Jacqueline Corcoran
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195375718
- eISBN:
- 9780199865529
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195375718.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
This book reviews the evidence basis for the treatment of mental health disorders that present in children and adolescents, using both the American Psychological Association Division 12 Task Force ...
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This book reviews the evidence basis for the treatment of mental health disorders that present in children and adolescents, using both the American Psychological Association Division 12 Task Force Criteria for empirically supported treatment and the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The context of the child and its influence on the development of the mental health disorder, as well as treatment and recovery, is appraised through the risk and resilience framework. Barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for the practice and research of evidence-based treatment for child and adolescent mental health disorders are advanced.Less
This book reviews the evidence basis for the treatment of mental health disorders that present in children and adolescents, using both the American Psychological Association Division 12 Task Force Criteria for empirically supported treatment and the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The context of the child and its influence on the development of the mental health disorder, as well as treatment and recovery, is appraised through the risk and resilience framework. Barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for the practice and research of evidence-based treatment for child and adolescent mental health disorders are advanced.
Bernard Gert, Charles M. Culver, and K. Danner Clouser
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195159066
- eISBN:
- 9780199786466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195159063.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from ...
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This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. It defends this definition from the criticisms of Jerome Wakefield and others, and explains why the DSM account of the paraphilias continues to change from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. An account of volitional disabilities and a classification of actions that distinguishes between intentional, voluntary, and free actions are also provided.Less
This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. It defends this definition from the criticisms of Jerome Wakefield and others, and explains why the DSM account of the paraphilias continues to change from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. An account of volitional disabilities and a classification of actions that distinguishes between intentional, voluntary, and free actions are also provided.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195304718
- eISBN:
- 9780199786572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195304713.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter focuses on the ways moral values are embedded in conceptions of mental disorders and positive health, focusing on when mental health is defined negatively, as in the absence of mental ...
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This chapter focuses on the ways moral values are embedded in conceptions of mental disorders and positive health, focusing on when mental health is defined negatively, as in the absence of mental disorders. In the Republic, Plato proposes that the health of the mind consists in exercising the cardinal virtues: practical wisdom in making judgments, courage in confronting dangers, temperance in satisfying appetites, and justice in manifesting inner harmony in desirable conduct. Immorality is the absence of healthy self-governance, whether due to ignorance, cowardice, lack of self-control, or inner chaos. For Plato, “moral health” and “moral sickness” are not mere metaphors. They refer to mental health and pathology as defined by concepts of virtue and vice. Critics of the therapeutic trend denounce Plato's proposal as a dangerous confusion — dangerous, because equating morality with mental health gives health professionals alarming power in moral matters; confusion, because mental health and virtue are entirely different. The chapter affirms Plato's core insight: mental health and moral virtue are significantly interwoven in their meaning and reference. This is true when mental health is defined negatively, as the absence of mental disorders.Less
This chapter focuses on the ways moral values are embedded in conceptions of mental disorders and positive health, focusing on when mental health is defined negatively, as in the absence of mental disorders. In the Republic, Plato proposes that the health of the mind consists in exercising the cardinal virtues: practical wisdom in making judgments, courage in confronting dangers, temperance in satisfying appetites, and justice in manifesting inner harmony in desirable conduct. Immorality is the absence of healthy self-governance, whether due to ignorance, cowardice, lack of self-control, or inner chaos. For Plato, “moral health” and “moral sickness” are not mere metaphors. They refer to mental health and pathology as defined by concepts of virtue and vice. Critics of the therapeutic trend denounce Plato's proposal as a dangerous confusion — dangerous, because equating morality with mental health gives health professionals alarming power in moral matters; confusion, because mental health and virtue are entirely different. The chapter affirms Plato's core insight: mental health and moral virtue are significantly interwoven in their meaning and reference. This is true when mental health is defined negatively, as the absence of mental disorders.
Silvia S. Martins, Jean Ko, Sachiko Kuwabara, Diana Clarke, Pierre Alexandre, Peter Zandi, Tamar Mendelson, Preben Bo Mortensen, and William W. Eaton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter presents an overview of recent literature and new data on differences in the prevalence of mental disorders across four key social variables: socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, ...
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This chapter presents an overview of recent literature and new data on differences in the prevalence of mental disorders across four key social variables: socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, marital status, and urbanicity. In some cases, these social factors can be risk factors for a mental disorder; in others they can be consequences of a mental disorder (e.g., low educational attainment secondary to a childhood disorder). Also, these social variables can interact with one another and act as confounders, mediators, or moderators in the association of specific mental disorders with specific social factors.Less
This chapter presents an overview of recent literature and new data on differences in the prevalence of mental disorders across four key social variables: socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, marital status, and urbanicity. In some cases, these social factors can be risk factors for a mental disorder; in others they can be consequences of a mental disorder (e.g., low educational attainment secondary to a childhood disorder). Also, these social variables can interact with one another and act as confounders, mediators, or moderators in the association of specific mental disorders with specific social factors.
Walter Glannon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195307788
- eISBN:
- 9780199867431
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307788.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter describes different forms of brain imaging, laying out their design and limitations. It explains the ways brain scans can help to diagnose mental disorders, as well as to monitor the ...
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This chapter describes different forms of brain imaging, laying out their design and limitations. It explains the ways brain scans can help to diagnose mental disorders, as well as to monitor the progression of these disorders and the effects of treatment for them. More ethically controversial uses of diagnostic imaging are discussed, including what brain scans might tell us about the neurobiological basis of free will and how they might influence our judgments about moral and legal responsibility. Ethical issues surrounding predictive imaging are then considered, focusing on problems with obtaining informed consent from patients and research subjects. This discussion will also consider the potential benefit and harm of having advance information associated with a neurological or psychiatric disease that one may or may not develop.Less
This chapter describes different forms of brain imaging, laying out their design and limitations. It explains the ways brain scans can help to diagnose mental disorders, as well as to monitor the progression of these disorders and the effects of treatment for them. More ethically controversial uses of diagnostic imaging are discussed, including what brain scans might tell us about the neurobiological basis of free will and how they might influence our judgments about moral and legal responsibility. Ethical issues surrounding predictive imaging are then considered, focusing on problems with obtaining informed consent from patients and research subjects. This discussion will also consider the potential benefit and harm of having advance information associated with a neurological or psychiatric disease that one may or may not develop.
William W. Eaton, Pierre Alexandre, O. Joseph Bienvenu, Diana Clarke, Silvia S. Martins, Gerald Nestadt, and Benjamin Zablotsky
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter briefly describes the features of seventeen major mental disorders and summarizes current data on the burden of disease associated with each. Key diagnostic features of six selected ...
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This chapter briefly describes the features of seventeen major mental disorders and summarizes current data on the burden of disease associated with each. Key diagnostic features of six selected disorders are based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This review expands upon the range of mental disorders considered in the Global Burden of Disease study, updates the literature, and provides information on the range and depth of sources of information on burden. To the extent possible, the chapter builds on existing reviews that most often focused on a single disorder. The examination of prevalence for each disorder presents essential summary data, including the number of studies conducted, the median prevalence or relative risk, and the interquartile range.Less
This chapter briefly describes the features of seventeen major mental disorders and summarizes current data on the burden of disease associated with each. Key diagnostic features of six selected disorders are based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This review expands upon the range of mental disorders considered in the Global Burden of Disease study, updates the literature, and provides information on the range and depth of sources of information on burden. To the extent possible, the chapter builds on existing reviews that most often focused on a single disorder. The examination of prevalence for each disorder presents essential summary data, including the number of studies conducted, the median prevalence or relative risk, and the interquartile range.
Peter J. Pecora, Ronald C. Kessler, Jason Williams, A. Chris Downs, Diana J. English, James White, and Kirk O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195175912
- eISBN:
- 9780199865628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175912.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Based on alumni interviews, this chapter reports on the mental and physical health functioning of alumni, thus providing more empirical data about the short-term and long-term functioning of ...
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Based on alumni interviews, this chapter reports on the mental and physical health functioning of alumni, thus providing more empirical data about the short-term and long-term functioning of maltreated youth who were placed in foster care. The primary hypothesis was that alumni would exhibit mental and physical health difficulties that would be more severe than those of the general population.Less
Based on alumni interviews, this chapter reports on the mental and physical health functioning of alumni, thus providing more empirical data about the short-term and long-term functioning of maltreated youth who were placed in foster care. The primary hypothesis was that alumni would exhibit mental and physical health difficulties that would be more severe than those of the general population.
William W. Eaton (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Mental disorders are among the most prevalent sources of disease burden in the world. Increasing recognition of this burden has led to an explosion of scientific research as well as widespread public ...
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Mental disorders are among the most prevalent sources of disease burden in the world. Increasing recognition of this burden has led to an explosion of scientific research as well as widespread public attention. Understanding causes and consequences of mental health and mental disorders from the perspective of public health involves unique methods and concepts from many disciplines, including population-based surveys in a life course framework. Prevention and control of mental disorders involves the design and execution of intervention trials to prevent disorder in individuals who are currently healthy, and to minimize future consequences for those with current disorder or a history of disorder. Interventions of this type are important because good mental health protects against the onset of a variety of mental disorders, as well as being a valued outcome in itself. The complexity of the brain and its relationship to social life requires concepts, methods, and syntheses that are new for epidemiology and public health. This book provides a comprehensive introduction and reference for the public health approach to mental and behavioral disorders, and to the promotion of mental health. It explicates the latest methodologies for studying the occurrence of mental disorders in populations and provides estimates of burden, cultural differences, natural history, and disparities between population subgroups. It includes reviews of genes as sources of risk for mental disorders, the occurrence of stresses and their timing over the life span, and crises and disasters as sources of risk. The book includes chapters on the structure and functioning of the mental health service system in the United States, and around the world, and a comprehensive review of population-based strategies of intervention to lower risk. A final chapter lays out a path for the evolution of public mental health in the future.Less
Mental disorders are among the most prevalent sources of disease burden in the world. Increasing recognition of this burden has led to an explosion of scientific research as well as widespread public attention. Understanding causes and consequences of mental health and mental disorders from the perspective of public health involves unique methods and concepts from many disciplines, including population-based surveys in a life course framework. Prevention and control of mental disorders involves the design and execution of intervention trials to prevent disorder in individuals who are currently healthy, and to minimize future consequences for those with current disorder or a history of disorder. Interventions of this type are important because good mental health protects against the onset of a variety of mental disorders, as well as being a valued outcome in itself. The complexity of the brain and its relationship to social life requires concepts, methods, and syntheses that are new for epidemiology and public health. This book provides a comprehensive introduction and reference for the public health approach to mental and behavioral disorders, and to the promotion of mental health. It explicates the latest methodologies for studying the occurrence of mental disorders in populations and provides estimates of burden, cultural differences, natural history, and disparities between population subgroups. It includes reviews of genes as sources of risk for mental disorders, the occurrence of stresses and their timing over the life span, and crises and disasters as sources of risk. The book includes chapters on the structure and functioning of the mental health service system in the United States, and around the world, and a comprehensive review of population-based strategies of intervention to lower risk. A final chapter lays out a path for the evolution of public mental health in the future.
Tamar Mendelson, Elise T. Pas, Julie A. Leis, Catherine P. Bradshaw, George W. Rebok, and Wallace Mandell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0017
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The field of public health has a long, successful history of health promotion and disease prevention, including efforts relevant to mental health problems. Recent years have been marked by a dramatic ...
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The field of public health has a long, successful history of health promotion and disease prevention, including efforts relevant to mental health problems. Recent years have been marked by a dramatic increase in the development, implementation, and assessment of approaches to prevent the incidence of mental disorders. This chapter examines the rationale for prevention, the theories and methods that inform prevention science, the prevention strategies being employed across developmental stages and at multiple ecological levels, and emerging directions for the prevention field.Less
The field of public health has a long, successful history of health promotion and disease prevention, including efforts relevant to mental health problems. Recent years have been marked by a dramatic increase in the development, implementation, and assessment of approaches to prevent the incidence of mental disorders. This chapter examines the rationale for prevention, the theories and methods that inform prevention science, the prevention strategies being employed across developmental stages and at multiple ecological levels, and emerging directions for the prevention field.
Jennifer Radden (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195149531
- eISBN:
- 9780199870943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149531.003.0031
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter discusses the “official” definition of mental disorders found in the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It defends the DSM definition ...
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This chapter discusses the “official” definition of mental disorders found in the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It defends the DSM definition against criticisms and shows its virtues in contrast to Wakefield's influential alternative definition of mental disorder.Less
This chapter discusses the “official” definition of mental disorders found in the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It defends the DSM definition against criticisms and shows its virtues in contrast to Wakefield's influential alternative definition of mental disorder.
William W. Eaton, Pierre Alexandre, Ronald C. Kessler, Silvia S. Martins, Preben Bo Mortensen, George W. Rebok, Carla L. Storr, and Kimberly Roth
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter estimates rates of incidence of specific disorders and charts them for each sex across the life span, consistent with the life course epidemiological approach, which is highly useful to ...
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This chapter estimates rates of incidence of specific disorders and charts them for each sex across the life span, consistent with the life course epidemiological approach, which is highly useful to psychiatric epidemiology. First, it briefly describes data sources and details the methods used in creating population estimates of mental disorders. It then turns to a discussion of the onsets, courses, and outcomes of mental illnesses, based on data from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study and the National Comorbidity Survey studies.Less
This chapter estimates rates of incidence of specific disorders and charts them for each sex across the life span, consistent with the life course epidemiological approach, which is highly useful to psychiatric epidemiology. First, it briefly describes data sources and details the methods used in creating population estimates of mental disorders. It then turns to a discussion of the onsets, courses, and outcomes of mental illnesses, based on data from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study and the National Comorbidity Survey studies.
William W. Eaton, Ramin Mojtabai, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Jeannie-Marie S. Leoutsakos, and S. Janet Kuramoto
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter deals with the measurement of psychopathology, with an emphasis on population-based life course approaches. Assessment of mental and behavioral disorders is more difficult than ...
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This chapter deals with the measurement of psychopathology, with an emphasis on population-based life course approaches. Assessment of mental and behavioral disorders is more difficult than measurement in many areas of medicine, because of the lack of simple and valid biological markers for the presence of mental and behavioral disorders. In effect, the measurement must always involve talking to individuals or observing their behaviors in ways that can be described to others and replicated by them if necessary, consistent with the scientific method.Less
This chapter deals with the measurement of psychopathology, with an emphasis on population-based life course approaches. Assessment of mental and behavioral disorders is more difficult than measurement in many areas of medicine, because of the lack of simple and valid biological markers for the presence of mental and behavioral disorders. In effect, the measurement must always involve talking to individuals or observing their behaviors in ways that can be described to others and replicated by them if necessary, consistent with the scientific method.
Philip J. Leaf, Laysha Ostrow, Ronald W. Manderscheid, David L. Shern, and William W. Eaton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0018
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter provides an overview of what can be done in the future to address the prevention and control of mental and behavioral disorders. It begins with a description of what has come before, ...
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This chapter provides an overview of what can be done in the future to address the prevention and control of mental and behavioral disorders. It begins with a description of what has come before, examining progress and pitfalls. This is followed by a discussion of the evolution needed to bring about Winslow's vision of mental health care as an integral part of the public health. It examines the growing role of such factors as the social determinants of health; attention to the full spectrum of mental health and illness from prevention through recovery across the life span; the importance of resilience in preventing behavioral problems; the still evolving key role of consumers in treatment and recovery; and the policy changes needed to embrace mental health as an intrinsic part of the public health.Less
This chapter provides an overview of what can be done in the future to address the prevention and control of mental and behavioral disorders. It begins with a description of what has come before, examining progress and pitfalls. This is followed by a discussion of the evolution needed to bring about Winslow's vision of mental health care as an integral part of the public health. It examines the growing role of such factors as the social determinants of health; attention to the full spectrum of mental health and illness from prevention through recovery across the life span; the importance of resilience in preventing behavioral problems; the still evolving key role of consumers in treatment and recovery; and the policy changes needed to embrace mental health as an intrinsic part of the public health.
Jennifer Radden (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195149531
- eISBN:
- 9780199870943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149531.003.0032
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Studies indicate an ongoing “epidemic of psychopathology.” These newly popular pathologies range widely, not just in their incidence but in their presentation: social anxiety disorder, panic ...
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Studies indicate an ongoing “epidemic of psychopathology.” These newly popular pathologies range widely, not just in their incidence but in their presentation: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and attention deficit hyperactivity, to name a few. A number of new conditions have also emerged alongside these commonly accepted disorders—such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and repetitive stress injury—whose very status as mental disorders is hotly disputed. This chapter examines this recent upsurge in mental disorder. It identifies four factors at work: the ascendancy of biomedicine as the dominant way of understanding and explaining psychological distress; the success of biomedicine in treating mental illness; the growth of support and advocacy groups; and the commercial availability of medications.Less
Studies indicate an ongoing “epidemic of psychopathology.” These newly popular pathologies range widely, not just in their incidence but in their presentation: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and attention deficit hyperactivity, to name a few. A number of new conditions have also emerged alongside these commonly accepted disorders—such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and repetitive stress injury—whose very status as mental disorders is hotly disputed. This chapter examines this recent upsurge in mental disorder. It identifies four factors at work: the ascendancy of biomedicine as the dominant way of understanding and explaining psychological distress; the success of biomedicine in treating mental illness; the growth of support and advocacy groups; and the commercial availability of medications.
Judith K. Bass, William W. Eaton, Sharon Abramowitz, and Norman Sartorius
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0003
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter begins with a definition of culture that is useful in exploring the issue of global mental health, followed by a delineation of approaches to clarify the interrelationship of culture and ...
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This chapter begins with a definition of culture that is useful in exploring the issue of global mental health, followed by a delineation of approaches to clarify the interrelationship of culture and mental health. The chapter then examines current knowledge of mental disorders in low-resource contexts using approaches from anthropology (the culture-bound approach) and epidemiology (the cross-cultural or transnational approach). This is followed by discussion of both social behaviors and functionality, issues associated with mental health that are affected by the culture in which a person lives. What follows is an exploration of risk and resiliency factors, including an examination of the difficulty inherent in differentiating between culture-specific vulnerabilities and vulnerabilities associated more generally with the effects of poverty in a low-resource environment. Finally, the chapter delineates how culture and context can influence the selection and adaptation of behavioral interventions and treatments.Less
This chapter begins with a definition of culture that is useful in exploring the issue of global mental health, followed by a delineation of approaches to clarify the interrelationship of culture and mental health. The chapter then examines current knowledge of mental disorders in low-resource contexts using approaches from anthropology (the culture-bound approach) and epidemiology (the cross-cultural or transnational approach). This is followed by discussion of both social behaviors and functionality, issues associated with mental health that are affected by the culture in which a person lives. What follows is an exploration of risk and resiliency factors, including an examination of the difficulty inherent in differentiating between culture-specific vulnerabilities and vulnerabilities associated more generally with the effects of poverty in a low-resource environment. Finally, the chapter delineates how culture and context can influence the selection and adaptation of behavioral interventions and treatments.
Elizabeth A. Stuart, Jeannie-Marie S. Leoutsakos, Alden L. Gross, S. Janet Kuramoto, and William W. Eaton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter provides a brief introduction to some of the epidemiologic and statistical methods for and challenges to gathering and analyzing the data that underlie the research presented in this ...
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This chapter provides a brief introduction to some of the epidemiologic and statistical methods for and challenges to gathering and analyzing the data that underlie the research presented in this volume and in the field of public mental health as a whole. It focuses on some of the data and methodological complexities particularly common in public mental health research. It explores three fundamental types of questions relevant to public mental health: estimating rates of disorders in a population across people, place, and time; examining risk and protective factors associated with particular disorders; and exploring interventions to prevent disorders or to treat them once they emerge.Less
This chapter provides a brief introduction to some of the epidemiologic and statistical methods for and challenges to gathering and analyzing the data that underlie the research presented in this volume and in the field of public mental health as a whole. It focuses on some of the data and methodological complexities particularly common in public mental health research. It explores three fundamental types of questions relevant to public mental health: estimating rates of disorders in a population across people, place, and time; examining risk and protective factors associated with particular disorders; and exploring interventions to prevent disorders or to treat them once they emerge.
Jennifer Radden (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195149531
- eISBN:
- 9780199870943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149531.003.0029
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter analyzes the metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics of the social construction of mental disorder. It argues that there is no reason to suppose that a socially constructed mental disorder ...
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This chapter analyzes the metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics of the social construction of mental disorder. It argues that there is no reason to suppose that a socially constructed mental disorder is easier to change than a naturally constituted mental disorder; and until one considers the situation-specific alternatives, there is no reason to suppose that change is even desirable. There is, however, reason to think that believing that a mental disorder is socially constructed will tend to elicit more imaginative and more responsible responses from us and that it will make us less inclined to seek consensus.Less
This chapter analyzes the metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics of the social construction of mental disorder. It argues that there is no reason to suppose that a socially constructed mental disorder is easier to change than a naturally constituted mental disorder; and until one considers the situation-specific alternatives, there is no reason to suppose that change is even desirable. There is, however, reason to think that believing that a mental disorder is socially constructed will tend to elicit more imaginative and more responsible responses from us and that it will make us less inclined to seek consensus.
Michelle C. Carlson, Dana Eldreth, Yi-Fang Chuang, and William W. Eaton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0009
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter considers the relationship of disorders to brain function. It begins by defining executive functions and their importance to prosocial behavior and independent functioning. It then ...
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This chapter considers the relationship of disorders to brain function. It begins by defining executive functions and their importance to prosocial behavior and independent functioning. It then describes how these functions develop concomitantly with prefrontal brain growth through childhood and adolescence and decline in late life. Next it reviews specific mental disorders that arise during these developmental windows and the executive dysfunctions common to those disorders. The disorders considered include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and possibly Alzheimer's disease. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of imaging and biomarkers, methods that will continue to elucidate brain-behavior relationships and so aid early detection, prognosis, and treatment.Less
This chapter considers the relationship of disorders to brain function. It begins by defining executive functions and their importance to prosocial behavior and independent functioning. It then describes how these functions develop concomitantly with prefrontal brain growth through childhood and adolescence and decline in late life. Next it reviews specific mental disorders that arise during these developmental windows and the executive dysfunctions common to those disorders. The disorders considered include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and possibly Alzheimer's disease. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of imaging and biomarkers, methods that will continue to elucidate brain-behavior relationships and so aid early detection, prognosis, and treatment.
Ezra Susser, Sharon Schwartz, Alfredo Morabia, and Evelyn J. Bromet
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195101812
- eISBN:
- 9780199864096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195101812.003.01
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter traces the roots of psychiatric epidemiology in medical sociology and the emergence of the community survey as its predominant research design, especially in the United States. It also ...
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This chapter traces the roots of psychiatric epidemiology in medical sociology and the emergence of the community survey as its predominant research design, especially in the United States. It also follows the steps taken in psychiatric epidemiology to document the burden of disease due to mental disorders. Over a fifty-year period, psychiatric morbidity surveys have brought remarkable advances in knowledge. Ultimately, these studies helped to fulfill an overarching mission of psychiatric epidemiology: to bring about the recognition of mental disorders in public health.Less
This chapter traces the roots of psychiatric epidemiology in medical sociology and the emergence of the community survey as its predominant research design, especially in the United States. It also follows the steps taken in psychiatric epidemiology to document the burden of disease due to mental disorders. Over a fifty-year period, psychiatric morbidity surveys have brought remarkable advances in knowledge. Ultimately, these studies helped to fulfill an overarching mission of psychiatric epidemiology: to bring about the recognition of mental disorders in public health.
Stephen P. Hinshaw
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195310122
- eISBN:
- 9780199865284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310122.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Children and Families
One of the greatest challenges that parents confront in raising children involves monitoring their health and managing to obtain the proper treatment when needed. Yet many parents are unable to ...
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One of the greatest challenges that parents confront in raising children involves monitoring their health and managing to obtain the proper treatment when needed. Yet many parents are unable to evaluate the diagnostic procedures and treatment their children receive, particularly for certain types of problems as, for example, childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Over the last decade, the increasing detection of ADHD has evoked considerable controversy. Analyzing what is known about the cause, effects, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, this chapter brings to light the pitfalls of misdiagnosis, the need to recognize the bidirectional processes between parent and child that shape the developmental manifestation of ADHD, and the scientific and political deliberations surrounding medication and psychosocial treatment. Among the policies to advance effective care, the chapter suggests not only a more rigorous reporting of negative as well as positive data on ADHD medications from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but the creation of a Federal Psychosocial and Psychotherapeutic Treatment Administration, which would monitor evidenced-based psychosocial interventions for children in the same way that the FDA evaluates pharmacologic treatment.Less
One of the greatest challenges that parents confront in raising children involves monitoring their health and managing to obtain the proper treatment when needed. Yet many parents are unable to evaluate the diagnostic procedures and treatment their children receive, particularly for certain types of problems as, for example, childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Over the last decade, the increasing detection of ADHD has evoked considerable controversy. Analyzing what is known about the cause, effects, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, this chapter brings to light the pitfalls of misdiagnosis, the need to recognize the bidirectional processes between parent and child that shape the developmental manifestation of ADHD, and the scientific and political deliberations surrounding medication and psychosocial treatment. Among the policies to advance effective care, the chapter suggests not only a more rigorous reporting of negative as well as positive data on ADHD medications from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but the creation of a Federal Psychosocial and Psychotherapeutic Treatment Administration, which would monitor evidenced-based psychosocial interventions for children in the same way that the FDA evaluates pharmacologic treatment.
