James L. Crenshaw
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195140026
- eISBN:
- 9780199835607
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140028.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The existence of evil has given rise to perplexed questioning of divine justice from the beginning of recorded history. The present volume examines early responses to the problem of theodicy in ...
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The existence of evil has given rise to perplexed questioning of divine justice from the beginning of recorded history. The present volume examines early responses to the problem of theodicy in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Syria-Palestine as a way of assessing modern approaches to existential and religious crises. Through close readings of many texts in the Hebrew Bible and comparison with treatments in extrabiblical literature, it explores the richly diverse legacy of those who have influenced the West in so many ways. That legacy ranges from denying that a problem exists—the atheistic answer—to positing a vulnerable deity who assumes full responsibility for evil and its eradication. Between those two poles are responses that attempt to spread the blame, assuming a multiplicity of deities, a single rival deity (the personification of all evil), or a solitary deity who is somehow constrained, either by limited power and knowledge or by a split personality that struggles to balance the conflicting demands of justice and mercy. Analogies from parenting, jurisprudence, and the cult offer responses of discipline, retribution, and substitutionary atonement, respectively. Two final responses acquiesce to injustice in the present life, anticipating rectification beyond the grave or acknowledging human ignorance in the face of divine mystery. The limitation articulated by the last response requires that even the effort to provide a theodicy be questioned, especially given the fact that mortals have already received from the deity the greatest gift of all: life. Still, the search for answers is bound to continue, for it is only in challenging belief that theological discourse retains its integrity.Less
The existence of evil has given rise to perplexed questioning of divine justice from the beginning of recorded history. The present volume examines early responses to the problem of theodicy in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Syria-Palestine as a way of assessing modern approaches to existential and religious crises. Through close readings of many texts in the Hebrew Bible and comparison with treatments in extrabiblical literature, it explores the richly diverse legacy of those who have influenced the West in so many ways. That legacy ranges from denying that a problem exists—the atheistic answer—to positing a vulnerable deity who assumes full responsibility for evil and its eradication. Between those two poles are responses that attempt to spread the blame, assuming a multiplicity of deities, a single rival deity (the personification of all evil), or a solitary deity who is somehow constrained, either by limited power and knowledge or by a split personality that struggles to balance the conflicting demands of justice and mercy. Analogies from parenting, jurisprudence, and the cult offer responses of discipline, retribution, and substitutionary atonement, respectively. Two final responses acquiesce to injustice in the present life, anticipating rectification beyond the grave or acknowledging human ignorance in the face of divine mystery. The limitation articulated by the last response requires that even the effort to provide a theodicy be questioned, especially given the fact that mortals have already received from the deity the greatest gift of all: life. Still, the search for answers is bound to continue, for it is only in challenging belief that theological discourse retains its integrity.
Hugh White
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198187301
- eISBN:
- 9780191674693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198187301.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This chapter suggests that the unsatisfactoriness of the natural for Chaucer and Gower was inevitable because they were much concerned with nature as promoter of sexual love; and in late medieval ...
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This chapter suggests that the unsatisfactoriness of the natural for Chaucer and Gower was inevitable because they were much concerned with nature as promoter of sexual love; and in late medieval culture sexual love and reason were inevitably at odds. Nevertheless, they are greatly interested in the natural precisely as it offers the prospect of concord between love and reason, the body and the spirit, the self-oriented and the altruistic, earth and heaven. Dante certainly moved towards it and in England, the Gawain-poet was emphatically affirmative about the goodness of the natural in sex. However, It is also noticeable that Chaucer's great contemporaries Langland, the Gawain-poet, and Julian of Norwich all strongly affirm the mercy of God and celebrate the natural.Less
This chapter suggests that the unsatisfactoriness of the natural for Chaucer and Gower was inevitable because they were much concerned with nature as promoter of sexual love; and in late medieval culture sexual love and reason were inevitably at odds. Nevertheless, they are greatly interested in the natural precisely as it offers the prospect of concord between love and reason, the body and the spirit, the self-oriented and the altruistic, earth and heaven. Dante certainly moved towards it and in England, the Gawain-poet was emphatically affirmative about the goodness of the natural in sex. However, It is also noticeable that Chaucer's great contemporaries Langland, the Gawain-poet, and Julian of Norwich all strongly affirm the mercy of God and celebrate the natural.
Daniel Philpott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199827565
- eISBN:
- 9780199949779
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827565.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In the wake of massive injustice, how can justice be achieved and peace restored? This book offers an innovative and hopeful response to these questions. It challenges the approach to peacebuilding ...
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In the wake of massive injustice, how can justice be achieved and peace restored? This book offers an innovative and hopeful response to these questions. It challenges the approach to peacebuilding that dominates the United Nations, Western governments, and the human rights community. While this book shares their commitments to human rights and democracy, it argues that these values alone cannot redress the wounds caused by war, genocide, and dictatorship. Both justice and the effective restoration of political order call for a more holistic, restorative approach. The book answers that call by proposing a form of political reconciliation that is deeply rooted in three religious traditions—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism—as well as the restorative justice movement. These traditions offer the fullest expressions of the core concepts of justice, mercy, and peace. By adapting these ancient concepts to modern constitutional democracy and international norms, the book crafts an ethic that has widespread appeal and offers real hope for the restoration of justice in fractured communities. From the roots of these traditions, the book develops six practices—building just institutions and relations between states, acknowledgment, reparations, restorative punishment, apology and, most important, forgiveness—which the book then applies to real cases, identifying how each practice redresses a unique set of wounds. Focusing on places as varied as Bosnia, Iraq, South Africa, Germany, Sierra Leone, Timor-Leste, Chile, and many others—and drawing on the actual experience of victims and perpetrators—this book offers a fresh approach to the age-old problem of restoring justice in the aftermath of widespread injustice.Less
In the wake of massive injustice, how can justice be achieved and peace restored? This book offers an innovative and hopeful response to these questions. It challenges the approach to peacebuilding that dominates the United Nations, Western governments, and the human rights community. While this book shares their commitments to human rights and democracy, it argues that these values alone cannot redress the wounds caused by war, genocide, and dictatorship. Both justice and the effective restoration of political order call for a more holistic, restorative approach. The book answers that call by proposing a form of political reconciliation that is deeply rooted in three religious traditions—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism—as well as the restorative justice movement. These traditions offer the fullest expressions of the core concepts of justice, mercy, and peace. By adapting these ancient concepts to modern constitutional democracy and international norms, the book crafts an ethic that has widespread appeal and offers real hope for the restoration of justice in fractured communities. From the roots of these traditions, the book develops six practices—building just institutions and relations between states, acknowledgment, reparations, restorative punishment, apology and, most important, forgiveness—which the book then applies to real cases, identifying how each practice redresses a unique set of wounds. Focusing on places as varied as Bosnia, Iraq, South Africa, Germany, Sierra Leone, Timor-Leste, Chile, and many others—and drawing on the actual experience of victims and perpetrators—this book offers a fresh approach to the age-old problem of restoring justice in the aftermath of widespread injustice.
John Paul Lederach and R. Scott Appleby
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195395914
- eISBN:
- 9780199776801
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395914.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter explores the applicability of a political ethic of reconciliation to cases of gross human rights violations and past political injustices, drawing on reconciliation’s central ...
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This chapter explores the applicability of a political ethic of reconciliation to cases of gross human rights violations and past political injustices, drawing on reconciliation’s central virtue—mercy—as found in various religious traditions, international human rights discourse, and the liberal tradition. The chapter brings to light not only a deeper meaning of the term reconciliation as a concept of justice, but also what political reconciliation translates to in practice for victims, perpetrators, and state institutions. Like peacebuilding, an ethic of reconciliation at the political and state level involves a multiplicity of practices that are often viewed as mutually exclusive. However, Philpott illustrates through engaging key critiques of reconciliation that when taken together these restorative practices constitute a unique and holistic ethic of reconciliation for political healing.Less
This chapter explores the applicability of a political ethic of reconciliation to cases of gross human rights violations and past political injustices, drawing on reconciliation’s central virtue—mercy—as found in various religious traditions, international human rights discourse, and the liberal tradition. The chapter brings to light not only a deeper meaning of the term reconciliation as a concept of justice, but also what political reconciliation translates to in practice for victims, perpetrators, and state institutions. Like peacebuilding, an ethic of reconciliation at the political and state level involves a multiplicity of practices that are often viewed as mutually exclusive. However, Philpott illustrates through engaging key critiques of reconciliation that when taken together these restorative practices constitute a unique and holistic ethic of reconciliation for political healing.
Brian Davies
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198267539
- eISBN:
- 9780191600500
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198267533.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
The book has so far shown that Thomas Aquinas had plenty to say about what we need to affirm of God from a philosophical viewpoint and without explicit reference to, or dependence Christian ...
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The book has so far shown that Thomas Aquinas had plenty to say about what we need to affirm of God from a philosophical viewpoint and without explicit reference to, or dependence Christian revelation. According to him, there are good philosophical grounds for saying that God is the creator of the world, and that he is perfect, good, ubiquitous, eternal, unique, powerful, and knowledgeable. This chapter turns to his philosophical treatment of God's will, God's love, and God's justice and mercy, for what he has to say presupposes, and connects with, much that he teaches concerning God's changelessness, power, and knowledge. His philosophical case for ascribing will to God rests, for example, on his view of God's knowledge or understanding, and he develops it by drawing on the conclusion that God is wholly immutable.Less
The book has so far shown that Thomas Aquinas had plenty to say about what we need to affirm of God from a philosophical viewpoint and without explicit reference to, or dependence Christian revelation. According to him, there are good philosophical grounds for saying that God is the creator of the world, and that he is perfect, good, ubiquitous, eternal, unique, powerful, and knowledgeable. This chapter turns to his philosophical treatment of God's will, God's love, and God's justice and mercy, for what he has to say presupposes, and connects with, much that he teaches concerning God's changelessness, power, and knowledge. His philosophical case for ascribing will to God rests, for example, on his view of God's knowledge or understanding, and he develops it by drawing on the conclusion that God is wholly immutable.
Ramsay Burt
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195386691
- eISBN:
- 9780199863600
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386691.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
Ramsay Burt interrogates normative definitions of masculinity in ethical perspective by a close reading of two modern dance solos: Joe Goode's performance of his 29 Effeminate Gestures, and Pina ...
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Ramsay Burt interrogates normative definitions of masculinity in ethical perspective by a close reading of two modern dance solos: Joe Goode's performance of his 29 Effeminate Gestures, and Pina Bausch's Der Fensterputzer, performed by Dominique Mercy. Calling on the theoretical concepts of Judith Butler, Peggy Phelan, and Mieke Bal, Burt shows how each solo troubles gender norms by exploiting the power of unmarked masculinity, especially how the breaking up of the binary of “presence” and “absence” can destabilize conventional expectations of performance. Such strategies can draw on history and memory to transform masculinity as a singular ideal into the plural idea of “masculinities,” which are social and cultural performances that change continually.Less
Ramsay Burt interrogates normative definitions of masculinity in ethical perspective by a close reading of two modern dance solos: Joe Goode's performance of his 29 Effeminate Gestures, and Pina Bausch's Der Fensterputzer, performed by Dominique Mercy. Calling on the theoretical concepts of Judith Butler, Peggy Phelan, and Mieke Bal, Burt shows how each solo troubles gender norms by exploiting the power of unmarked masculinity, especially how the breaking up of the binary of “presence” and “absence” can destabilize conventional expectations of performance. Such strategies can draw on history and memory to transform masculinity as a singular ideal into the plural idea of “masculinities,” which are social and cultural performances that change continually.
Mona Siddiqui
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300211863
- eISBN:
- 9780300216028
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300211863.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Considering its prominent role in many faith traditions, surprisingly little has been written about hospitality within the context of religion, particularly Islam. This book makes a contribution to ...
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Considering its prominent role in many faith traditions, surprisingly little has been written about hospitality within the context of religion, particularly Islam. This book makes a contribution to the understanding of hospitality both within Islam and beyond. It explores and compares teachings within the various Muslim traditions over the centuries, while also drawing on materials as diverse as Islamic belles lettres, Christian reflections on almsgiving and charity, and Islamic and Western feminist writings on gender issues. Applying a theological approach to the idea of mercy as a fundamental basis for human relationships, this book considers issues related to Islam, ethics, and religious studies.Less
Considering its prominent role in many faith traditions, surprisingly little has been written about hospitality within the context of religion, particularly Islam. This book makes a contribution to the understanding of hospitality both within Islam and beyond. It explores and compares teachings within the various Muslim traditions over the centuries, while also drawing on materials as diverse as Islamic belles lettres, Christian reflections on almsgiving and charity, and Islamic and Western feminist writings on gender issues. Applying a theological approach to the idea of mercy as a fundamental basis for human relationships, this book considers issues related to Islam, ethics, and religious studies.
Edward Rohs and Judith Estrine
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780823240227
- eISBN:
- 9780823240265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823240227.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter describes the aftermath of WWII and the challenges society faced in housing and caring for the generation of baby boomers who were born into extreme deprivation. It discusses ...
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This chapter describes the aftermath of WWII and the challenges society faced in housing and caring for the generation of baby boomers who were born into extreme deprivation. It discusses impoverished WWII war widows with children; women with illegitimate children; and WWII soldiers who falsified their death so as not to be responsible for an out-of-wedlock child. The chapter touches, for example, upon Ed Rohs' mother desperate straits and the ramifications of an out-of-wedlock pregnancy for a poor young woman in 1946. The chapter describes how, when he was six months old, Ed's parents brought him to the Angel Guardian Home for Infants in Brooklyn under the auspices of the Sisters of Mercy.Less
This chapter describes the aftermath of WWII and the challenges society faced in housing and caring for the generation of baby boomers who were born into extreme deprivation. It discusses impoverished WWII war widows with children; women with illegitimate children; and WWII soldiers who falsified their death so as not to be responsible for an out-of-wedlock child. The chapter touches, for example, upon Ed Rohs' mother desperate straits and the ramifications of an out-of-wedlock pregnancy for a poor young woman in 1946. The chapter describes how, when he was six months old, Ed's parents brought him to the Angel Guardian Home for Infants in Brooklyn under the auspices of the Sisters of Mercy.
Douglas Husak
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199585038
- eISBN:
- 9780191723476
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199585038.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
Contrary to conventional wisdom, this chapter argues that the motive of the defendant is and ought to be relevant to his criminal liability. It attempts to show that motives are important to ...
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Contrary to conventional wisdom, this chapter argues that the motive of the defendant is and ought to be relevant to his criminal liability. It attempts to show that motives are important to liability according to any philosophically plausible conception of the nature of motives. It discusses several respects in which motives are relevant to the substantive criminal law and traces some normative implications of the author's thesis.Less
Contrary to conventional wisdom, this chapter argues that the motive of the defendant is and ought to be relevant to his criminal liability. It attempts to show that motives are important to liability according to any philosophically plausible conception of the nature of motives. It discusses several respects in which motives are relevant to the substantive criminal law and traces some normative implications of the author's thesis.
Rushmir Mahmutćehajić
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823227518
- eISBN:
- 9780823237029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823227518.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
All phenomena “with truth” deny the primary nature of evil, although a person cannot either avoid it or surpass it until he is in his entirety returned to non-duality. Thus, since evil is not ...
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All phenomena “with truth” deny the primary nature of evil, although a person cannot either avoid it or surpass it until he is in his entirety returned to non-duality. Thus, since evil is not primary, neither is it predictable. Disclosure is not and cannot be complete, for no outwardness is possible without inwardness. Overcoming that duality is not possible without violence. Where there is love, there is also duality, and the other way around—duality is only the possibility of revealing oneness, so its overcoming is the love that is present in each participant of that duality. The heavens are a sign of the invisible, insensible, and spiritual, and the earth of the visible, sensible, and corporeal. That duality is matched by commandment and creation, or mercy and wrath. There is no complete light, but neither is there complete darkness. Thus, the world and its phenomena are bathed in light and permeated with mercy, which are essential fullness, which darkness and wrath are not and cannot be.Less
All phenomena “with truth” deny the primary nature of evil, although a person cannot either avoid it or surpass it until he is in his entirety returned to non-duality. Thus, since evil is not primary, neither is it predictable. Disclosure is not and cannot be complete, for no outwardness is possible without inwardness. Overcoming that duality is not possible without violence. Where there is love, there is also duality, and the other way around—duality is only the possibility of revealing oneness, so its overcoming is the love that is present in each participant of that duality. The heavens are a sign of the invisible, insensible, and spiritual, and the earth of the visible, sensible, and corporeal. That duality is matched by commandment and creation, or mercy and wrath. There is no complete light, but neither is there complete darkness. Thus, the world and its phenomena are bathed in light and permeated with mercy, which are essential fullness, which darkness and wrath are not and cannot be.
Patricia Londoño-Vega
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199249534
- eISBN:
- 9780191719318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249534.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter begins by discussing the foundation of several philanthropic associations and entities for the purpose of assisting the sick; collection of alms for the needy; protection and teaching of ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the foundation of several philanthropic associations and entities for the purpose of assisting the sick; collection of alms for the needy; protection and teaching of widows, orphans, and the aged; and the burial of the poor. It adds that charity hospitals and welfare institutions in Antioquia increased in direct response to the demands resulting from the rapid urbanisation and industrialisation of the Aburrá valley. It explains that these organisations constructed bridges between social classes.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the foundation of several philanthropic associations and entities for the purpose of assisting the sick; collection of alms for the needy; protection and teaching of widows, orphans, and the aged; and the burial of the poor. It adds that charity hospitals and welfare institutions in Antioquia increased in direct response to the demands resulting from the rapid urbanisation and industrialisation of the Aburrá valley. It explains that these organisations constructed bridges between social classes.
Jane Idleman Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195156492
- eISBN:
- 9780199834662
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195156498.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
Here again modern interpreters seek to provide deeper understanding of, or give new meanings to, the modalities of the day of resurrection. Consideration is given to attempts to reconcile the Qur’an ...
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Here again modern interpreters seek to provide deeper understanding of, or give new meanings to, the modalities of the day of resurrection. Consideration is given to attempts to reconcile the Qur’an with modern scientific findings, to the strongly ethical dimensions of the Qur’anic presentation of judgment and recompense, and to the physical and spiritual dimensions of the rewards of the Garden and the punishments of the Fire. A prominent theme in contemporary interpretation is the relationship between divine justice and human responsibility.Less
Here again modern interpreters seek to provide deeper understanding of, or give new meanings to, the modalities of the day of resurrection. Consideration is given to attempts to reconcile the Qur’an with modern scientific findings, to the strongly ethical dimensions of the Qur’anic presentation of judgment and recompense, and to the physical and spiritual dimensions of the rewards of the Garden and the punishments of the Fire. A prominent theme in contemporary interpretation is the relationship between divine justice and human responsibility.
F. S. Naiden
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195183412
- eISBN:
- 9780199789399
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183412.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
This chapter shows how the Romans devise a more complex relation between supplication and the law, notably in court. Here again, supplication molds itself both to the political system and to moral ...
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This chapter shows how the Romans devise a more complex relation between supplication and the law, notably in court. Here again, supplication molds itself both to the political system and to moral and legal norms, notably the concept of mercy, almost entirely missing from Athenian supplication but crucial for Roman supplication in wartime. Meanwhile, magistrates and then emperors replace the courts and assemblies of Athens as the characteristic supplicandi. From the late Republic onwards, the Romans regulate and restrict supplication at temples, effectively replacing it with supplication at the emperor's statue — in other words, supplication to the chief magistrate. The Romans also use supplication as a form of appeal against mistaken verdicts and as a means of rectifying inadequate legislation.Less
This chapter shows how the Romans devise a more complex relation between supplication and the law, notably in court. Here again, supplication molds itself both to the political system and to moral and legal norms, notably the concept of mercy, almost entirely missing from Athenian supplication but crucial for Roman supplication in wartime. Meanwhile, magistrates and then emperors replace the courts and assemblies of Athens as the characteristic supplicandi. From the late Republic onwards, the Romans regulate and restrict supplication at temples, effectively replacing it with supplication at the emperor's statue — in other words, supplication to the chief magistrate. The Romans also use supplication as a form of appeal against mistaken verdicts and as a means of rectifying inadequate legislation.
H. E. J. COWDREY
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259601
- eISBN:
- 9780191717406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259601.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
When Lanfranc became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070, he had some two-and-a-half decades of monastic life behind him. Lanfranc's episcopal model, for himself as a monk and for others who shared his ...
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When Lanfranc became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070, he had some two-and-a-half decades of monastic life behind him. Lanfranc's episcopal model, for himself as a monk and for others who shared his pastoral care, was that of a monk-bishop who, according to his circumstances, combined the qualities of the cloister with those requisite for his wider responsibility. Lanfranc exhibited a combination of severity arising from an insistence upon authority and obedience with a pastoral care for the duly subject which arose from mercy and charity. This chapter examines Lanfranc's monastic order, his reforming of monastic life at Christ Church, his dealings with three abbeys (St. Albans, Bury St. Edmunds, and St. Augustine's at Canterbury), the body of legislation that he provided in his monastic constitutions, and his propagation of and provision for cathedral and episcopal monasteries.Less
When Lanfranc became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070, he had some two-and-a-half decades of monastic life behind him. Lanfranc's episcopal model, for himself as a monk and for others who shared his pastoral care, was that of a monk-bishop who, according to his circumstances, combined the qualities of the cloister with those requisite for his wider responsibility. Lanfranc exhibited a combination of severity arising from an insistence upon authority and obedience with a pastoral care for the duly subject which arose from mercy and charity. This chapter examines Lanfranc's monastic order, his reforming of monastic life at Christ Church, his dealings with three abbeys (St. Albans, Bury St. Edmunds, and St. Augustine's at Canterbury), the body of legislation that he provided in his monastic constitutions, and his propagation of and provision for cathedral and episcopal monasteries.
Alan F. Segal
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269854
- eISBN:
- 9780191600517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269854.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
The paper sketches the history of expressions of resurrection in biblical thought. Particularly important for the development of the notion of resurrection are Jewish millennialist movements like ...
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The paper sketches the history of expressions of resurrection in biblical thought. Particularly important for the development of the notion of resurrection are Jewish millennialist movements like that which produced Daniel 12, subjected to martyrdom, which in turn serves as a focal point for the discussion of God's mercy and justice. As opposed to the young men in millenarian movements who lose their lives as martyrs in the expectation of bodily restoration at the end of time, Hellenized Jewish intellectuals embraced the Platonic notion of the immortality of the soul in order to express continuity of consciousness after death—a very intellectual hope. The martyrdom context is crucial for understanding the expectation of Jesus’ resurrection among his followers. Although both rabbinic Judaism and early Christianity affirm resurrection strongly, they eventually both subsume cocnepts of immortality of the soul, each in its own way and in stark contradiction to each other.Less
The paper sketches the history of expressions of resurrection in biblical thought. Particularly important for the development of the notion of resurrection are Jewish millennialist movements like that which produced Daniel 12, subjected to martyrdom, which in turn serves as a focal point for the discussion of God's mercy and justice. As opposed to the young men in millenarian movements who lose their lives as martyrs in the expectation of bodily restoration at the end of time, Hellenized Jewish intellectuals embraced the Platonic notion of the immortality of the soul in order to express continuity of consciousness after death—a very intellectual hope. The martyrdom context is crucial for understanding the expectation of Jesus’ resurrection among his followers. Although both rabbinic Judaism and early Christianity affirm resurrection strongly, they eventually both subsume cocnepts of immortality of the soul, each in its own way and in stark contradiction to each other.
James L. Crenshaw
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195140026
- eISBN:
- 9780199835607
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140028.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The tension between justice and mercy within God gave rise to stories illustrating YHWH’s desire to let compassion prevail, although not always. Genesis 18–19 has Abraham plead with God to spare the ...
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The tension between justice and mercy within God gave rise to stories illustrating YHWH’s desire to let compassion prevail, although not always. Genesis 18–19 has Abraham plead with God to spare the innocents who lived in the doomed cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, and the prophet Joel appeals to God to extend the merciful attributes of Exod 34:6 to a devastated Judean populace. In contrast, a petulant Jonah objects when a merciful God spares a foreign city, Nineveh, and a greatly wronged prophet, Jeremiah, accuses YHWH of rape.Less
The tension between justice and mercy within God gave rise to stories illustrating YHWH’s desire to let compassion prevail, although not always. Genesis 18–19 has Abraham plead with God to spare the innocents who lived in the doomed cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, and the prophet Joel appeals to God to extend the merciful attributes of Exod 34:6 to a devastated Judean populace. In contrast, a petulant Jonah objects when a merciful God spares a foreign city, Nineveh, and a greatly wronged prophet, Jeremiah, accuses YHWH of rape.
M. Jamie Ferreira
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195130256
- eISBN:
- 9780199834181
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195130251.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
The obligation to be merciful applies to poor and rich alike since mercy is distinguished from financial generosity. Material benevolence on the part of those who are well‐off is assumed – here the ...
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The obligation to be merciful applies to poor and rich alike since mercy is distinguished from financial generosity. Material benevolence on the part of those who are well‐off is assumed – here the emphasis is on encouragement for those with few or no means. The relation between sympathy and imagination is explored.Less
The obligation to be merciful applies to poor and rich alike since mercy is distinguished from financial generosity. Material benevolence on the part of those who are well‐off is assumed – here the emphasis is on encouragement for those with few or no means. The relation between sympathy and imagination is explored.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195136401
- eISBN:
- 9780199835164
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195136403.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Discusses how Rose of Lima, on the model of Christ, offered herself as a sacrificial victim to expiate the sins of natives, Spaniards, and Creoles in the New World. Rose of Lima’s patronage is ...
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Discusses how Rose of Lima, on the model of Christ, offered herself as a sacrificial victim to expiate the sins of natives, Spaniards, and Creoles in the New World. Rose of Lima’s patronage is explored in its relations to the Madonna of Mercy and other antecedents.Less
Discusses how Rose of Lima, on the model of Christ, offered herself as a sacrificial victim to expiate the sins of natives, Spaniards, and Creoles in the New World. Rose of Lima’s patronage is explored in its relations to the Madonna of Mercy and other antecedents.
Karen B. Westerfield Tucker
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195126983
- eISBN:
- 9780199834754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019512698X.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
From the earliest days, Methodists were exhorted to practice works of piety and works of mercy in order to nurture both inner religion and social holiness. These works of piety include family ...
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From the earliest days, Methodists were exhorted to practice works of piety and works of mercy in order to nurture both inner religion and social holiness. These works of piety include family worship, public prayer (often manifested during the week as the “prayer meeting”), and fasting. The visitation of the sick and ministries of healing numbered among the means of caring for others. Eventually, these services of prayer and acts of discipleship, which were understood as essential occasions for worship and channels of grace, came to be regarded as no more than personal options.Less
From the earliest days, Methodists were exhorted to practice works of piety and works of mercy in order to nurture both inner religion and social holiness. These works of piety include family worship, public prayer (often manifested during the week as the “prayer meeting”), and fasting. The visitation of the sick and ministries of healing numbered among the means of caring for others. Eventually, these services of prayer and acts of discipleship, which were understood as essential occasions for worship and channels of grace, came to be regarded as no more than personal options.
Jennifer Knust and Tommy Wasserman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691169880
- eISBN:
- 9780691184463
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter addresses the possibility that the pericope adulterae was deleted rather than interpolated. Contemporary scholars have often suggested that the unusual history of the pericope adulterae ...
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This chapter addresses the possibility that the pericope adulterae was deleted rather than interpolated. Contemporary scholars have often suggested that the unusual history of the pericope adulterae can best be explained by its seemingly radical content. In a world where adultery on the part of women was heavily censured, this story may have pushed the limits of Christian mercy too far, especially since the earliest Christians were often accused of sexual misconduct. In addition, the woman showed no apparent signs of repentance. Nevertheless, outright deletion or intentional suppression are both highly improbable: scribes and scholars were trained never to delete, even when they doubted the authenticity of a given passage, and the widespread affection for stories about adulterous women across the ancient world belies the thesis that this story was censored.Less
This chapter addresses the possibility that the pericope adulterae was deleted rather than interpolated. Contemporary scholars have often suggested that the unusual history of the pericope adulterae can best be explained by its seemingly radical content. In a world where adultery on the part of women was heavily censured, this story may have pushed the limits of Christian mercy too far, especially since the earliest Christians were often accused of sexual misconduct. In addition, the woman showed no apparent signs of repentance. Nevertheless, outright deletion or intentional suppression are both highly improbable: scribes and scholars were trained never to delete, even when they doubted the authenticity of a given passage, and the widespread affection for stories about adulterous women across the ancient world belies the thesis that this story was censored.
