Jon M. Robertson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199212606
- eISBN:
- 9780191707360
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212606.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter analyses Eusebius of Caesarea's understanding of the radical transcendence of God the Father, which influenced his view of the Word as an intervening mediator between the Father and the ...
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This chapter analyses Eusebius of Caesarea's understanding of the radical transcendence of God the Father, which influenced his view of the Word as an intervening mediator between the Father and the created world. It argues that his concept of mediation is necessarily a ‘deictic’ one, i.e., one in which the mediator — while similar to that which it images — is not to be identified with it in any fundamental way. This is particularly evident in his presentation of ‘image’ theology. He favoured the illustration of image for the Father/Son relationship because he felt it pictured their similarity and non-identity, as well as described the eternal soteriological function of the Son in mediating knowledge of the Father. His comprehension of the Incarnation was that it reflected, at a new but not qualitatively different level, the ongoing mediating function of the Word.Less
This chapter analyses Eusebius of Caesarea's understanding of the radical transcendence of God the Father, which influenced his view of the Word as an intervening mediator between the Father and the created world. It argues that his concept of mediation is necessarily a ‘deictic’ one, i.e., one in which the mediator — while similar to that which it images — is not to be identified with it in any fundamental way. This is particularly evident in his presentation of ‘image’ theology. He favoured the illustration of image for the Father/Son relationship because he felt it pictured their similarity and non-identity, as well as described the eternal soteriological function of the Son in mediating knowledge of the Father. His comprehension of the Incarnation was that it reflected, at a new but not qualitatively different level, the ongoing mediating function of the Word.
Sophia Dawkins
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266953
- eISBN:
- 9780191938191
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266953.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
When civil war swept South Sudan in December 2013, mediators and political elites embarked on an eighteen-month peace process. This produced seven agreements signed and broken as belligerents ...
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When civil war swept South Sudan in December 2013, mediators and political elites embarked on an eighteen-month peace process. This produced seven agreements signed and broken as belligerents targeted civilians. The final accord crumbled as violence escalated within the year. This chapter asks: Why negotiate and why mediate when talks beget slaughter? When belligerents seem uncommitted to a negotiated settlement, under what conditions do conflict parties and mediators retain a mutual interest in turning up at the peace table? The chapter sets the dynamics of elite negotiation against realities on the ground, piecing together civilian experiences from fatality counts and human rights reports. It uses these data to evaluate three theories about why mediators and negotiators kept South Sudan’s talks afloat: peace processes offer access to money, power and status; peace processes sustain neo-patrimonial bargaining; and peace processes empower stakeholders to condition each other’s commitments – for better or for worse.Less
When civil war swept South Sudan in December 2013, mediators and political elites embarked on an eighteen-month peace process. This produced seven agreements signed and broken as belligerents targeted civilians. The final accord crumbled as violence escalated within the year. This chapter asks: Why negotiate and why mediate when talks beget slaughter? When belligerents seem uncommitted to a negotiated settlement, under what conditions do conflict parties and mediators retain a mutual interest in turning up at the peace table? The chapter sets the dynamics of elite negotiation against realities on the ground, piecing together civilian experiences from fatality counts and human rights reports. It uses these data to evaluate three theories about why mediators and negotiators kept South Sudan’s talks afloat: peace processes offer access to money, power and status; peace processes sustain neo-patrimonial bargaining; and peace processes empower stakeholders to condition each other’s commitments – for better or for worse.
Aly Verjee
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266953
- eISBN:
- 9780191938191
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266953.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
Both contemporary and retrospective analyses of the 2013-15 regionally-led Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) mediation for South Sudan tend to overlook or oversimplify the multiple, ...
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Both contemporary and retrospective analyses of the 2013-15 regionally-led Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) mediation for South Sudan tend to overlook or oversimplify the multiple, overlapping, and competing conceptions of peace as held by the mediators who led the process until they stepped down after a peace deal was signed in August 2015. Far from an undifferentiated, homogenous entity, the mediation comprised multiple institutions, states, and officials, each with different values, goals, and understandings of peace, which also varied over time. This article identifies six conceptions of peace as held by the mediators, to help explain why the mediators were motivated and acted as they did. Such understandings and conceptions were often contradictory. To fully assess the 2013-15 process’s effectiveness such understandings can unpeel the layers of IGAD’s differentiated institutional structure and can supplement and better contextualise common critiques about the poor execution and implementation of mediation strategy, internecine regional politics, and a generalised lack of political will to resolve the conflict.Less
Both contemporary and retrospective analyses of the 2013-15 regionally-led Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) mediation for South Sudan tend to overlook or oversimplify the multiple, overlapping, and competing conceptions of peace as held by the mediators who led the process until they stepped down after a peace deal was signed in August 2015. Far from an undifferentiated, homogenous entity, the mediation comprised multiple institutions, states, and officials, each with different values, goals, and understandings of peace, which also varied over time. This article identifies six conceptions of peace as held by the mediators, to help explain why the mediators were motivated and acted as they did. Such understandings and conceptions were often contradictory. To fully assess the 2013-15 process’s effectiveness such understandings can unpeel the layers of IGAD’s differentiated institutional structure and can supplement and better contextualise common critiques about the poor execution and implementation of mediation strategy, internecine regional politics, and a generalised lack of political will to resolve the conflict.
Barbara Czarniawska and Jan Mouritsen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546350
- eISBN:
- 9780191720048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546350.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
The recent rapprochement between management studies and studies of science and technology recreated an interest in management studies. This chapter presents examples showing that the role of things ...
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The recent rapprochement between management studies and studies of science and technology recreated an interest in management studies. This chapter presents examples showing that the role of things in management is complex. Managers try to defend themselves from the insubordination of technical and material things, and they spend much time applying quasi-objects such as managerial technologies to mediate the fate of technical or material objects. Much effort is also dedicated to turning people into objects, which permits the use of procedures of insulation and control on them. The chapter concludes that in exercising management, managers avoid certain material objects but make use of quasi-objects such as accounting systems and management technologies in order to make the world (i.e. organization, public agency, or firm) more interventionable or manageable, and yet they also create new uncertainties in the process.Less
The recent rapprochement between management studies and studies of science and technology recreated an interest in management studies. This chapter presents examples showing that the role of things in management is complex. Managers try to defend themselves from the insubordination of technical and material things, and they spend much time applying quasi-objects such as managerial technologies to mediate the fate of technical or material objects. Much effort is also dedicated to turning people into objects, which permits the use of procedures of insulation and control on them. The chapter concludes that in exercising management, managers avoid certain material objects but make use of quasi-objects such as accounting systems and management technologies in order to make the world (i.e. organization, public agency, or firm) more interventionable or manageable, and yet they also create new uncertainties in the process.
Gerald O'Collins and Michael Keenan Jones
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199576456
- eISBN:
- 9780191723032
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576456.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
In his version of Christ's redeeming priesthood, Aquinas adopted and modified Anselm's theory of redemption as ‘satisfaction’. Unlike Anselm, Aquinas saw Christ's function as mediator between God and ...
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In his version of Christ's redeeming priesthood, Aquinas adopted and modified Anselm's theory of redemption as ‘satisfaction’. Unlike Anselm, Aquinas saw Christ's function as mediator between God and human beings being exercised as priest, prophet, and king. The meritorious sacrifice of Christ was accepted by God as being inspired by love. Like Origen, Chrysostom, Luther, and Calvin, Aquinas wrote a work on the Letter to the Hebrews; in that commentary he remarked: ‘only Christ is the true priest, the others being only his ministers’ (8. 4). In his Summa Theologiae Aquinas dedicates one ‘question’ of six ‘articles’ to ‘the principal act of priestly office’, the sacrifice in which Christ was both priest and victim and efficaciously expiated human sin. Aquinas's account of Christ's priesthood is filled out by what he wrote about Christ as mediator (one question of two articles), about the sacraments, and about the ascension, as well as in the liturgical texts that he composed for the Feast of Corpus Christi (instituted in 1264). For Aquinas the sacramental life of believers derives from Christ's priesthood and passion. In the celebration of the Eucharist and administration of the other sacraments, Christ the priest is always the principal, albeit invisible, agent.Less
In his version of Christ's redeeming priesthood, Aquinas adopted and modified Anselm's theory of redemption as ‘satisfaction’. Unlike Anselm, Aquinas saw Christ's function as mediator between God and human beings being exercised as priest, prophet, and king. The meritorious sacrifice of Christ was accepted by God as being inspired by love. Like Origen, Chrysostom, Luther, and Calvin, Aquinas wrote a work on the Letter to the Hebrews; in that commentary he remarked: ‘only Christ is the true priest, the others being only his ministers’ (8. 4). In his Summa Theologiae Aquinas dedicates one ‘question’ of six ‘articles’ to ‘the principal act of priestly office’, the sacrifice in which Christ was both priest and victim and efficaciously expiated human sin. Aquinas's account of Christ's priesthood is filled out by what he wrote about Christ as mediator (one question of two articles), about the sacraments, and about the ascension, as well as in the liturgical texts that he composed for the Feast of Corpus Christi (instituted in 1264). For Aquinas the sacramental life of believers derives from Christ's priesthood and passion. In the celebration of the Eucharist and administration of the other sacraments, Christ the priest is always the principal, albeit invisible, agent.
Nancy Rothwell and Sarah Loddick (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198509806
- eISBN:
- 9780191724596
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509806.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This new edition covers advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms ...
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This new edition covers advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms involved to intervene in, and arrest, neurodegenerative disease processes. This book covers developmental aspects of immune/inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS), basic aspects of glial function, as well as inflammatory mediators, their mechanisms of action, clinical importance, and sites of infection. There is also coverage of the major diseases of the CNS, including stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Throughout, the focus is on the underlying basic neuroscience, clinical relevance, and the potential for therapeutic interventions. The book will be useful for improving the diagnosis of neuroimmune diseases and determining therapeutic measures.Less
This new edition covers advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms involved to intervene in, and arrest, neurodegenerative disease processes. This book covers developmental aspects of immune/inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS), basic aspects of glial function, as well as inflammatory mediators, their mechanisms of action, clinical importance, and sites of infection. There is also coverage of the major diseases of the CNS, including stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Throughout, the focus is on the underlying basic neuroscience, clinical relevance, and the potential for therapeutic interventions. The book will be useful for improving the diagnosis of neuroimmune diseases and determining therapeutic measures.
Thomas B. Dozeman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195367331
- eISBN:
- 9780199867417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367331.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The theology of holiness in the priestly literature is described in order to interpret the ordination to sacramental ritual as modeled by Moses. The research of J. Milgrom on holiness as a ritual ...
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The theology of holiness in the priestly literature is described in order to interpret the ordination to sacramental ritual as modeled by Moses. The research of J. Milgrom on holiness as a ritual resource will guide the study of Moses. The chapter includes an interpretation of the literary structure, the view of divine transcendence, and the way in which holiness invades the profane world through the sacramental fire of the glory of Yahweh in the priestly literature, as well as the influence of the priestly view of Moses in the New Testament literature.Less
The theology of holiness in the priestly literature is described in order to interpret the ordination to sacramental ritual as modeled by Moses. The research of J. Milgrom on holiness as a ritual resource will guide the study of Moses. The chapter includes an interpretation of the literary structure, the view of divine transcendence, and the way in which holiness invades the profane world through the sacramental fire of the glory of Yahweh in the priestly literature, as well as the influence of the priestly view of Moses in the New Testament literature.
Phyllis Solomon, Mary M. Cavanaugh, and Jeffrey Draine
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195333190
- eISBN:
- 9780199864317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333190.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Chapter 4 reviews the central role of conceptual frameworks in RCTs. The purpose of the conceptual framework in an RCT is to provide a system of ideas for understanding how an intervention is ...
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Chapter 4 reviews the central role of conceptual frameworks in RCTs. The purpose of the conceptual framework in an RCT is to provide a system of ideas for understanding how an intervention is believed to lead to the outcomes. The conceptual framework defines the potential effectiveness of the intervention in terms of activities that are thought to produce change, in what context, and toward what outcome. Theory provides guidance in shaping hypotheses and formulating research questions. Theories may help define mediator and/or moderator effects among concepts, and can enrich the contribution of RCT research to social science. Overall, the rigor and strength of any empirical research is based on the quality of the conceptual framework and its applicability to the service setting.Less
Chapter 4 reviews the central role of conceptual frameworks in RCTs. The purpose of the conceptual framework in an RCT is to provide a system of ideas for understanding how an intervention is believed to lead to the outcomes. The conceptual framework defines the potential effectiveness of the intervention in terms of activities that are thought to produce change, in what context, and toward what outcome. Theory provides guidance in shaping hypotheses and formulating research questions. Theories may help define mediator and/or moderator effects among concepts, and can enrich the contribution of RCT research to social science. Overall, the rigor and strength of any empirical research is based on the quality of the conceptual framework and its applicability to the service setting.
David P. Farrington and Brandon C. Welsh
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195304091
- eISBN:
- 9780199944071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304091.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter provides definitions of risk factors and protective factors against delinquency and later offending and discusses some key issues arising in risk factor research, particularly regarding ...
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This chapter provides definitions of risk factors and protective factors against delinquency and later offending and discusses some key issues arising in risk factor research, particularly regarding the meaning of mediators and moderators and the problem of establishing causes. It explains that risk factors predict an increased probability of later offending while protective factors either predict a decreased probability of later offending or tend to nullify the effects of risk factors in interaction with them. It highlights the importance of identifying the risk factors that have causal effect, using either experimental or quasi-experimental analyses.Less
This chapter provides definitions of risk factors and protective factors against delinquency and later offending and discusses some key issues arising in risk factor research, particularly regarding the meaning of mediators and moderators and the problem of establishing causes. It explains that risk factors predict an increased probability of later offending while protective factors either predict a decreased probability of later offending or tend to nullify the effects of risk factors in interaction with them. It highlights the importance of identifying the risk factors that have causal effect, using either experimental or quasi-experimental analyses.
Ann Jefferson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691160658
- eISBN:
- 9781400852598
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691160658.003.0012
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter studies Balzac's Louis Lambert (1832), in which the character of Lambert is a (possibly) mentally ill genius who retreats into a world to which only his erstwhile fiancée has access. ...
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This chapter studies Balzac's Louis Lambert (1832), in which the character of Lambert is a (possibly) mentally ill genius who retreats into a world to which only his erstwhile fiancée has access. Through his writings Balzac attempts to examine and portray a certain topic on the matter of geniuses: the essential role played by women in their survival. Louis Lambert ends with the destruction of the main character, a male genius who nonetheless exemplifies all Balzac's own ideas about genius, and is also its most complete and elaborate theorist. Once again, fiction's interest in its failure may reveal more about genius than success. And that failure is also accompanied—still with considerable ambiguity—by the female presence that Balzac argued also deserved recognition as the essential helpmeet of genius.Less
This chapter studies Balzac's Louis Lambert (1832), in which the character of Lambert is a (possibly) mentally ill genius who retreats into a world to which only his erstwhile fiancée has access. Through his writings Balzac attempts to examine and portray a certain topic on the matter of geniuses: the essential role played by women in their survival. Louis Lambert ends with the destruction of the main character, a male genius who nonetheless exemplifies all Balzac's own ideas about genius, and is also its most complete and elaborate theorist. Once again, fiction's interest in its failure may reveal more about genius than success. And that failure is also accompanied—still with considerable ambiguity—by the female presence that Balzac argued also deserved recognition as the essential helpmeet of genius.
Daniel A. Keating
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199267132
- eISBN:
- 9780191602092
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267138.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Aims to investigate what Cyril means by the phrase, ‘partakers of the divine nature’ (2 Pet. 1:4), in the hope that this will provide us with a key for unlocking his understanding of the extent and ...
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Aims to investigate what Cyril means by the phrase, ‘partakers of the divine nature’ (2 Pet. 1:4), in the hope that this will provide us with a key for unlocking his understanding of the extent and limit of our kinship with God and its relation to Christ’s unique sonship. Does Cyril’s account of our participation in the divine nature threaten to blur the distinction between the Creator and creation, between things divine and things human? Focusses especially on the concept of participation in Cyril and concludes that Cyril presents us with a rather complex christology in which the incarnate Christ, as genuinely occupying the common frontier of humanity and divinity, in one sense is, and in another sense is not, the pattern for our participation in the divine life.Less
Aims to investigate what Cyril means by the phrase, ‘partakers of the divine nature’ (2 Pet. 1:4), in the hope that this will provide us with a key for unlocking his understanding of the extent and limit of our kinship with God and its relation to Christ’s unique sonship. Does Cyril’s account of our participation in the divine nature threaten to blur the distinction between the Creator and creation, between things divine and things human? Focusses especially on the concept of participation in Cyril and concludes that Cyril presents us with a rather complex christology in which the incarnate Christ, as genuinely occupying the common frontier of humanity and divinity, in one sense is, and in another sense is not, the pattern for our participation in the divine life.
Patrick Parkinson and Judy Cashmore
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199237791
- eISBN:
- 9780191717222
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237791.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter compares the views of the professionals involved in family law disputes: the mediators, counsellors, lawyers, and judges. These professionals play an important role as advisers, ...
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This chapter compares the views of the professionals involved in family law disputes: the mediators, counsellors, lawyers, and judges. These professionals play an important role as advisers, gatekeepers, and adjudicators. The advice of counsellors and lawyers may play an important role in how parents see the views of children and the participation of children. Counsellors in the courts who write family reports and lawyers who represent children in the most highly contested disputes also provide two of the more influential means of presenting children's views to the court, or not, depending on the role they play.Less
This chapter compares the views of the professionals involved in family law disputes: the mediators, counsellors, lawyers, and judges. These professionals play an important role as advisers, gatekeepers, and adjudicators. The advice of counsellors and lawyers may play an important role in how parents see the views of children and the participation of children. Counsellors in the courts who write family reports and lawyers who represent children in the most highly contested disputes also provide two of the more influential means of presenting children's views to the court, or not, depending on the role they play.
Juliette Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199572137
- eISBN:
- 9780191722967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572137.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The introduction notes that the enduring disdain expressed towards Victorian biography is predominantly based on the mistaken belief that nineteenth-century life‐writers were only concerned with ...
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The introduction notes that the enduring disdain expressed towards Victorian biography is predominantly based on the mistaken belief that nineteenth-century life‐writers were only concerned with ‘Great Men’. After having set the boundaries for this study of Victorian biographies of ‘hidden’ men and women and outlined the different trends in recent biographical scholarship, the introduction makes a claim for the importance of this understudied biographical fashion. A rapid overview of each chapter of the book reveals three key themes: Victorian biographers' distrust of the public and its capacity to assess worth, the attempt by biographers to use their position as mediators between unknown subjects and their readers to demonstrate their cultural importance, and, finally, the idea that biographers were less concerned in conferring immortality on their ‘hidden’ subjects than in stimulating a sense of gratitude among their readers for the hidden labour that sustained the nation.Less
The introduction notes that the enduring disdain expressed towards Victorian biography is predominantly based on the mistaken belief that nineteenth-century life‐writers were only concerned with ‘Great Men’. After having set the boundaries for this study of Victorian biographies of ‘hidden’ men and women and outlined the different trends in recent biographical scholarship, the introduction makes a claim for the importance of this understudied biographical fashion. A rapid overview of each chapter of the book reveals three key themes: Victorian biographers' distrust of the public and its capacity to assess worth, the attempt by biographers to use their position as mediators between unknown subjects and their readers to demonstrate their cultural importance, and, finally, the idea that biographers were less concerned in conferring immortality on their ‘hidden’ subjects than in stimulating a sense of gratitude among their readers for the hidden labour that sustained the nation.
David Clark
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199654307
- eISBN:
- 9780191742071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654307.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
The final chapter returns to the issues of revenge and its relation to femininity with which we started in Chapter 1, but now in relation to the women of the contemporary sagas. It evaluates the ...
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The final chapter returns to the issues of revenge and its relation to femininity with which we started in Chapter 1, but now in relation to the women of the contemporary sagas. It evaluates the contemporary saga writers’ attitudes to women and their perception of the role of women in the conflicts of the Sturlung Age. It shows that misogynistic tropes such as the scapegoating of women for the results of men's violent actions, and negative images possibly resting on religious constructions of women as irrational and corporeal, or even abject, are employed in Sturlunga saga. However, the picture is not a uniform one, and in several texts in the compilation one finds women acting as mediators or ‘anti-inciters’ who attempt to dissuade men from revenge and destructive acts.Less
The final chapter returns to the issues of revenge and its relation to femininity with which we started in Chapter 1, but now in relation to the women of the contemporary sagas. It evaluates the contemporary saga writers’ attitudes to women and their perception of the role of women in the conflicts of the Sturlung Age. It shows that misogynistic tropes such as the scapegoating of women for the results of men's violent actions, and negative images possibly resting on religious constructions of women as irrational and corporeal, or even abject, are employed in Sturlunga saga. However, the picture is not a uniform one, and in several texts in the compilation one finds women acting as mediators or ‘anti-inciters’ who attempt to dissuade men from revenge and destructive acts.
Ezra Susser, Sharon Schwartz, Alfredo Morabia, and Evelyn J. Bromet
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195101812
- eISBN:
- 9780199864096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195101812.003.12
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
The first part of this chapter discusses the conditions under which a factor can confound the association between exposure and disease, and the conditions under which this cannot occur. It also ...
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The first part of this chapter discusses the conditions under which a factor can confound the association between exposure and disease, and the conditions under which this cannot occur. It also differentiates confounders from antecedents or mediators. The next part discusses methods devised to neutralize the effects of confounders. Two standard methods are presented: matching to prevent confounding in the data by equalizing the exposed and the unexposed on a potential confounder, and statistical adjustment to compensate for confounding in the data by separating the effects of the exposure from the effects of the confounder.Less
The first part of this chapter discusses the conditions under which a factor can confound the association between exposure and disease, and the conditions under which this cannot occur. It also differentiates confounders from antecedents or mediators. The next part discusses methods devised to neutralize the effects of confounders. Two standard methods are presented: matching to prevent confounding in the data by equalizing the exposed and the unexposed on a potential confounder, and statistical adjustment to compensate for confounding in the data by separating the effects of the exposure from the effects of the confounder.
Michael W. Miller, Maria B. Bruns, and Paula L. Hoffman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195183139
- eISBN:
- 9780199865147
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183139.003.0015
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development
This chapter discusses the effects of ethanol on the incidence of neuronal death and the extracellular mediators that define this death. Ethanol-induced neuronal death occurs during defined periods ...
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This chapter discusses the effects of ethanol on the incidence of neuronal death and the extracellular mediators that define this death. Ethanol-induced neuronal death occurs during defined periods of the developmental time line. These time periods coincide with those of neuronogenesis and primary synaptogenesis, which are periods of naturally occurring neuronal death (NOND). Exposure of ethanol at this time may exacerbate processes involved in NOND.Less
This chapter discusses the effects of ethanol on the incidence of neuronal death and the extracellular mediators that define this death. Ethanol-induced neuronal death occurs during defined periods of the developmental time line. These time periods coincide with those of neuronogenesis and primary synaptogenesis, which are periods of naturally occurring neuronal death (NOND). Exposure of ethanol at this time may exacerbate processes involved in NOND.
Eva Storskrubb
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199533176
- eISBN:
- 9780191714504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199533176.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This chapter analyses the legislative history, main substantive content, and normative implications of the Commission Green Paper on the Code of Conduct and the proposed Directive all relating to ...
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This chapter analyses the legislative history, main substantive content, and normative implications of the Commission Green Paper on the Code of Conduct and the proposed Directive all relating to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The Commission Green Paper actualised several regulatory questions in relation to legislating ADR on the EU level that are examined in the chapter. The Code of Conduct is a self-regulatory measure of stakeholders supported by the Commission. The principles to which mediators and mediation institutions can voluntarily commit are presented. Finally, the proposed ADR Directive is outlined, including issues such as confidentiality of mediation, limitation periods, and court sponsorship of mediation. The chapter concludes by finding that the measures are tentative steps that raise difficult regulatory choices, among which is the cross-border definition, and that the initiatives, although welcome, potentially raise tensions with procedural guarantees.Less
This chapter analyses the legislative history, main substantive content, and normative implications of the Commission Green Paper on the Code of Conduct and the proposed Directive all relating to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The Commission Green Paper actualised several regulatory questions in relation to legislating ADR on the EU level that are examined in the chapter. The Code of Conduct is a self-regulatory measure of stakeholders supported by the Commission. The principles to which mediators and mediation institutions can voluntarily commit are presented. Finally, the proposed ADR Directive is outlined, including issues such as confidentiality of mediation, limitation periods, and court sponsorship of mediation. The chapter concludes by finding that the measures are tentative steps that raise difficult regulatory choices, among which is the cross-border definition, and that the initiatives, although welcome, potentially raise tensions with procedural guarantees.
Tony Walter
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199546695
- eISBN:
- 9780191730214
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546695.003.0010
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter discusses the production of narrative accounts and stories from professionals who are working outside of the framework of traditional professional–patient relationships. The chapter ...
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This chapter discusses the production of narrative accounts and stories from professionals who are working outside of the framework of traditional professional–patient relationships. The chapter gives a description of how certain professionals, such as clergy and pathologists, work with ‘private’ information about the person who has died and how they use that information to produce stories that become a part of a more public story and record. This chapter is able to demonstrate how mediator deathwork can be an important part of the care of bereaved people, and it states that it requires more attention and recognition.Less
This chapter discusses the production of narrative accounts and stories from professionals who are working outside of the framework of traditional professional–patient relationships. The chapter gives a description of how certain professionals, such as clergy and pathologists, work with ‘private’ information about the person who has died and how they use that information to produce stories that become a part of a more public story and record. This chapter is able to demonstrate how mediator deathwork can be an important part of the care of bereaved people, and it states that it requires more attention and recognition.
Morgan Brigg and Roland Bleiker (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824834593
- eISBN:
- 9780824871697
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824834593.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This book is based on a fundamental premise: to deal adequately with conflict — and particularly with conflict stemming from cultural and other differences — requires genuine openness to different ...
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This book is based on a fundamental premise: to deal adequately with conflict — and particularly with conflict stemming from cultural and other differences — requires genuine openness to different cultural practices and dialogue between different ways of knowing and being. Equally essential is a shift away from understanding cultural difference as an inevitable source of conflict, and the development of a more critical attitude toward previously under-examined Western assumptions about conflict and its resolution. To address the ensuing challenges, this book introduces and explores some of the rich insights into conflict resolution emanating from Asia and Oceania. Although often overlooked, these local traditions offer a range of useful ways of thinking about and dealing with difference and conflict in a globalising world. To bring these traditions into exchange with mainstream Western conflict resolution, the book present the results of collaborative work between experienced scholars and culturally knowledgeable practitioners from numerous parts of Asia and Oceania. The result is a series of interventions that challenge conventional Western notions of conflict resolution and provide academics, policy makers, diplomats, mediators, and local conflict workers with new possibilities to approach, prevent, and resolve conflict.Less
This book is based on a fundamental premise: to deal adequately with conflict — and particularly with conflict stemming from cultural and other differences — requires genuine openness to different cultural practices and dialogue between different ways of knowing and being. Equally essential is a shift away from understanding cultural difference as an inevitable source of conflict, and the development of a more critical attitude toward previously under-examined Western assumptions about conflict and its resolution. To address the ensuing challenges, this book introduces and explores some of the rich insights into conflict resolution emanating from Asia and Oceania. Although often overlooked, these local traditions offer a range of useful ways of thinking about and dealing with difference and conflict in a globalising world. To bring these traditions into exchange with mainstream Western conflict resolution, the book present the results of collaborative work between experienced scholars and culturally knowledgeable practitioners from numerous parts of Asia and Oceania. The result is a series of interventions that challenge conventional Western notions of conflict resolution and provide academics, policy makers, diplomats, mediators, and local conflict workers with new possibilities to approach, prevent, and resolve conflict.
Florence D'Souza
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719090806
- eISBN:
- 9781781708576
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090806.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
James Tod (1782-1835) spent twenty-two years in India (1800-1822), during the last five of which he was Political Agent of the British Government in India to the Western Rajput States in north-west ...
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James Tod (1782-1835) spent twenty-two years in India (1800-1822), during the last five of which he was Political Agent of the British Government in India to the Western Rajput States in north-west India. His book studies Tod’s relationships with particular Rajput leaders and with the Rajputs as a group in general, in order to better understand his attempts to portray their history, geographical moorings and social customs to British and European readers. The book highlights Tod’s apparently numerous motivations in writing on the Rajputs : to bring knowledge about the Rajputs into European circles, to demonstrate that the Rajputs maintained historical records from the early middle ages and were thus not a primitive people without awareness of their own history, and to establish possible ethnic links between the warrior-like Rajputs and the peoples of Europe, as also between the feudal institutions of Rajputana and Europe. Fierce criticisms in Tod’s time of his ethnic and institutional hypotheses about connections between Rajputs and Europeans illustrate that Tod’s texts did not leave his readers indifferent. The approach adopted uses available documents to go beyond a binary opposition between the colonisers and the colonised in India, by focusing on traces of friendly exchanges between Tod and his British colleagues on the one hand, and on the other hand, various members of the kingdoms of western India, with whom they interacted. Under themes like landscape, anthropology, science, Romantic literature, approaches to government policy, and knowledge exchanges in India and in London, this volume analyses Tod’s role as a mediator of knowledge through his travels across a little-known part of the British Empire in the early 19th century.Less
James Tod (1782-1835) spent twenty-two years in India (1800-1822), during the last five of which he was Political Agent of the British Government in India to the Western Rajput States in north-west India. His book studies Tod’s relationships with particular Rajput leaders and with the Rajputs as a group in general, in order to better understand his attempts to portray their history, geographical moorings and social customs to British and European readers. The book highlights Tod’s apparently numerous motivations in writing on the Rajputs : to bring knowledge about the Rajputs into European circles, to demonstrate that the Rajputs maintained historical records from the early middle ages and were thus not a primitive people without awareness of their own history, and to establish possible ethnic links between the warrior-like Rajputs and the peoples of Europe, as also between the feudal institutions of Rajputana and Europe. Fierce criticisms in Tod’s time of his ethnic and institutional hypotheses about connections between Rajputs and Europeans illustrate that Tod’s texts did not leave his readers indifferent. The approach adopted uses available documents to go beyond a binary opposition between the colonisers and the colonised in India, by focusing on traces of friendly exchanges between Tod and his British colleagues on the one hand, and on the other hand, various members of the kingdoms of western India, with whom they interacted. Under themes like landscape, anthropology, science, Romantic literature, approaches to government policy, and knowledge exchanges in India and in London, this volume analyses Tod’s role as a mediator of knowledge through his travels across a little-known part of the British Empire in the early 19th century.
