Catherine Tatiana Dunlop
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226173023
- eISBN:
- 9780226173160
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226173160.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
The period between the French Revolution and the Second World War saw an unprecedented proliferation of mapmaking and map reading across modern European society. This book explores the “age of ...
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The period between the French Revolution and the Second World War saw an unprecedented proliferation of mapmaking and map reading across modern European society. This book explores the “age of cartophilia” through the story of mapmaking in the disputed French-German borderland of Alsace-Lorraine. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, French and Germans claimed Alsace-Lorraine as part of their national territories, fighting several bloody wars with each other that resulted in four changes to the borderland’s nationality. In the process, the contested territory became a mapmaker’s laboratory, a place subjected to multiple visual interpretations and competing topographies. The cartographers that mapped Alsace-Lorraine at the height of its nationalist conflict were not the people that we might expect. When we typically think of a border surveyor, we picture a man in a military uniform positioning border markers onto land with the help of scientific instruments. Cartophilia challenges this stereotypical image of a border surveyor. It demonstrates that Alsace-Lorraine’s mapmakers were people from all walks of life, including linguists, ethnographers, historians, priests, and schoolteachers. Empowered by their access to affordable new printing technologies and motivated by patriotic ideals, these “popular mapmakers” re-defined the meaning and purpose of European borders during the age of nationalism.Less
The period between the French Revolution and the Second World War saw an unprecedented proliferation of mapmaking and map reading across modern European society. This book explores the “age of cartophilia” through the story of mapmaking in the disputed French-German borderland of Alsace-Lorraine. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, French and Germans claimed Alsace-Lorraine as part of their national territories, fighting several bloody wars with each other that resulted in four changes to the borderland’s nationality. In the process, the contested territory became a mapmaker’s laboratory, a place subjected to multiple visual interpretations and competing topographies. The cartographers that mapped Alsace-Lorraine at the height of its nationalist conflict were not the people that we might expect. When we typically think of a border surveyor, we picture a man in a military uniform positioning border markers onto land with the help of scientific instruments. Cartophilia challenges this stereotypical image of a border surveyor. It demonstrates that Alsace-Lorraine’s mapmakers were people from all walks of life, including linguists, ethnographers, historians, priests, and schoolteachers. Empowered by their access to affordable new printing technologies and motivated by patriotic ideals, these “popular mapmakers” re-defined the meaning and purpose of European borders during the age of nationalism.
Daniel Foliard
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226451336
- eISBN:
- 9780226451473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226451473.003.0002
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cartography
This chapter first shows the diversity of the agendas underlying the survey of the Middle East–to-be in the mid-19th century. It examines the haphazard processes that lay behind the mapmaking. The ...
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This chapter first shows the diversity of the agendas underlying the survey of the Middle East–to-be in the mid-19th century. It examines the haphazard processes that lay behind the mapmaking. The position of fieldwork in the dynamic processes that shaped geographical imaginations is of central importance to the understanding of the cultural production of the area. It then looks into the factors and the technical restraints behind survey expeditions. It describes how the surveyors captured the topography and nomenclature of a place, how spatial knowledge was first collected and recorded before its translation into the printed authority of cartography. It also tackles the question of the interactions between the local population and British agents. It pursues one of the main lines of reasoning of this book: the dialectical elaboration of cartographic and geographical knowledge. The chapter goes on to consider one of the first systematic surveying campaigns in the region, that is, the Palestine Exploration Fund project, with a view to observing the interactions of the aforementioned processes through a case study. The last sections describe the final stages of the construction of knowledge, from mapping to mapmaking as such, from the field notes to the cartographic document.Less
This chapter first shows the diversity of the agendas underlying the survey of the Middle East–to-be in the mid-19th century. It examines the haphazard processes that lay behind the mapmaking. The position of fieldwork in the dynamic processes that shaped geographical imaginations is of central importance to the understanding of the cultural production of the area. It then looks into the factors and the technical restraints behind survey expeditions. It describes how the surveyors captured the topography and nomenclature of a place, how spatial knowledge was first collected and recorded before its translation into the printed authority of cartography. It also tackles the question of the interactions between the local population and British agents. It pursues one of the main lines of reasoning of this book: the dialectical elaboration of cartographic and geographical knowledge. The chapter goes on to consider one of the first systematic surveying campaigns in the region, that is, the Palestine Exploration Fund project, with a view to observing the interactions of the aforementioned processes through a case study. The last sections describe the final stages of the construction of knowledge, from mapping to mapmaking as such, from the field notes to the cartographic document.
Daniel Foliard
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226451336
- eISBN:
- 9780226451473
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226451473.003.0004
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cartography
This chapter examines the reception of the cartographies and geographies of the Orient by the wider British public in the 1850s and 1860s.It first considers commercial mapmaking and the contrasted ...
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This chapter examines the reception of the cartographies and geographies of the Orient by the wider British public in the 1850s and 1860s.It first considers commercial mapmaking and the contrasted history of its gradual modernization and inherent conservatism. It demonstrates that British mapmakers’ pretensions of to modernity were often contradicted by cost-related restraints and lack of updated data. It provides a detailed examination of how maps became integrated into increasingly widespread social practices. It explores the less-scholarly less scholarly forms of maps with a view to demonstrating how the exhibition of the world’s outlines became one of the facets of 19th-century leisure. Another focal point of this chapter is the issue of geographical literacy and the educational uses of maps of the East.Less
This chapter examines the reception of the cartographies and geographies of the Orient by the wider British public in the 1850s and 1860s.It first considers commercial mapmaking and the contrasted history of its gradual modernization and inherent conservatism. It demonstrates that British mapmakers’ pretensions of to modernity were often contradicted by cost-related restraints and lack of updated data. It provides a detailed examination of how maps became integrated into increasingly widespread social practices. It explores the less-scholarly less scholarly forms of maps with a view to demonstrating how the exhibition of the world’s outlines became one of the facets of 19th-century leisure. Another focal point of this chapter is the issue of geographical literacy and the educational uses of maps of the East.
Catherine Tatiana Dunlop
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226173023
- eISBN:
- 9780226173160
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226173160.003.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
This chapter begins the book’s exploration of Alsace-Lorraine’s cartographic archive with a discussion of scientific survey maps. Scientific mapmaking constituted an important first step in the ...
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This chapter begins the book’s exploration of Alsace-Lorraine’s cartographic archive with a discussion of scientific survey maps. Scientific mapmaking constituted an important first step in the visualization of modern European boundaries. In order to draw and demarcate their territorial borders, European states created new mapping institutions that trained professional corps of surveyors in the use of scientific instruments and triangulation techniques. Modern French and German governments both desired maps of Alsace-Lorraine that were mathematically precise, ordered, and void of any references to local cultural particularities. As a result, French and German surveyors—though they worked for rival states—produced nearly identical maps of Alsace-Lorraine and collaborated closely on joint border commissions. The French and German states’ gridded, homogenous maps of their disputed border territory were so similar, in fact, that they became objects of frequent transnational exchange, particularly in times of war.Less
This chapter begins the book’s exploration of Alsace-Lorraine’s cartographic archive with a discussion of scientific survey maps. Scientific mapmaking constituted an important first step in the visualization of modern European boundaries. In order to draw and demarcate their territorial borders, European states created new mapping institutions that trained professional corps of surveyors in the use of scientific instruments and triangulation techniques. Modern French and German governments both desired maps of Alsace-Lorraine that were mathematically precise, ordered, and void of any references to local cultural particularities. As a result, French and German surveyors—though they worked for rival states—produced nearly identical maps of Alsace-Lorraine and collaborated closely on joint border commissions. The French and German states’ gridded, homogenous maps of their disputed border territory were so similar, in fact, that they became objects of frequent transnational exchange, particularly in times of war.
Genevieve Carlton
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226255316
- eISBN:
- 9780226255453
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226255453.003.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
This chapter analyzes the ways mapmakers drew on the techniques of Renaissance artists to insert their works into an already vibrant visual tradition. While previous historians have argued that the ...
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This chapter analyzes the ways mapmakers drew on the techniques of Renaissance artists to insert their works into an already vibrant visual tradition. While previous historians have argued that the rise of accurate maps coincided with a decrease in the symbolic and contemplative function of maps, by repositioning cartography in relation to trends in art this chapter demonstrates that altered expectations for the accuracy of maps did not lessen the meaning that consumers attached to them. However, this shift did leave the message of maps increasingly ambiguous and open to interpretation, which allowed buyers to fashion their own meaning for maps.Less
This chapter analyzes the ways mapmakers drew on the techniques of Renaissance artists to insert their works into an already vibrant visual tradition. While previous historians have argued that the rise of accurate maps coincided with a decrease in the symbolic and contemplative function of maps, by repositioning cartography in relation to trends in art this chapter demonstrates that altered expectations for the accuracy of maps did not lessen the meaning that consumers attached to them. However, this shift did leave the message of maps increasingly ambiguous and open to interpretation, which allowed buyers to fashion their own meaning for maps.
Richard J. A. Talbert
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226789378
- eISBN:
- 9780226789408
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789408.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This book encompasses a vast arc of space and time—Western Asia to North Africa and Europe from the third millennium BCE to the fifth century CE—to explore mapmaking and worldviews in the ancient ...
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This book encompasses a vast arc of space and time—Western Asia to North Africa and Europe from the third millennium BCE to the fifth century CE—to explore mapmaking and worldviews in the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In each society, maps served as critical economic, political, and personal tools, but there was little consistency in how and why they were made. Much like today, maps in antiquity meant very different things to different people. The book presents an ambitious, fresh overview of cartography and its uses. The seven chapters range from broad-based analyses of mapping in Mesopotamia and Egypt to a close focus on Ptolemy's ideas for drawing a world map based on the theories of his Greek predecessors at Alexandria. The remarkable accuracy of Mesopotamian city-plans is revealed, as is the creation of maps by Romans to support the proud claim that their emperor's rule was global in its reach. By probing the instruments and techniques of both Greek and Roman surveyors, the book uncovers how their extraordinary planning of roads, aqueducts, and tunnels was achieved. Even though none of these civilizations devised the means to measure time or distance with precision, they still conceptualized their surroundings, natural and man-made, near and far, and felt the urge to record them by inventive means that this book reinterprets and compares.Less
This book encompasses a vast arc of space and time—Western Asia to North Africa and Europe from the third millennium BCE to the fifth century CE—to explore mapmaking and worldviews in the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In each society, maps served as critical economic, political, and personal tools, but there was little consistency in how and why they were made. Much like today, maps in antiquity meant very different things to different people. The book presents an ambitious, fresh overview of cartography and its uses. The seven chapters range from broad-based analyses of mapping in Mesopotamia and Egypt to a close focus on Ptolemy's ideas for drawing a world map based on the theories of his Greek predecessors at Alexandria. The remarkable accuracy of Mesopotamian city-plans is revealed, as is the creation of maps by Romans to support the proud claim that their emperor's rule was global in its reach. By probing the instruments and techniques of both Greek and Roman surveyors, the book uncovers how their extraordinary planning of roads, aqueducts, and tunnels was achieved. Even though none of these civilizations devised the means to measure time or distance with precision, they still conceptualized their surroundings, natural and man-made, near and far, and felt the urge to record them by inventive means that this book reinterprets and compares.
Adelene Buckland
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226079684
- eISBN:
- 9780226923635
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226923635.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This book is an in-depth study of the shocking, groundbreaking, and sometimes beautiful writings of the gentlemen of the “heroic age” of geology and of the contribution these men made to the literary ...
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This book is an in-depth study of the shocking, groundbreaking, and sometimes beautiful writings of the gentlemen of the “heroic age” of geology and of the contribution these men made to the literary culture of their day. For these men, literature was an essential part of the practice of science itself, as important to their efforts as mapmaking, fieldwork, and observation. The reading and writing of imaginative literatures helped them to discover, imagine, debate, and give shape and meaning to millions of years of previously undiscovered earth history. Borrowing from the historical fictions of Walter Scott and the poetry of Lord Byron, they invented geology as a science, discovered many of the creatures we now call the dinosaurs, and were the first to unravel and map the sequence and structure of stratified rock. As the book shows, they did this by rejecting the grand narratives of older theories of the earth or of biblical cosmogony: theirs would be a humble science, faithfully recording minute details and leaving the big picture for future generations to paint. It also reveals how these scientists—just as they had drawn inspiration from their literary predecessors—gave Victorian realist novelists such as George Eliot, Charles Kingsley, and Charles Dickens a powerful language with which to create dark and disturbing ruptures in the too-seductive sweep of story.Less
This book is an in-depth study of the shocking, groundbreaking, and sometimes beautiful writings of the gentlemen of the “heroic age” of geology and of the contribution these men made to the literary culture of their day. For these men, literature was an essential part of the practice of science itself, as important to their efforts as mapmaking, fieldwork, and observation. The reading and writing of imaginative literatures helped them to discover, imagine, debate, and give shape and meaning to millions of years of previously undiscovered earth history. Borrowing from the historical fictions of Walter Scott and the poetry of Lord Byron, they invented geology as a science, discovered many of the creatures we now call the dinosaurs, and were the first to unravel and map the sequence and structure of stratified rock. As the book shows, they did this by rejecting the grand narratives of older theories of the earth or of biblical cosmogony: theirs would be a humble science, faithfully recording minute details and leaving the big picture for future generations to paint. It also reveals how these scientists—just as they had drawn inspiration from their literary predecessors—gave Victorian realist novelists such as George Eliot, Charles Kingsley, and Charles Dickens a powerful language with which to create dark and disturbing ruptures in the too-seductive sweep of story.
Alexander M. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199605781
- eISBN:
- 9780191750649
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199605781.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Social History
Chapter Three examines the creation of a new cultural image of Moscow in the eighteenth century, particularly under Catherine II. The chapter begins with a discussion of the peculiarities of Russian ...
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Chapter Three examines the creation of a new cultural image of Moscow in the eighteenth century, particularly under Catherine II. The chapter begins with a discussion of the peculiarities of Russian Enlightenment culture, especially its penchant for engaging social and political issues through deliberately idealized representations of reality and through allegorical imagery drawn from classical culture and mythology. A great challenge facing eighteenth-century Russians was the creation of a cultural idiom that permitted a realistic representation of Moscow and other Russian cities. The chapter explores the creation of this idiom by examining three areas of cultural production: mapmaking; the graphic arts, particularly the cityscapes of Fedor Alekseev; and history and statistics, particularly the work of Gerhard Friedrich Müller and Vasilii Ruban.Less
Chapter Three examines the creation of a new cultural image of Moscow in the eighteenth century, particularly under Catherine II. The chapter begins with a discussion of the peculiarities of Russian Enlightenment culture, especially its penchant for engaging social and political issues through deliberately idealized representations of reality and through allegorical imagery drawn from classical culture and mythology. A great challenge facing eighteenth-century Russians was the creation of a cultural idiom that permitted a realistic representation of Moscow and other Russian cities. The chapter explores the creation of this idiom by examining three areas of cultural production: mapmaking; the graphic arts, particularly the cityscapes of Fedor Alekseev; and history and statistics, particularly the work of Gerhard Friedrich Müller and Vasilii Ruban.
Otto Maduro and Eduardo Mendieta
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823263042
- eISBN:
- 9780823266814
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823263042.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This book offers personal reflections on how human life revolves around fiestas and moves in pursuit of celebration yet encounters suffering, urgency, and fear at times. It compares the human effort ...
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This book offers personal reflections on how human life revolves around fiestas and moves in pursuit of celebration yet encounters suffering, urgency, and fear at times. It compares the human effort to grasp reality with mapmaking, imagining human knowledge as an attempt at making “maps for the party”: a sort of guide for finding and opening pathways that will point us toward the good life, a life worthy of being frequently feasted with joy, pleasure, and gusto. It shows that the very act of concocting, constructing, comparing, and correcting maps can be a pleasant and festive process in and of itself—even though, as is often the case with most real human lives, such pleasure is frequently intertwined with and vulnerable to difficulties, frustrations, stagnation, conflicts, detours, limitations, and relapses. The introduction explains how the author of this book became connected with the movement which is called liberation theology and how he got the idea of writing this book.Less
This book offers personal reflections on how human life revolves around fiestas and moves in pursuit of celebration yet encounters suffering, urgency, and fear at times. It compares the human effort to grasp reality with mapmaking, imagining human knowledge as an attempt at making “maps for the party”: a sort of guide for finding and opening pathways that will point us toward the good life, a life worthy of being frequently feasted with joy, pleasure, and gusto. It shows that the very act of concocting, constructing, comparing, and correcting maps can be a pleasant and festive process in and of itself—even though, as is often the case with most real human lives, such pleasure is frequently intertwined with and vulnerable to difficulties, frustrations, stagnation, conflicts, detours, limitations, and relapses. The introduction explains how the author of this book became connected with the movement which is called liberation theology and how he got the idea of writing this book.
Richard J. A. Talbert
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226789378
- eISBN:
- 9780226789408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789408.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This book focuses on the maps and mapping practices of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It looks at several maps that stood as monuments of the history of cartography. It examines ...
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This book focuses on the maps and mapping practices of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It looks at several maps that stood as monuments of the history of cartography. It examines mapping and mapmaking initiatives in ancient Greece from Homer to Eratosthenes, spanning the earliest times to the third century BCE. It also discusses the intellectual background and outlook which led Ptolemy in the second century CE to theorize about making a world map based on the concept proposed by Eratosthenes. In addition, it considers the instruments and techniques employed in Greek and Roman surveying with special reference to the planning of roads, aqueducts, and tunnels. Finally, it explores how inhabitants of the Roman Empire used maps, constructed “mental maps” of it, and oriented their worldview.Less
This book focuses on the maps and mapping practices of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It looks at several maps that stood as monuments of the history of cartography. It examines mapping and mapmaking initiatives in ancient Greece from Homer to Eratosthenes, spanning the earliest times to the third century BCE. It also discusses the intellectual background and outlook which led Ptolemy in the second century CE to theorize about making a world map based on the concept proposed by Eratosthenes. In addition, it considers the instruments and techniques employed in Greek and Roman surveying with special reference to the planning of roads, aqueducts, and tunnels. Finally, it explores how inhabitants of the Roman Empire used maps, constructed “mental maps” of it, and oriented their worldview.
Francesca Rochberg
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226789378
- eISBN:
- 9780226789408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789408.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines the various cultural contexts for mapmaking in ancient Mesopotamia, focusing on maps on cuneiform tablets and how they served as expressions of terrestrial and celestial order ...
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This chapter examines the various cultural contexts for mapmaking in ancient Mesopotamia, focusing on maps on cuneiform tablets and how they served as expressions of terrestrial and celestial order during the period. It begins by looking at the history of mapmaking in the ancient Near East before turning to a discussion of evidence for plans of houses and other buildings. It then considers field surveys, city maps, regional maps, a map of the world, and the establishment of a spatial organization in the heavenly cosmos. It also comments on the representation of practical geography in literary form, in itineraries attested from Old Babylonian times up to Neo- Assyrian. The chapter shows how the maps of cities with their waterways and surrounding physical landscape combine cartography of sacred space, depicted in the temple plans, with that of economic space, seen in the field surveys.Less
This chapter examines the various cultural contexts for mapmaking in ancient Mesopotamia, focusing on maps on cuneiform tablets and how they served as expressions of terrestrial and celestial order during the period. It begins by looking at the history of mapmaking in the ancient Near East before turning to a discussion of evidence for plans of houses and other buildings. It then considers field surveys, city maps, regional maps, a map of the world, and the establishment of a spatial organization in the heavenly cosmos. It also comments on the representation of practical geography in literary form, in itineraries attested from Old Babylonian times up to Neo- Assyrian. The chapter shows how the maps of cities with their waterways and surrounding physical landscape combine cartography of sacred space, depicted in the temple plans, with that of economic space, seen in the field surveys.
David O'Connor
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226789378
- eISBN:
- 9780226789408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789408.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines maps in ancient Egypt which depicted not only topography but also the cosmos. It looks at the mapmaking activities of artisans and scribes in addition to their production of ...
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This chapter examines maps in ancient Egypt which depicted not only topography but also the cosmos. It looks at the mapmaking activities of artisans and scribes in addition to their production of relatively detailed plans of either the projected or completed tombs of specific pharaohs. It focuses on one site, Deir el Medina, a village built to house the workers of the royal tombs and their families. It also discusses the maplike aspects of temple art during the period, a world map depicting the victories of Seti I, a map partially preserved in the form of fifteen fragments of papyrus in the Egyptian Museum in Turin, and a maplike product known as the “Book of the Fayum”.Less
This chapter examines maps in ancient Egypt which depicted not only topography but also the cosmos. It looks at the mapmaking activities of artisans and scribes in addition to their production of relatively detailed plans of either the projected or completed tombs of specific pharaohs. It focuses on one site, Deir el Medina, a village built to house the workers of the royal tombs and their families. It also discusses the maplike aspects of temple art during the period, a world map depicting the victories of Seti I, a map partially preserved in the form of fifteen fragments of papyrus in the Egyptian Museum in Turin, and a maplike product known as the “Book of the Fayum”.
Georgia L. Irby
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226789378
- eISBN:
- 9780226789408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789408.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines maps and mapmaking in ancient Greece, with reference to initiatives from Homer to Eratosthenes. It begins with a discussion of the challenges involved in the study of Greek ...
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This chapter examines maps and mapmaking in ancient Greece, with reference to initiatives from Homer to Eratosthenes. It begins with a discussion of the challenges involved in the study of Greek cartography and the function of maps as an important expression of Greek culture. It considers Greek maps in relation to abstract philosophical theories and their depiction of topography and relative distances as well as cosmogony and humanity's place in the universe. It also looks at early Greek maps, like those made in Miletus and its thinkers such as Anaximander and Hecataeus. In addition, it describes the maps attributed to Aristagoras, Herodotus, Democritus, and Hipparchus and analyzes the representation of spherical earth in Greek maps. Finally, it describes the Museum at Alexandria, a center of learning founded by Ptolemy II Philadelphus.Less
This chapter examines maps and mapmaking in ancient Greece, with reference to initiatives from Homer to Eratosthenes. It begins with a discussion of the challenges involved in the study of Greek cartography and the function of maps as an important expression of Greek culture. It considers Greek maps in relation to abstract philosophical theories and their depiction of topography and relative distances as well as cosmogony and humanity's place in the universe. It also looks at early Greek maps, like those made in Miletus and its thinkers such as Anaximander and Hecataeus. In addition, it describes the maps attributed to Aristagoras, Herodotus, Democritus, and Hipparchus and analyzes the representation of spherical earth in Greek maps. Finally, it describes the Museum at Alexandria, a center of learning founded by Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
Benet Salway
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226789378
- eISBN:
- 9780226789408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789408.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter explores how inhabitants of the Roman Empire used maps (if at all), constructed “mental maps” of it, and oriented their worldview. Drawing on a wide range of texts from Roman antiquity ...
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This chapter explores how inhabitants of the Roman Empire used maps (if at all), constructed “mental maps” of it, and oriented their worldview. Drawing on a wide range of texts from Roman antiquity (in Greek and Latin), it examines signs of mapmaking and map consciousness as well as evidence of its nature. It considers the “Romanness” of the mapping encountered in Roman texts and the texts' relationships with maps, the Romans' knowledge of geography and cartography, fundamental differences between textual versus graphic mapping, and the organization of intrinsically geographic data based on a spatial principle. The chapter also discusses the use of itineraries for planning and recording routes, Eratosthenes's oikoumenē and how it influenced many educated Romans in terms of mapping their understanding of the world, the use of the terms superior (upper) and inferior (lower) in Roman political geography, and the ordering of tribes, regions, legions, and provinces in ancient Rome. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ancient writers' attempt to blend history with comprehensive accounts of geography.Less
This chapter explores how inhabitants of the Roman Empire used maps (if at all), constructed “mental maps” of it, and oriented their worldview. Drawing on a wide range of texts from Roman antiquity (in Greek and Latin), it examines signs of mapmaking and map consciousness as well as evidence of its nature. It considers the “Romanness” of the mapping encountered in Roman texts and the texts' relationships with maps, the Romans' knowledge of geography and cartography, fundamental differences between textual versus graphic mapping, and the organization of intrinsically geographic data based on a spatial principle. The chapter also discusses the use of itineraries for planning and recording routes, Eratosthenes's oikoumenē and how it influenced many educated Romans in terms of mapping their understanding of the world, the use of the terms superior (upper) and inferior (lower) in Roman political geography, and the ordering of tribes, regions, legions, and provinces in ancient Rome. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ancient writers' attempt to blend history with comprehensive accounts of geography.
Bree Akesson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447317524
- eISBN:
- 9781447317531
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447317524.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
Mapmaking is one research method that can be used to examine the socio-spatial lives of individuals throughout the lifecourse. Through mapmaking, researchers can facilitate an exploration of research ...
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Mapmaking is one research method that can be used to examine the socio-spatial lives of individuals throughout the lifecourse. Through mapmaking, researchers can facilitate an exploration of research participants’ diverse and complex lives by using a visual method to stimulate discussion. This is especially useful for research participants who may find it difficult to engage through traditional research methods. Though mapmaking can be used with diverse populations, this chapter introduces mapmaking as a new method that can be employed with young children who experience political violence. Drawing from research experience in the occupied Palestinian territories, the chapter critically reflects upon process-related challenges and ethical issues when working with young children and their. The chapter asserts that mapmaking is a promising research methodology to explore young children’s connection to place when used in conjunction with other methods of inquiry and when the whole family is included in the research process.Less
Mapmaking is one research method that can be used to examine the socio-spatial lives of individuals throughout the lifecourse. Through mapmaking, researchers can facilitate an exploration of research participants’ diverse and complex lives by using a visual method to stimulate discussion. This is especially useful for research participants who may find it difficult to engage through traditional research methods. Though mapmaking can be used with diverse populations, this chapter introduces mapmaking as a new method that can be employed with young children who experience political violence. Drawing from research experience in the occupied Palestinian territories, the chapter critically reflects upon process-related challenges and ethical issues when working with young children and their. The chapter asserts that mapmaking is a promising research methodology to explore young children’s connection to place when used in conjunction with other methods of inquiry and when the whole family is included in the research process.
Shirley Chew
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236740
- eISBN:
- 9781846314285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236740.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter examines V. S. Naipaul's attitude towards Joseph Conrad by focusing on the complex manner in which colonial societies and colonial identity are revisioned in the novel The Enigma of ...
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This chapter examines V. S. Naipaul's attitude towards Joseph Conrad by focusing on the complex manner in which colonial societies and colonial identity are revisioned in the novel The Enigma of Arrival. It considers how Naipaul destroys the colonial fantasy of ‘security’ in the novel — that is, the notion of ‘a fixed world’ where England is of timeless perfection and the disorder of ‘half-made societies that seemed doomed to remain half-made’. It demonstrates how the dynamics of The Enigma of Arrival are sustained upon a series of translations and self-translations whereby Naipaul constructs himself as colonised subject, migrant, and postcolonial writer. Drawing on examples from the late essay ‘Geography and Some Explorers’, the chapter shows how Conrad ‘meditated’ on his world and draws geographical discovery into the province of romance. It also analyses Conrad's progressivist reading of geography, his place in the history of exploration, and his fanciful mapmaking in relation to the deeds of adventurous explorers.Less
This chapter examines V. S. Naipaul's attitude towards Joseph Conrad by focusing on the complex manner in which colonial societies and colonial identity are revisioned in the novel The Enigma of Arrival. It considers how Naipaul destroys the colonial fantasy of ‘security’ in the novel — that is, the notion of ‘a fixed world’ where England is of timeless perfection and the disorder of ‘half-made societies that seemed doomed to remain half-made’. It demonstrates how the dynamics of The Enigma of Arrival are sustained upon a series of translations and self-translations whereby Naipaul constructs himself as colonised subject, migrant, and postcolonial writer. Drawing on examples from the late essay ‘Geography and Some Explorers’, the chapter shows how Conrad ‘meditated’ on his world and draws geographical discovery into the province of romance. It also analyses Conrad's progressivist reading of geography, his place in the history of exploration, and his fanciful mapmaking in relation to the deeds of adventurous explorers.
