Thomas Faist
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198293910
- eISBN:
- 9780191685002
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198293910.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
There is a baffling puzzle in international migration: why are there so many few migrants from so many places and so many from only a few places? On the one hand, there is relative immobility — only ...
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There is a baffling puzzle in international migration: why are there so many few migrants from so many places and so many from only a few places? On the one hand, there is relative immobility — only a very small percentage of potential migrants are moving abroad. Most persons migrate domestically, and an even greater share never move considerable distances for extended periods of time at all. And, on the other hand, we can undeniably speak of international chain migration. Once migration processes have started, more and more people move. With these types of cases, a process of chain reaction unfolds which sometimes leads to mass migration, involving a large part of the population in specific regions of an emigration country.Less
There is a baffling puzzle in international migration: why are there so many few migrants from so many places and so many from only a few places? On the one hand, there is relative immobility — only a very small percentage of potential migrants are moving abroad. Most persons migrate domestically, and an even greater share never move considerable distances for extended periods of time at all. And, on the other hand, we can undeniably speak of international chain migration. Once migration processes have started, more and more people move. With these types of cases, a process of chain reaction unfolds which sometimes leads to mass migration, involving a large part of the population in specific regions of an emigration country.
Thomas Faist
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198293910
- eISBN:
- 9780191685002
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198293910.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The greater part of the research on international migration has dealt with the question of why people migrate and, to a lesser extent, the dynamics of migration, such as chain migration in migrant ...
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The greater part of the research on international migration has dealt with the question of why people migrate and, to a lesser extent, the dynamics of migration, such as chain migration in migrant networks. This chapter appraises both micro- and macro-level theories about the volume of international South-North movement. In addition, it considers network of meso-level theories concerning the dynamics of migration. The goal of this chapter is to disclose the unsatisfactory features of existing migration theories regarding the puzzles of relative immobility and mass migration. The analysis is divided into three parts. It first elaborates a familiar and ideal-typical distinction. Second, the literature review moves from micro to macro and macro to micro. The third section helps to identify the theoretical gap in the meso-analysis.Less
The greater part of the research on international migration has dealt with the question of why people migrate and, to a lesser extent, the dynamics of migration, such as chain migration in migrant networks. This chapter appraises both micro- and macro-level theories about the volume of international South-North movement. In addition, it considers network of meso-level theories concerning the dynamics of migration. The goal of this chapter is to disclose the unsatisfactory features of existing migration theories regarding the puzzles of relative immobility and mass migration. The analysis is divided into three parts. It first elaborates a familiar and ideal-typical distinction. Second, the literature review moves from micro to macro and macro to micro. The third section helps to identify the theoretical gap in the meso-analysis.
Enda Delaney
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199276677
- eISBN:
- 9780191707674
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276677.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter sets up the context of departure from Ireland for the migranting Irish and illustrates how migration to Britain became the established route for those who had lost any hope in the ...
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This chapter sets up the context of departure from Ireland for the migranting Irish and illustrates how migration to Britain became the established route for those who had lost any hope in the ability of the independent Irish state to provide jobs and economic security. The massive exodus from Ireland had its roots in the dismal economic environment there that existed up to the early 1960s, and leaving was rationalized as a temporary expedient until things improved at home. Individuals were also responding to changing values and attitudes that emphasized individual wellbeing and personal aspirations. Migrating to Britain allowed for repeated visits home, and thousands regularly travelled back and forth across the Irish Sea, in a pattern more akin to seasonal migration than the finality of a permanent departure.Less
This chapter sets up the context of departure from Ireland for the migranting Irish and illustrates how migration to Britain became the established route for those who had lost any hope in the ability of the independent Irish state to provide jobs and economic security. The massive exodus from Ireland had its roots in the dismal economic environment there that existed up to the early 1960s, and leaving was rationalized as a temporary expedient until things improved at home. Individuals were also responding to changing values and attitudes that emphasized individual wellbeing and personal aspirations. Migrating to Britain allowed for repeated visits home, and thousands regularly travelled back and forth across the Irish Sea, in a pattern more akin to seasonal migration than the finality of a permanent departure.
Gregor Thum
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691140247
- eISBN:
- 9781400839964
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691140247.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter considers how the remapping of Central Europe after the Second World War was radical not so much in terms of changes in national borders, as in the broadscale shifting of settlement ...
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This chapter considers how the remapping of Central Europe after the Second World War was radical not so much in terms of changes in national borders, as in the broadscale shifting of settlement boundaries. The borders had already been altered after the First World War and new countries created upon the ruins of the fallen Central and Eastern European empires. Prolonged mass migrations also ensued at that time. Many people did not want to live in the countries they found themselves in after the political map was redrawn, or they fled growing discrimination against ethnic minorities. After the Second World War, the Allied powers abandoned the principles to which they committed themselves in 1918. They wanted the territory between Germany and the Soviet Union to be made up of homogeneous nation-states that were no longer burdened by the existence of ethnic minorities.Less
This chapter considers how the remapping of Central Europe after the Second World War was radical not so much in terms of changes in national borders, as in the broadscale shifting of settlement boundaries. The borders had already been altered after the First World War and new countries created upon the ruins of the fallen Central and Eastern European empires. Prolonged mass migrations also ensued at that time. Many people did not want to live in the countries they found themselves in after the political map was redrawn, or they fled growing discrimination against ethnic minorities. After the Second World War, the Allied powers abandoned the principles to which they committed themselves in 1918. They wanted the territory between Germany and the Soviet Union to be made up of homogeneous nation-states that were no longer burdened by the existence of ethnic minorities.
Fonna Forman and Veerabhadran Ramanathan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520297128
- eISBN:
- 9780520969629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
With unchecked emissions of pollutants, global warming is projected to increase to 1.50C within 15 years; to 20C within 35 years and 40C by 2100. These projections are central values with a small ...
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With unchecked emissions of pollutants, global warming is projected to increase to 1.50C within 15 years; to 20C within 35 years and 40C by 2100. These projections are central values with a small (<5%) probability that warming by 2100 can exceed 60C with potentially catastrophic impacts on every human being, living and yet unborn. Climate is already changing in perceptible ways through floods, droughts, wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise, displacing communities and catalyzing migration. Climate migration describes the voluntary and forced movement of people within and across habitats due to changes in climate. While estimates vary from 25 million to as many as one billion climate change migrants by 2050, achieving reliable quantitative estimates of future climate migration faces forbidding obstacles due to: 1) a wide range of projected warming due to uncertainties in climate feedbacks; 2) the lack of a settled definition for climate migration; and 3) the causal complexity of migration due to variability in non-environmental factors such as bioregion, culture, economics, politics and individual factors. But waiting for reliable estimates this creates unacceptable ethical risks. Therefore, we advocate a probabilistic approach to climate migration that accounts for both central and low probability warming projections as the only ethical response to the unfolding crisis. We conclude that in the absence of drastic mitigation actions, climate change-induced mass migration can become a major threat during the latter half of this century.Less
With unchecked emissions of pollutants, global warming is projected to increase to 1.50C within 15 years; to 20C within 35 years and 40C by 2100. These projections are central values with a small (<5%) probability that warming by 2100 can exceed 60C with potentially catastrophic impacts on every human being, living and yet unborn. Climate is already changing in perceptible ways through floods, droughts, wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise, displacing communities and catalyzing migration. Climate migration describes the voluntary and forced movement of people within and across habitats due to changes in climate. While estimates vary from 25 million to as many as one billion climate change migrants by 2050, achieving reliable quantitative estimates of future climate migration faces forbidding obstacles due to: 1) a wide range of projected warming due to uncertainties in climate feedbacks; 2) the lack of a settled definition for climate migration; and 3) the causal complexity of migration due to variability in non-environmental factors such as bioregion, culture, economics, politics and individual factors. But waiting for reliable estimates this creates unacceptable ethical risks. Therefore, we advocate a probabilistic approach to climate migration that accounts for both central and low probability warming projections as the only ethical response to the unfolding crisis. We conclude that in the absence of drastic mitigation actions, climate change-induced mass migration can become a major threat during the latter half of this century.
Barry R. Chiswick and Timothy J. Hatton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226065984
- eISBN:
- 9780226065991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226065991.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter illustrates that the globalization of world markets has been of prime economic importance in two key eras: the age of mass migration, which rose to a crescendo between 1850 and 1913; and ...
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This chapter illustrates that the globalization of world markets has been of prime economic importance in two key eras: the age of mass migration, which rose to a crescendo between 1850 and 1913; and the era of “constrained” mass migration of the last fifty years. The focus is on intercontinental migrations: from Europe to the New World and from parts of Asia to other areas around the globe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and primarily from the third world to the first world and the Persian Gulf in the late twentieth century. The chapter begins by mapping out the different eras of international migration and labor mobility over the last four centuries, and then examines the underlying forces that drove mass migration in the two eras of globalization. Next, it considers the effects of migration on sending and receiving countries, and the impact of these economic effects on what has been dubbed the “policy backlash.” Although the fundamentals driving international migration were similar in the two periods, the nature, direction, and consequences of the flows reflect changes in the structure and integration of the international economy. The effects of international migration are conditioned both by structural changes in the world economy and by changes in policy regimes. In turn, the policy regimes have evolved in response to changing economic structures, political developments, and migration itself. The chapter concludes with an overview of migration flows and policy in the past, and with speculation about the future. A commentary is also included at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter illustrates that the globalization of world markets has been of prime economic importance in two key eras: the age of mass migration, which rose to a crescendo between 1850 and 1913; and the era of “constrained” mass migration of the last fifty years. The focus is on intercontinental migrations: from Europe to the New World and from parts of Asia to other areas around the globe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and primarily from the third world to the first world and the Persian Gulf in the late twentieth century. The chapter begins by mapping out the different eras of international migration and labor mobility over the last four centuries, and then examines the underlying forces that drove mass migration in the two eras of globalization. Next, it considers the effects of migration on sending and receiving countries, and the impact of these economic effects on what has been dubbed the “policy backlash.” Although the fundamentals driving international migration were similar in the two periods, the nature, direction, and consequences of the flows reflect changes in the structure and integration of the international economy. The effects of international migration are conditioned both by structural changes in the world economy and by changes in policy regimes. In turn, the policy regimes have evolved in response to changing economic structures, political developments, and migration itself. The chapter concludes with an overview of migration flows and policy in the past, and with speculation about the future. A commentary is also included at the end of the chapter.
Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520297128
- eISBN:
- 9780520969629
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520297128.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
The world is witnessing a rapid rise in the number of victims of human trafficking and of migrants—voluntary and involuntary, internal and international, authorized and unauthorized. In the first two ...
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The world is witnessing a rapid rise in the number of victims of human trafficking and of migrants—voluntary and involuntary, internal and international, authorized and unauthorized. In the first two decades of this century alone, more than 65 million people have been forced to escape home into the unknown. The slow-motion disintegration of failing states with feeble institutions, war and terror, demographic imbalances, unchecked climate change, and cataclysmic environmental disruptions have contributed to the catastrophic migrations that are placing millions of human beings at grave risk. Humanitarianism and Mass Migration fills a scholarly gap by examining the uncharted contours of mass migration. Exceptionally curated, it contains contributions from Jacqueline Bhabha, Richard Mollica, Irina Bokova, Pedro Noguera, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, James A. Banks, Mary Waters, and many others. The volume’s interdisciplinary and comparative approach showcases new research that reveals how current structures of health, mental health, and education are anachronistic and out of touch with the new cartographies of mass migrations. Envisioning a hopeful and realistic future, this book provides clear and concrete recommendations for what must be done to mine the inherent agency, cultural resources, resilience, and capacity for self-healing that will help forcefully displaced populations.Less
The world is witnessing a rapid rise in the number of victims of human trafficking and of migrants—voluntary and involuntary, internal and international, authorized and unauthorized. In the first two decades of this century alone, more than 65 million people have been forced to escape home into the unknown. The slow-motion disintegration of failing states with feeble institutions, war and terror, demographic imbalances, unchecked climate change, and cataclysmic environmental disruptions have contributed to the catastrophic migrations that are placing millions of human beings at grave risk. Humanitarianism and Mass Migration fills a scholarly gap by examining the uncharted contours of mass migration. Exceptionally curated, it contains contributions from Jacqueline Bhabha, Richard Mollica, Irina Bokova, Pedro Noguera, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, James A. Banks, Mary Waters, and many others. The volume’s interdisciplinary and comparative approach showcases new research that reveals how current structures of health, mental health, and education are anachronistic and out of touch with the new cartographies of mass migrations. Envisioning a hopeful and realistic future, this book provides clear and concrete recommendations for what must be done to mine the inherent agency, cultural resources, resilience, and capacity for self-healing that will help forcefully displaced populations.
Torsten Feys
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869000
- eISBN:
- 9781786944443
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to ...
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This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.Less
This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.
Eric Richards
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526131485
- eISBN:
- 9781526138910
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Very large numbers of people began to depart the British Isles for the New Worlds after about 1770. This was a pioneering movement, a rehearsal for modern international migration. This book contends ...
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Very large numbers of people began to depart the British Isles for the New Worlds after about 1770. This was a pioneering movement, a rehearsal for modern international migration. This book contends that emigration history is not seamless, that it contains large shifts over time and place, and that the modern scale and velocity of mobility have very particular historical roots. The Isle of Man is an ideal starting point in the quest for the engines and mechanisms of emigration, and a particular version of the widespread surge in British emigration in the 1820s. West Sussex was much closer to the centres of the expansionary economy in the new age. North America was the earliest and the greatest theatre of oceanic emigration in which the methods of mass migration were pioneered. Landlocked Shropshire experienced some of the earliest phases of British industrialisation, notably in the Ironbridge/Coalbrookdale district, deep inland on the River Severn. The turmoil in the agrarian and demographic foundations of life reached across the British archipelago. In West Cork and North Tipperary, there was clear evidence of the great structural changes that shook the foundations of these rural societies. The book also discusses the sequences and effects of migration in Wales, Swaledale, Cornwall, Kent, London, and Scottish Highlands. It also deals with Ireland’s place in the more generic context of the origins of migration from the British Isles. The common historical understanding is that the pre-industrial population of the British Isles had been held back by Malthusian checks.Less
Very large numbers of people began to depart the British Isles for the New Worlds after about 1770. This was a pioneering movement, a rehearsal for modern international migration. This book contends that emigration history is not seamless, that it contains large shifts over time and place, and that the modern scale and velocity of mobility have very particular historical roots. The Isle of Man is an ideal starting point in the quest for the engines and mechanisms of emigration, and a particular version of the widespread surge in British emigration in the 1820s. West Sussex was much closer to the centres of the expansionary economy in the new age. North America was the earliest and the greatest theatre of oceanic emigration in which the methods of mass migration were pioneered. Landlocked Shropshire experienced some of the earliest phases of British industrialisation, notably in the Ironbridge/Coalbrookdale district, deep inland on the River Severn. The turmoil in the agrarian and demographic foundations of life reached across the British archipelago. In West Cork and North Tipperary, there was clear evidence of the great structural changes that shook the foundations of these rural societies. The book also discusses the sequences and effects of migration in Wales, Swaledale, Cornwall, Kent, London, and Scottish Highlands. It also deals with Ireland’s place in the more generic context of the origins of migration from the British Isles. The common historical understanding is that the pre-industrial population of the British Isles had been held back by Malthusian checks.
Torsten Feys, Lewis R. Fischer, Stephane Hoste, and Stephen Vanfraechem (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the ...
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This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It brings together the actions of migrants, government regulators, transatlantic shipping companies, and the agents who represented them to determine the motives and opportunities for transatlantic mass-migration. The study is comprised of an introductory chapter, seven essays by maritime scholars, and a conclusion. The subject is approached from three particular discussion points: the rate of development and the accessibility of transport networks for European migrants; the competition between shipping companies and the subsequent influence on migration; and the integration of labour markets in both Europe and America. It concludes by suggesting both maritime and migration historians should merge their respective fields by including the larger frameworks of each discipline to gain further understanding of their disciplines, and identifies the role of ports and shipping companies as crucial to any further study of mass migration.Less
This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It brings together the actions of migrants, government regulators, transatlantic shipping companies, and the agents who represented them to determine the motives and opportunities for transatlantic mass-migration. The study is comprised of an introductory chapter, seven essays by maritime scholars, and a conclusion. The subject is approached from three particular discussion points: the rate of development and the accessibility of transport networks for European migrants; the competition between shipping companies and the subsequent influence on migration; and the integration of labour markets in both Europe and America. It concludes by suggesting both maritime and migration historians should merge their respective fields by including the larger frameworks of each discipline to gain further understanding of their disciplines, and identifies the role of ports and shipping companies as crucial to any further study of mass migration.
Anne White
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428202
- eISBN:
- 9781447303008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428202.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter concentrates on developing ideas which are particularly relevant to the reasons families migrate from Poland, the experiences of Poles in England, and the factors that shape their ...
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This chapter concentrates on developing ideas which are particularly relevant to the reasons families migrate from Poland, the experiences of Poles in England, and the factors that shape their thoughts about how long to stay. It notes that the research interviews suggest that Polish families do not usually arrive in the UK intending to settle and explores why people make certain decisions which have a bearing on whether they stay or return, instead of asking directly how long they will stay and then producing statistics about the answers. It notes that mass migration by polish families to the UK, and to European Union (EU) countries in general, is a new phenomenon.Less
This chapter concentrates on developing ideas which are particularly relevant to the reasons families migrate from Poland, the experiences of Poles in England, and the factors that shape their thoughts about how long to stay. It notes that the research interviews suggest that Polish families do not usually arrive in the UK intending to settle and explores why people make certain decisions which have a bearing on whether they stay or return, instead of asking directly how long they will stay and then producing statistics about the answers. It notes that mass migration by polish families to the UK, and to European Union (EU) countries in general, is a new phenomenon.
Jelle van Lottum
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780973893434
- eISBN:
- 9781786944610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780973893434.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This chapter argues that prior to the mass migration and globalisation of the nineteenth century, an earlier era of mass migration can be identified in the North Sea region between 1600 and 1950. It ...
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This chapter argues that prior to the mass migration and globalisation of the nineteenth century, an earlier era of mass migration can be identified in the North Sea region between 1600 and 1950. It offers a quantitative analysis of Northwest Europe’s first major waves of internationalisation. It provides and analyses emigration rates and mobility patterns throughout the period, and seeks to determine the causes of increased migration within the region spanning Scotland, England, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. It identifies two main waves of migration, occurring between 1550-1800 and 1850-1950 respectively. In exploring migration patterns, it defines four phases of movement: introductory, growth, saturation, and regression. Chain migration, industrialisation, the growth of urban populations, and the needs of the labour market are all considered, before concluding that the populace of the pre-industrialisation North Sea region was fairly mobile, linked to the supply of labour across the region, and statistically similar to the age of mass migration that followed later.Less
This chapter argues that prior to the mass migration and globalisation of the nineteenth century, an earlier era of mass migration can be identified in the North Sea region between 1600 and 1950. It offers a quantitative analysis of Northwest Europe’s first major waves of internationalisation. It provides and analyses emigration rates and mobility patterns throughout the period, and seeks to determine the causes of increased migration within the region spanning Scotland, England, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. It identifies two main waves of migration, occurring between 1550-1800 and 1850-1950 respectively. In exploring migration patterns, it defines four phases of movement: introductory, growth, saturation, and regression. Chain migration, industrialisation, the growth of urban populations, and the needs of the labour market are all considered, before concluding that the populace of the pre-industrialisation North Sea region was fairly mobile, linked to the supply of labour across the region, and statistically similar to the age of mass migration that followed later.
Tony Kushner
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719076541
- eISBN:
- 9781781702512
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719076541.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion
From the mid-nineteenth century through to the First World War, the Jewish world was re-shaped by mass migration resulting from a combination of factors—demographic and economic as well as the impact ...
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From the mid-nineteenth century through to the First World War, the Jewish world was re-shaped by mass migration resulting from a combination of factors—demographic and economic as well as the impact of persecution and discrimination. It was a part of a wider global shift in population from south to north and east to west that reflected the (uneven) impact of a new economic age and the forces of modernity that accompanied it. Britain, in spite of the large numbers settling there, has not featured prominently in Jewish historiography. Within the capital itself the focus has been largely on the East End at the expense of communities that developed in the West End and south of the river. This chapter provides alternative and critical narratives, thereby challenging those who limit Jewish migration to particular times and places. The dynamics of Jews on the move between and within countries and continents are far too multi-layered and intensive to be encapsulated in one story, even if as epic as the Lower East Side. It is only by incorporating the impact of Jewish migration where and when it is, perhaps, least expected that its full complexity and scope can be appreciated.Less
From the mid-nineteenth century through to the First World War, the Jewish world was re-shaped by mass migration resulting from a combination of factors—demographic and economic as well as the impact of persecution and discrimination. It was a part of a wider global shift in population from south to north and east to west that reflected the (uneven) impact of a new economic age and the forces of modernity that accompanied it. Britain, in spite of the large numbers settling there, has not featured prominently in Jewish historiography. Within the capital itself the focus has been largely on the East End at the expense of communities that developed in the West End and south of the river. This chapter provides alternative and critical narratives, thereby challenging those who limit Jewish migration to particular times and places. The dynamics of Jews on the move between and within countries and continents are far too multi-layered and intensive to be encapsulated in one story, even if as epic as the Lower East Side. It is only by incorporating the impact of Jewish migration where and when it is, perhaps, least expected that its full complexity and scope can be appreciated.
Torben Krings, Elaine Moriarty, James Wickham, Alicja Bobek, and Justyna Salamońska
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719088094
- eISBN:
- 9781781705834
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088094.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter locates mass migration from Poland in the broader Irish labour market context at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It shows how an unprecedented economic boom in conjunction ...
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This chapter locates mass migration from Poland in the broader Irish labour market context at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It shows how an unprecedented economic boom in conjunction with an open labour market policy in 2004 triggered large-scale migration from Poland and elsewhere. Ireland’s ‘goldrush’ labour market was able to integrate large-scale migrant flows without leading to major displacement of local workers. However, in the context of ‘light’ labour market regulation, incidents of migrant worker underpayment occurred which became an issue of concern in particular for the Irish trade union movement. In 2008, the country was hit by an unprecedented economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, in spite of the dramatically changed economic circumstances, Ireland is still host to a substantial foreign population as the mass migration that ensured post-2004 is likely to leave a lasting impact on the workplace and wider society.Less
This chapter locates mass migration from Poland in the broader Irish labour market context at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It shows how an unprecedented economic boom in conjunction with an open labour market policy in 2004 triggered large-scale migration from Poland and elsewhere. Ireland’s ‘goldrush’ labour market was able to integrate large-scale migrant flows without leading to major displacement of local workers. However, in the context of ‘light’ labour market regulation, incidents of migrant worker underpayment occurred which became an issue of concern in particular for the Irish trade union movement. In 2008, the country was hit by an unprecedented economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, in spite of the dramatically changed economic circumstances, Ireland is still host to a substantial foreign population as the mass migration that ensured post-2004 is likely to leave a lasting impact on the workplace and wider society.
George de Lama
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520267176
- eISBN:
- 9780520950207
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520267176.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This Interlude is written by a former managing editor for news at the Chicago Tribune who is currently head of communications at the Inter-American Development Bank, and it offers an instructive ...
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This Interlude is written by a former managing editor for news at the Chicago Tribune who is currently head of communications at the Inter-American Development Bank, and it offers an instructive personal reflection on three decades of journalism starting as a cub reporter in Chicago. The author's career embodies the very transformations that define how journalism continues to struggle with writing immigration. While at the manifest level immigration is driven by labor, demographic, and economic variables (among other things, segmented labor markets and wage differentials), at the latent level immigration's enduring root is the family. The children of immigrants are the fruit borne of immigration. In the United States, approximately one quarter of all youth are of immigrant origin, and it is projected that by 2050 over a third of all children will be growing up in immigrant households. The long-term consequences of mass migration, embodied in the lives of the children of immigrants, are a neglected problematique in the field of migration studies.Less
This Interlude is written by a former managing editor for news at the Chicago Tribune who is currently head of communications at the Inter-American Development Bank, and it offers an instructive personal reflection on three decades of journalism starting as a cub reporter in Chicago. The author's career embodies the very transformations that define how journalism continues to struggle with writing immigration. While at the manifest level immigration is driven by labor, demographic, and economic variables (among other things, segmented labor markets and wage differentials), at the latent level immigration's enduring root is the family. The children of immigrants are the fruit borne of immigration. In the United States, approximately one quarter of all youth are of immigrant origin, and it is projected that by 2050 over a third of all children will be growing up in immigrant households. The long-term consequences of mass migration, embodied in the lives of the children of immigrants, are a neglected problematique in the field of migration studies.
Torsten Feys
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781927869000
- eISBN:
- 9781786944443
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.003.0101
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
This section is a brief introduction to the remainder of the journal, outlining how mass migration became a big business during the transition from sail to steam technology between 1870 and 1914. It ...
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This section is a brief introduction to the remainder of the journal, outlining how mass migration became a big business during the transition from sail to steam technology between 1870 and 1914. It also states that records from the Holland-America Line form the majority of the sources for the subsequent chapters.Less
This section is a brief introduction to the remainder of the journal, outlining how mass migration became a big business during the transition from sail to steam technology between 1870 and 1914. It also states that records from the Holland-America Line form the majority of the sources for the subsequent chapters.
Eric Richards
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526131485
- eISBN:
- 9781526138910
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter deals with Ireland’s place in the more generic context of the origins of migration from the British Isles. The first crescendo of mass international migration came in the mid-1840s and ...
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This chapter deals with Ireland’s place in the more generic context of the origins of migration from the British Isles. The first crescendo of mass international migration came in the mid-1840s and was disproportionately Irish. Population growth, famine and emigration in the Irish case are commonly regarded as tied together inextricably. The spread of the potato facilitated economic expansion which included ‘a huge movement of population from east to west with new communities growing up in previously little populated areas’. The potato failure in 1846 produced catastrophic levels of mortality and then massive migration. The evacuation of rural Ireland eventually issued forth into a flood of emigrants across the Irish Sea and across the Atlantic. Whatever the ideological assumptions, the readjustment of agriculture in Ireland, especially in the decades of the Great Famine, was radical and ruthless.Less
This chapter deals with Ireland’s place in the more generic context of the origins of migration from the British Isles. The first crescendo of mass international migration came in the mid-1840s and was disproportionately Irish. Population growth, famine and emigration in the Irish case are commonly regarded as tied together inextricably. The spread of the potato facilitated economic expansion which included ‘a huge movement of population from east to west with new communities growing up in previously little populated areas’. The potato failure in 1846 produced catastrophic levels of mortality and then massive migration. The evacuation of rural Ireland eventually issued forth into a flood of emigrants across the Irish Sea and across the Atlantic. Whatever the ideological assumptions, the readjustment of agriculture in Ireland, especially in the decades of the Great Famine, was radical and ruthless.
Robert Colls
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199245192
- eISBN:
- 9780191697432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245192.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on black and Asian migration into a post-imperial country on the look-out for invaders. When the battle had been critical, the British had faced unconvinced invaders, and ...
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This chapter focuses on black and Asian migration into a post-imperial country on the look-out for invaders. When the battle had been critical, the British had faced unconvinced invaders, and military intelligence had known by October that that was the case. Mass immigration from the colonies and former colonies began in the late 1940s.Less
This chapter focuses on black and Asian migration into a post-imperial country on the look-out for invaders. When the battle had been critical, the British had faced unconvinced invaders, and military intelligence had known by October that that was the case. Mass immigration from the colonies and former colonies began in the late 1940s.
Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231169547
- eISBN:
- 9780231537957
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231169547.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
The year is 2393, and the world is almost unrecognizable. Clear warnings of climate catastrophe went ignored for decades, leading to soaring temperatures, rising sea levels, widespread drought ...
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The year is 2393, and the world is almost unrecognizable. Clear warnings of climate catastrophe went ignored for decades, leading to soaring temperatures, rising sea levels, widespread drought and—finally—the disaster now known as the Great Collapse of 2093, when the disintegration of the West Antarctica Ice Sheet led to mass migration and a complete reshuffling of the global order. Writing from the Second People's Republic of China on the 300th anniversary of the Great Collapse, a senior scholar presents a gripping and deeply disturbing account of how the children of the Enlightenment—the political and economic elites of the so-called advanced industrial societies—failed to act, and so brought about the collapse of Western civilization. In this haunting, provocative work of science-based fiction, the authors imagine a world devastated by climate change. Dramatizing the science in ways traditional nonfiction cannot, the book reasserts the importance of scientists and the work they do and reveals the self-serving interests of the so called “carbon combustion complex” that have turned the practice of science into political fodder. Based on sound scholarship and yet unafraid to speak boldly, this book provides a welcome moment of clarity amid the cacophony of climate change literature.Less
The year is 2393, and the world is almost unrecognizable. Clear warnings of climate catastrophe went ignored for decades, leading to soaring temperatures, rising sea levels, widespread drought and—finally—the disaster now known as the Great Collapse of 2093, when the disintegration of the West Antarctica Ice Sheet led to mass migration and a complete reshuffling of the global order. Writing from the Second People's Republic of China on the 300th anniversary of the Great Collapse, a senior scholar presents a gripping and deeply disturbing account of how the children of the Enlightenment—the political and economic elites of the so-called advanced industrial societies—failed to act, and so brought about the collapse of Western civilization. In this haunting, provocative work of science-based fiction, the authors imagine a world devastated by climate change. Dramatizing the science in ways traditional nonfiction cannot, the book reasserts the importance of scientists and the work they do and reveals the self-serving interests of the so called “carbon combustion complex” that have turned the practice of science into political fodder. Based on sound scholarship and yet unafraid to speak boldly, this book provides a welcome moment of clarity amid the cacophony of climate change literature.
Erin Royston Battat
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469614021
- eISBN:
- 9781469614045
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469614021.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Most scholarship on the mass migrations of African Americans and southern whites during and after the Great Depression treats those migrations as separate phenomena, strictly divided along racial ...
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Most scholarship on the mass migrations of African Americans and southern whites during and after the Great Depression treats those migrations as separate phenomena, strictly divided along racial lines. This interdisciplinary work argues instead that we should understand these Depression-era migrations as interconnected responses to the capitalist collapse and political upheavals of the early twentieth century. During the 1930s and 1940s, it shows, writers and artists of both races created migration stories specifically to bolster the black–white Left alliance. Defying rigid critical categories, the author considers a wide variety of media, including literary classics by John Steinbeck and Ann Petry, “lost” novels by Sanora Babb and William Attaway, hobo novellas, images of migrant women by Dorothea Lange and Elizabeth Catlett, popular songs, and histories and ethnographies of migrant shipyard workers. This rereading and recovering of the period's literary and visual culture expands our understanding of the migration narrative by uniting the political and aesthetic goals of the black and white literary Left and illuminating the striking interrelationship between American populism and civil rights.Less
Most scholarship on the mass migrations of African Americans and southern whites during and after the Great Depression treats those migrations as separate phenomena, strictly divided along racial lines. This interdisciplinary work argues instead that we should understand these Depression-era migrations as interconnected responses to the capitalist collapse and political upheavals of the early twentieth century. During the 1930s and 1940s, it shows, writers and artists of both races created migration stories specifically to bolster the black–white Left alliance. Defying rigid critical categories, the author considers a wide variety of media, including literary classics by John Steinbeck and Ann Petry, “lost” novels by Sanora Babb and William Attaway, hobo novellas, images of migrant women by Dorothea Lange and Elizabeth Catlett, popular songs, and histories and ethnographies of migrant shipyard workers. This rereading and recovering of the period's literary and visual culture expands our understanding of the migration narrative by uniting the political and aesthetic goals of the black and white literary Left and illuminating the striking interrelationship between American populism and civil rights.
