutions in Scotland, notably the sheriff, baron, and regality courts controlled by the nobility. These courts gained some new powers but mainly ...
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This chapter looks at traditional local government institutions in Scotland, notably the sheriff, baron, and regality courts controlled by the nobility. These courts gained some new powers but mainly became much more accountable to the centre. Royal authority pervaded the localities of the kingdom. Most Scots were not told what to do by Queen Mary or King James or their regents or councillors personally, but by people acting in their name and carrying symbols of royal authority, such as letters under the royal signet. At the sharp end of law enforcement were the messengers at arms and local courts' officers. They, if anyone, carried the authority of the crown into the localities, as the executive officers of the courts. There were various types of officers: royal heralds and pursuivants, messengers at arms, sheriffs, barons, burghs, and other local courts.Less
This chapter looks at traditional local government institutions in Scotland, notably the sheriff, baron, and regality courts controlled by the nobility. These courts gained some new powers but mainly became much more accountable to the centre. Royal authority pervaded the localities of the kingdom. Most Scots were not told what to do by Queen Mary or King James or their regents or councillors personally, but by people acting in their name and carrying symbols of royal authority, such as letters under the royal signet. At the sharp end of law enforcement were the messengers at arms and local courts' officers. They, if anyone, carried the authority of the crown into the localities, as the executive officers of the courts. There were various types of officers: royal heralds and pursuivants, messengers at arms, sheriffs, barons, burghs, and other local courts.
Andrew Laird
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199240050
- eISBN:
- 9780191716850
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199240050.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter eschews an aprioristic approach to the identification and analysis of allegory in ancient texts, instead seeking guidance from the texts themselves. Epic treatment of reflexive ...
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This chapter eschews an aprioristic approach to the identification and analysis of allegory in ancient texts, instead seeking guidance from the texts themselves. Epic treatment of reflexive conventions, such as the messenger speech, suggest that epic is aware of itself as allegory — that is, as a medium whose message cannot be straightforwardly read off. Furthermore, it expects the reader to construct (not ‘find’) its meaning, so that allegorical exegesis converges in the end with interpretation. It turns out that ancient philosophical allegorists are closer to the mark than ancient rhetorical texts, which are limited in their account of allegory as a trope.Less
This chapter eschews an aprioristic approach to the identification and analysis of allegory in ancient texts, instead seeking guidance from the texts themselves. Epic treatment of reflexive conventions, such as the messenger speech, suggest that epic is aware of itself as allegory — that is, as a medium whose message cannot be straightforwardly read off. Furthermore, it expects the reader to construct (not ‘find’) its meaning, so that allegorical exegesis converges in the end with interpretation. It turns out that ancient philosophical allegorists are closer to the mark than ancient rhetorical texts, which are limited in their account of allegory as a trope.
Katerina Ierodiakonou
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199233076
- eISBN:
- 9780191716416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233076.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
The philosopher, according to Epictetus, is God's messenger (angelos), witness (martys), servant (diakonos/hypēretēs), and kinsman (syngenēs). By making full use of their logical reasoning, ...
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The philosopher, according to Epictetus, is God's messenger (angelos), witness (martys), servant (diakonos/hypēretēs), and kinsman (syngenēs). By making full use of their logical reasoning, philosophers are meant to interpret the rational order of the universe and to explain to others what is good and what is evil. Moreover, by applying in everyday life their acquired knowledge, philosophers become for human beings the example which all should be following in order to gain salvation. Thus, Socrates and Diogenes are viewed by Epictetus as the paradigmatic philosophers; for their doctrines and actions were in perfect harmony with the rational order of nature, that is with God's will. It is noteworthy that the portrait of the philosopher which Epictetus presents has a lot in common with that advocated by other philosophers at the time, such as Dio of Prusa, Apollonius of Tyana, and Maximus of Tyre, who also are concerned with the salvation of mankind.Less
The philosopher, according to Epictetus, is God's messenger (angelos), witness (martys), servant (diakonos/hypēretēs), and kinsman (syngenēs). By making full use of their logical reasoning, philosophers are meant to interpret the rational order of the universe and to explain to others what is good and what is evil. Moreover, by applying in everyday life their acquired knowledge, philosophers become for human beings the example which all should be following in order to gain salvation. Thus, Socrates and Diogenes are viewed by Epictetus as the paradigmatic philosophers; for their doctrines and actions were in perfect harmony with the rational order of nature, that is with God's will. It is noteworthy that the portrait of the philosopher which Epictetus presents has a lot in common with that advocated by other philosophers at the time, such as Dio of Prusa, Apollonius of Tyana, and Maximus of Tyre, who also are concerned with the salvation of mankind.
Malcolm Schofield
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199233076
- eISBN:
- 9780191716416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233076.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This chapter focuses on Epictetus' presentation of Diogenes the Cynic, whom he regards both as a divine messenger and as a scout sent by God to spy on men. The two functions complement each other: as ...
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This chapter focuses on Epictetus' presentation of Diogenes the Cynic, whom he regards both as a divine messenger and as a scout sent by God to spy on men. The two functions complement each other: as a scout the philosopher discovers whether life poses any danger to mankind; as a messenger he reveals to others the result of this enquiry, that there is no real danger, as good and evil are always within our power. It is by his way of life, not by formal teaching, that the Cynic achieves this mission. The Cynic's special task, described as ‘kingship and castigation’, is that of protreptic, which may be seen as the first stage in philosophy, preceding examination and formal teaching; it identifies errors in our ordinary way of thinking and points the way towards the truth. In this way, Diogenes can be recognized as a philosopher despite having no formal philosophical doctrine, since protreptic can be seen as a distinctive form of philosophy.Less
This chapter focuses on Epictetus' presentation of Diogenes the Cynic, whom he regards both as a divine messenger and as a scout sent by God to spy on men. The two functions complement each other: as a scout the philosopher discovers whether life poses any danger to mankind; as a messenger he reveals to others the result of this enquiry, that there is no real danger, as good and evil are always within our power. It is by his way of life, not by formal teaching, that the Cynic achieves this mission. The Cynic's special task, described as ‘kingship and castigation’, is that of protreptic, which may be seen as the first stage in philosophy, preceding examination and formal teaching; it identifies errors in our ordinary way of thinking and points the way towards the truth. In this way, Diogenes can be recognized as a philosopher despite having no formal philosophical doctrine, since protreptic can be seen as a distinctive form of philosophy.
John Van Seters
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195153156
- eISBN:
- 9780199834785
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195153154.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter pursues a literary analysis of the narrative context of the Covenant Code within the Sinai law‐giving episode and the code's relationship to, or original independence from, the ...
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This chapter pursues a literary analysis of the narrative context of the Covenant Code within the Sinai law‐giving episode and the code's relationship to, or original independence from, the Pentateuchal sources of that context. The opening laws, the prohibition of divine images, and the law of the altar are discussed as part of the code's framework and in comparison with similar laws in Deuteronomy. The epilogue in Exod 23:20–33 is compared with its parallel in Deut 7 and special attention is given to the “messenger” motif and its place in the wider biblical context. The analysis in this chapter concludes that the Covenant Code belongs to the Yahwist as an integral part of his larger Pentateuchal corpus.Less
This chapter pursues a literary analysis of the narrative context of the Covenant Code within the Sinai law‐giving episode and the code's relationship to, or original independence from, the Pentateuchal sources of that context. The opening laws, the prohibition of divine images, and the law of the altar are discussed as part of the code's framework and in comparison with similar laws in Deuteronomy. The epilogue in Exod 23:20–33 is compared with its parallel in Deut 7 and special attention is given to the “messenger” motif and its place in the wider biblical context. The analysis in this chapter concludes that the Covenant Code belongs to the Yahwist as an integral part of his larger Pentateuchal corpus.
Larry R. Squire
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195380101
- eISBN:
- 9780199864362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380101.003.0012
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience
This chapter presents an autobiography of Solomon H. Snyder. Snyder identified receptors for opiates and neurotransmitters and elucidated mechanisms of drug action. He characterized messenger systems ...
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This chapter presents an autobiography of Solomon H. Snyder. Snyder identified receptors for opiates and neurotransmitters and elucidated mechanisms of drug action. He characterized messenger systems including IP3 receptors and inositol pyrophosphates, and identified novel neurotransmitters including nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and D-serine. His early years, career, and achievements are discussed.Less
This chapter presents an autobiography of Solomon H. Snyder. Snyder identified receptors for opiates and neurotransmitters and elucidated mechanisms of drug action. He characterized messenger systems including IP3 receptors and inositol pyrophosphates, and identified novel neurotransmitters including nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and D-serine. His early years, career, and achievements are discussed.
ROGER W. DAVENPORT, STEPHEN R. BOLSOVER, and S. B. KATER
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195082937
- eISBN:
- 9780199865802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082937.003.0010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter examines the control mechanisms underlying the establishment, modification, and repair of nervous systems as they reside at the level of the neuronal growth cone. It begins with a brief ...
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This chapter examines the control mechanisms underlying the establishment, modification, and repair of nervous systems as they reside at the level of the neuronal growth cone. It begins with a brief history and then outlines some of the essential morphological and structural features of neuronal growth cones. It discusses recent studies of the effects that physiological guidance cues exert on growth cone behavior and the role of the intracellular messenger calcium in controlling both overall growth cone behavior and neuronal pathfinding.Less
This chapter examines the control mechanisms underlying the establishment, modification, and repair of nervous systems as they reside at the level of the neuronal growth cone. It begins with a brief history and then outlines some of the essential morphological and structural features of neuronal growth cones. It discusses recent studies of the effects that physiological guidance cues exert on growth cone behavior and the role of the intracellular messenger calcium in controlling both overall growth cone behavior and neuronal pathfinding.
Sean Murphy and Brian R. Pearce
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195152227
- eISBN:
- 9780199865024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152227.003.0016
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter focuses on recent developments in (predominantly astro-) glial second messenger pathways, particularly those involved in intracellular Ca2+ signaling. It illustrates signaling cascades ...
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This chapter focuses on recent developments in (predominantly astro-) glial second messenger pathways, particularly those involved in intracellular Ca2+ signaling. It illustrates signaling cascades in glia by reference to the regulation of expression and activity of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The product of NOS activity, nitric oxide (NO), then interacts with numerous other molecules, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. The chapter draws attention to the evidence for assemblies of signaling molecules. Compared with highly polarized endothelial cells and neurons, little attention has been paid to such compartmentation within glia.Less
This chapter focuses on recent developments in (predominantly astro-) glial second messenger pathways, particularly those involved in intracellular Ca2+ signaling. It illustrates signaling cascades in glia by reference to the regulation of expression and activity of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The product of NOS activity, nitric oxide (NO), then interacts with numerous other molecules, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. The chapter draws attention to the evidence for assemblies of signaling molecules. Compared with highly polarized endothelial cells and neurons, little attention has been paid to such compartmentation within glia.
Jeffrey L. Kidder
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449925
- eISBN:
- 9780801462917
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449925.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This book examines why and how there is a lure in delivering packages by studying the bike messengers' subculture. More specifically, it considers why bike messengers find meaning in a seemingly ...
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This book examines why and how there is a lure in delivering packages by studying the bike messengers' subculture. More specifically, it considers why bike messengers find meaning in a seemingly menial occupation. Drawing on active participation, informal discussions, and formal interviews supplemented with historical and contemporary documentation, the book explains how a low-end service job such as messengering can generate authentic action and a strong sense of identity. It analyzes the messenger lifestyle through emotions and space and discusses what it calls the affective appropriation of space beyond which there is no messenger subculture. Using a practice-based semiotic analysis of messenger style, the book argues that the lure in delivering packages comes from emotions generated in practice, that the emotional involvement required in making deliveries is what makes urban cycling fun. It contends that there is a remarkable correlation between affective spatial appropriation and the style of bike couriers.Less
This book examines why and how there is a lure in delivering packages by studying the bike messengers' subculture. More specifically, it considers why bike messengers find meaning in a seemingly menial occupation. Drawing on active participation, informal discussions, and formal interviews supplemented with historical and contemporary documentation, the book explains how a low-end service job such as messengering can generate authentic action and a strong sense of identity. It analyzes the messenger lifestyle through emotions and space and discusses what it calls the affective appropriation of space beyond which there is no messenger subculture. Using a practice-based semiotic analysis of messenger style, the book argues that the lure in delivering packages comes from emotions generated in practice, that the emotional involvement required in making deliveries is what makes urban cycling fun. It contends that there is a remarkable correlation between affective spatial appropriation and the style of bike couriers.
Jeffrey L. Kidder
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449925
- eISBN:
- 9780801462917
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449925.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter provides an overview of the lifestyle of bike messengers. At its most basic level, the messenger lifestyle is about bikes and beer; it revolves around urban cycling and various forms of ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the lifestyle of bike messengers. At its most basic level, the messenger lifestyle is about bikes and beer; it revolves around urban cycling and various forms of intoxication. As a bicycle subculture, any messenger gathering has alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and harder drugs as mainstays. This chapter first considers alcohol use by bike messengers before turning to racing events known as alleycats, examples of which are the Cycle Messenger World Championships, New York's Fourth of July Race and Monster Track, and Seattle's Dead Baby Downhill. It then describes the three most common bikes used by couriers: mountain bikes, road bikes, and track bikes. It also compares occupational messengers and lifestyle messengers and explains how outsiders have appropriated various aspects of messenger style. Finally, it examines how bike messengers and the messenger subculture have been portrayed in the media.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the lifestyle of bike messengers. At its most basic level, the messenger lifestyle is about bikes and beer; it revolves around urban cycling and various forms of intoxication. As a bicycle subculture, any messenger gathering has alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and harder drugs as mainstays. This chapter first considers alcohol use by bike messengers before turning to racing events known as alleycats, examples of which are the Cycle Messenger World Championships, New York's Fourth of July Race and Monster Track, and Seattle's Dead Baby Downhill. It then describes the three most common bikes used by couriers: mountain bikes, road bikes, and track bikes. It also compares occupational messengers and lifestyle messengers and explains how outsiders have appropriated various aspects of messenger style. Finally, it examines how bike messengers and the messenger subculture have been portrayed in the media.
Stewart Alan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199549276
- eISBN:
- 9780191701504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549276.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
King Lear is a play riddled with letters — letters written, letters delivered, letters read, letters forged, letters recalled, and letters denied. Since the time of A. C. Bradley ...
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King Lear is a play riddled with letters — letters written, letters delivered, letters read, letters forged, letters recalled, and letters denied. Since the time of A. C. Bradley at the turn of the 12th century, critics have drawn attention to the play's letter communications, and especially to how perverse they are. However, far from being an inconsistent mess, as some critics have alleged, the epistolary transactions are more firmly and particularly plotted in this play than in any other William Shakespeare drama. By tracing the play through its letters one can find a consistent attempt to reconceptualize the relationships between individuals, and the letters and messengers that facilitate and maintain them. This chapter suggests that it is in conflicting ways of being messengers that one finds the central opposition of the play.Less
King Lear is a play riddled with letters — letters written, letters delivered, letters read, letters forged, letters recalled, and letters denied. Since the time of A. C. Bradley at the turn of the 12th century, critics have drawn attention to the play's letter communications, and especially to how perverse they are. However, far from being an inconsistent mess, as some critics have alleged, the epistolary transactions are more firmly and particularly plotted in this play than in any other William Shakespeare drama. By tracing the play through its letters one can find a consistent attempt to reconceptualize the relationships between individuals, and the letters and messengers that facilitate and maintain them. This chapter suggests that it is in conflicting ways of being messengers that one finds the central opposition of the play.
George Basalla
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171815
- eISBN:
- 9780199786862
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171815.003.0007
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
Carl Sagan advised NASA on the Viking mission that landed two spacecraft on Mars (1976). In 1970, he helped prepare interstellar messenger plaques attached to NASA’s Pioneer 10 and 11, the first ...
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Carl Sagan advised NASA on the Viking mission that landed two spacecraft on Mars (1976). In 1970, he helped prepare interstellar messenger plaques attached to NASA’s Pioneer 10 and 11, the first spacecraft to travel to outer space. The small, metal plaques contained coded, visual information about the earth intended for intelligent extraterrestrial beings. By 1977, NASA was ready to send the Voyager spacecraft with more elaborate messages for intelligent aliens: numerous recordings of terrestrial sounds and images. Sagan was deeply involved in the Pioneer and Voyager missions, both signs that America’s space agency had a growing interest in the sometimes controversial search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).Less
Carl Sagan advised NASA on the Viking mission that landed two spacecraft on Mars (1976). In 1970, he helped prepare interstellar messenger plaques attached to NASA’s Pioneer 10 and 11, the first spacecraft to travel to outer space. The small, metal plaques contained coded, visual information about the earth intended for intelligent extraterrestrial beings. By 1977, NASA was ready to send the Voyager spacecraft with more elaborate messages for intelligent aliens: numerous recordings of terrestrial sounds and images. Sagan was deeply involved in the Pioneer and Voyager missions, both signs that America’s space agency had a growing interest in the sometimes controversial search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).
Harold Fisch
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184898
- eISBN:
- 9780191674372
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184898.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter argues that the manifest intention of Paradise Lost from the beginning and to its sequel in Paradise Regained is to relate the story of ‘Man’s First Disobedience’ as that which ‘brought ...
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This chapter argues that the manifest intention of Paradise Lost from the beginning and to its sequel in Paradise Regained is to relate the story of ‘Man’s First Disobedience’ as that which ‘brought Death into the World’, and which would only be set right by the redemptive sacrifice of ‘one greater Man’ who would make good the sin of Adam. Nevertheless, the other narrative which sees the story of Adam and Eve in its Old Testament context as something in between historical fable and moral exemplum is also present as a counterplot.Less
This chapter argues that the manifest intention of Paradise Lost from the beginning and to its sequel in Paradise Regained is to relate the story of ‘Man’s First Disobedience’ as that which ‘brought Death into the World’, and which would only be set right by the redemptive sacrifice of ‘one greater Man’ who would make good the sin of Adam. Nevertheless, the other narrative which sees the story of Adam and Eve in its Old Testament context as something in between historical fable and moral exemplum is also present as a counterplot.
Michael Munowitz
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195167375
- eISBN:
- 9780199787104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195167375.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
In symmetry there is force. First, the indistinguishability of quantum mechanical particles divides the world into bosons and fermions, force and matter. Interchange symmetry imposes an exclusionary ...
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In symmetry there is force. First, the indistinguishability of quantum mechanical particles divides the world into bosons and fermions, force and matter. Interchange symmetry imposes an exclusionary influence on fermions that gives atoms their size and hardness, thereby creating the chemical differences that make life possible. Second, the symmetry of a wave function with respect to a shift in phase — a “gauge” symmetry enforced locally and relativistically all throughout space-time — stitches together the quantum mechanical universe. If two observers, separated in time and space, are to perceive a rotated wave function as doing essentially the same thing, then nature must supply a force field that communicates the difference in phase. A quantized field of messenger particles, bosons, arises to guarantee the local symmetry.Less
In symmetry there is force. First, the indistinguishability of quantum mechanical particles divides the world into bosons and fermions, force and matter. Interchange symmetry imposes an exclusionary influence on fermions that gives atoms their size and hardness, thereby creating the chemical differences that make life possible. Second, the symmetry of a wave function with respect to a shift in phase — a “gauge” symmetry enforced locally and relativistically all throughout space-time — stitches together the quantum mechanical universe. If two observers, separated in time and space, are to perceive a rotated wave function as doing essentially the same thing, then nature must supply a force field that communicates the difference in phase. A quantized field of messenger particles, bosons, arises to guarantee the local symmetry.
ROBERT BALÁZS, RICHARD J. BRIDGES, and CARL W. COTMAN
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195150025
- eISBN:
- 9780199865079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195150025.003.0004
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems
Both kainate receptors and AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and are associated primarily with voltage-independent channels that gate a depolarizing current mainly carried ...
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Both kainate receptors and AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and are associated primarily with voltage-independent channels that gate a depolarizing current mainly carried by an influx of sodium ions. Two compounds—the natural plant product kainic acid, which was isolated from Digenea simplex and is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases caused by parasites, and a synthetic analogue of quisqualic acid, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)—have played pivotal roles in the characterization of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor (GluR) subclass. The question of whether functional kainate receptors exist in the human central nervous system remained unresolved for a long time. This situation changed signiticantly with the cloning of GluR subunits. Cloning of additional GluR subunits firmly established the existence of genuine kainate receptors. This chapter discusses the molecular structure and subunit composition of kainate receptors, along with their single-channel conductance and desensitization, alternative splicing, messenger RNA editing, distribution, pharmacology, role in synaptic plasticity, and therapeutic applications.Less
Both kainate receptors and AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and are associated primarily with voltage-independent channels that gate a depolarizing current mainly carried by an influx of sodium ions. Two compounds—the natural plant product kainic acid, which was isolated from Digenea simplex and is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases caused by parasites, and a synthetic analogue of quisqualic acid, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)—have played pivotal roles in the characterization of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor (GluR) subclass. The question of whether functional kainate receptors exist in the human central nervous system remained unresolved for a long time. This situation changed signiticantly with the cloning of GluR subunits. Cloning of additional GluR subunits firmly established the existence of genuine kainate receptors. This chapter discusses the molecular structure and subunit composition of kainate receptors, along with their single-channel conductance and desensitization, alternative splicing, messenger RNA editing, distribution, pharmacology, role in synaptic plasticity, and therapeutic applications.
