Catherine Rider
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199282227
- eISBN:
- 9780191713026
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282227.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This book investigates the common medieval belief that magic could cause impotence. Because impotence was a ground for annulling a marriage in medieval canon law, it received a large amount of ...
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This book investigates the common medieval belief that magic could cause impotence. Because impotence was a ground for annulling a marriage in medieval canon law, it received a large amount of discussion in the Middle Ages, and many of these discussions also described how impotence could be caused by magic. Chapters 1-4 trace the development of ideas about magically-caused impotence from the ancient world into the 12th century, arguing that medieval writers only gradually came to distinguish impotence magic from other forms of love magic. Chapters 5-9 then analyse the main kinds of sources which mentioned impotence magic in the late Middle Ages: magical texts, confession manuals, canon law commentaries, theology commentaries, and medicine. A comparison of these sources reveals that medieval writers held surprisingly diverse opinions about what magic was, how it worked, and whether it was ever legitimate to use it. Finally, in Chapter 10, the book shows how ideas about impotence magic were affected in the 15th century by new fears of demonic witchcraft. The book argues that many authors who discussed impotence magic were interested in popular magical practices, and so it acts as a case study of the relationship between elite and popular culture in the Middle Ages. It emphasizes the importance of the 13th-century pastoral reform movement, which sought to enforce more orthodox religious practices. This movement brought churchmen into contact with popular magic, and encouraged them to write about what they saw.Less
This book investigates the common medieval belief that magic could cause impotence. Because impotence was a ground for annulling a marriage in medieval canon law, it received a large amount of discussion in the Middle Ages, and many of these discussions also described how impotence could be caused by magic. Chapters 1-4 trace the development of ideas about magically-caused impotence from the ancient world into the 12th century, arguing that medieval writers only gradually came to distinguish impotence magic from other forms of love magic. Chapters 5-9 then analyse the main kinds of sources which mentioned impotence magic in the late Middle Ages: magical texts, confession manuals, canon law commentaries, theology commentaries, and medicine. A comparison of these sources reveals that medieval writers held surprisingly diverse opinions about what magic was, how it worked, and whether it was ever legitimate to use it. Finally, in Chapter 10, the book shows how ideas about impotence magic were affected in the 15th century by new fears of demonic witchcraft. The book argues that many authors who discussed impotence magic were interested in popular magical practices, and so it acts as a case study of the relationship between elite and popular culture in the Middle Ages. It emphasizes the importance of the 13th-century pastoral reform movement, which sought to enforce more orthodox religious practices. This movement brought churchmen into contact with popular magic, and encouraged them to write about what they saw.
Paolo Mauro, Nathan Sussman, and Yishay Yafeh
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199272693
- eISBN:
- 9780191603488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199272697.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter describes the pre-World War I London market for sovereign bonds issued by emerging countries, and compares it with the corresponding market today. It shows that the London market was ...
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This chapter describes the pre-World War I London market for sovereign bonds issued by emerging countries, and compares it with the corresponding market today. It shows that the London market was large, active, and liquid, far larger than the corresponding market of today. Moreover, investors were able to rely on timely and comprehensive information regarding borrowing countries. The chapter then discusses the construction of the data sets used in the book, and analyzes the behavior of bond spreads in the historical and modern samples.Less
This chapter describes the pre-World War I London market for sovereign bonds issued by emerging countries, and compares it with the corresponding market today. It shows that the London market was large, active, and liquid, far larger than the corresponding market of today. Moreover, investors were able to rely on timely and comprehensive information regarding borrowing countries. The chapter then discusses the construction of the data sets used in the book, and analyzes the behavior of bond spreads in the historical and modern samples.
Bernard Gert, Charles M. Culver, and K. Danner Clouser
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195159066
- eISBN:
- 9780199786466
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195159063.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from ...
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This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. It defends this definition from the criticisms of Jerome Wakefield and others, and explains why the DSM account of the paraphilias continues to change from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. An account of volitional disabilities and a classification of actions that distinguishes between intentional, voluntary, and free actions are also provided.Less
This chapter shows that the book’s account of malady generates the objective account of mental disorders that has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. It defends this definition from the criticisms of Jerome Wakefield and others, and explains why the DSM account of the paraphilias continues to change from DSM III R to DSM IV TR. An account of volitional disabilities and a classification of actions that distinguishes between intentional, voluntary, and free actions are also provided.
Leah Price
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691114170
- eISBN:
- 9781400842186
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691114170.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This book asks how our culture came to frown on using books for any purpose other than reading. When did the coffee-table book become an object of scorn? Why did law courts forbid witnesses to kiss ...
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This book asks how our culture came to frown on using books for any purpose other than reading. When did the coffee-table book become an object of scorn? Why did law courts forbid witnesses to kiss the Bible? What made Victorian cartoonists mock commuters who hid behind the newspaper, ladies who matched their books' binding to their dress, and servants who reduced newspapers to fish n' chips wrap? Shedding new light on novels by Thackeray, Dickens, the Brontës, Trollope, and Collins, as well as the urban sociology of Henry Mayhew, the book also uncovers the lives and afterlives of anonymous religious tracts and household manuals. From knickknacks to wastepaper, books mattered to the Victorians in ways that cannot be explained by their printed content alone. And whether displayed, defaced, exchanged, or discarded, printed matter participated, and still participates, in a range of transactions that stretches far beyond reading. Supplementing close readings with a sensitive reconstruction of how Victorians thought and felt about books, this book offers a new model for integrating literary theory with cultural history. The book reshapes our understanding of the interplay between words and objects in the nineteenth century and beyond.Less
This book asks how our culture came to frown on using books for any purpose other than reading. When did the coffee-table book become an object of scorn? Why did law courts forbid witnesses to kiss the Bible? What made Victorian cartoonists mock commuters who hid behind the newspaper, ladies who matched their books' binding to their dress, and servants who reduced newspapers to fish n' chips wrap? Shedding new light on novels by Thackeray, Dickens, the Brontës, Trollope, and Collins, as well as the urban sociology of Henry Mayhew, the book also uncovers the lives and afterlives of anonymous religious tracts and household manuals. From knickknacks to wastepaper, books mattered to the Victorians in ways that cannot be explained by their printed content alone. And whether displayed, defaced, exchanged, or discarded, printed matter participated, and still participates, in a range of transactions that stretches far beyond reading. Supplementing close readings with a sensitive reconstruction of how Victorians thought and felt about books, this book offers a new model for integrating literary theory with cultural history. The book reshapes our understanding of the interplay between words and objects in the nineteenth century and beyond.
Doreen Kimura
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195054927
- eISBN:
- 9780199872268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195054927.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
This chapter examines manual sign language disorders following pathology to the brain. Disorders in manual sign language occur following pathology to the left hemisphere in right-handers. These ...
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This chapter examines manual sign language disorders following pathology to the brain. Disorders in manual sign language occur following pathology to the left hemisphere in right-handers. These disorders show characteristics similar to those of manual apraxia — bilaterality of the disorder, the generation of amorphous movements, perseveration, the substitution of one movement within a category for another, and so forth. Despite the highly visual nature of signing, comprehension of signs is affected by left cerebral damage rather than by right cerebral damage. This is true even when right-hemisphere pathology results in gross left-sided neglect of space, suggesting that the processing of such movements is not achieved by the same systems representing external space. Within the limits of current knowledge, the neuroanatomic areas affected in manual signing disorders appear to be the same as those affected in manual apraxia.Less
This chapter examines manual sign language disorders following pathology to the brain. Disorders in manual sign language occur following pathology to the left hemisphere in right-handers. These disorders show characteristics similar to those of manual apraxia — bilaterality of the disorder, the generation of amorphous movements, perseveration, the substitution of one movement within a category for another, and so forth. Despite the highly visual nature of signing, comprehension of signs is affected by left cerebral damage rather than by right cerebral damage. This is true even when right-hemisphere pathology results in gross left-sided neglect of space, suggesting that the processing of such movements is not achieved by the same systems representing external space. Within the limits of current knowledge, the neuroanatomic areas affected in manual signing disorders appear to be the same as those affected in manual apraxia.
Hera Cook
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199252183
- eISBN:
- 9780191719240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199252183.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter re-analyses existing statistical sources to explain the underlying transformation and disruption of existing ways of living that occurred as a result of the astonishing reduction in risk ...
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This chapter re-analyses existing statistical sources to explain the underlying transformation and disruption of existing ways of living that occurred as a result of the astonishing reduction in risk of pregnancy brought about by the Pill and legal abortion, and the accompanying collapse of restraints on young women's sexual behaviour. It shows that the greater autonomy that female controlled contraception made possible reached directly into the lives of the vast majority of English women. Over 80% of British women of reproductive age since the early 1960s have taken the Pill.Less
This chapter re-analyses existing statistical sources to explain the underlying transformation and disruption of existing ways of living that occurred as a result of the astonishing reduction in risk of pregnancy brought about by the Pill and legal abortion, and the accompanying collapse of restraints on young women's sexual behaviour. It shows that the greater autonomy that female controlled contraception made possible reached directly into the lives of the vast majority of English women. Over 80% of British women of reproductive age since the early 1960s have taken the Pill.
Henry Phelps Brown
- Published in print:
- 1979
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198851202
- eISBN:
- 9780191596780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198851200.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter surveys the changes that have come about in pay structure in the course of time and, together with the next chapter (which surveys occupational pay structure in various types of ...
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This chapter surveys the changes that have come about in pay structure in the course of time and, together with the next chapter (which surveys occupational pay structure in various types of economy), brings out the interconnection between pay structure and social structure that is formed by status and class. The different sections of this chapter are: Changes in the differential for manual skill; Changes in the relations between the pay for white‐collar and for manual occupations; Changes in the relative pay of occupations linked with particular industries; and The influence of trade unions on occupational differentials. The last section reviews and discusses the material presented, drawing out six main points.Less
This chapter surveys the changes that have come about in pay structure in the course of time and, together with the next chapter (which surveys occupational pay structure in various types of economy), brings out the interconnection between pay structure and social structure that is formed by status and class. The different sections of this chapter are: Changes in the differential for manual skill; Changes in the relations between the pay for white‐collar and for manual occupations; Changes in the relative pay of occupations linked with particular industries; and The influence of trade unions on occupational differentials. The last section reviews and discusses the material presented, drawing out six main points.
Michael C. Corballis
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263112
- eISBN:
- 9780191734885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263112.003.0008
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This chapter describes the relevance of cerebral asymmetry. Although cerebral asymmetries abound in non-human animals, there are still reasons to suppose that there may have been a single-gene ...
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This chapter describes the relevance of cerebral asymmetry. Although cerebral asymmetries abound in non-human animals, there are still reasons to suppose that there may have been a single-gene mutation producing a ‘dextral’ (D) allele, which created a strong bias toward right-handedness and left-cerebral dominance for language at some point in hominid evolution. The alternative ‘chance’ (C) allele is presumed directionally neutral, although there may be other influences producing weak population manual and cerebral asymmetries in the absence of the D allele. The discussion argues that language evolved from manual gestures, and the D allele may have served to guarantee manual and vocal control in the same (left) hemisphere in the majority of humans. The ‘speciation event’ that distinguished Homo sapiens from other large-brained hominids might be as witch from a predominantly gestural to a vocal form of language.Less
This chapter describes the relevance of cerebral asymmetry. Although cerebral asymmetries abound in non-human animals, there are still reasons to suppose that there may have been a single-gene mutation producing a ‘dextral’ (D) allele, which created a strong bias toward right-handedness and left-cerebral dominance for language at some point in hominid evolution. The alternative ‘chance’ (C) allele is presumed directionally neutral, although there may be other influences producing weak population manual and cerebral asymmetries in the absence of the D allele. The discussion argues that language evolved from manual gestures, and the D allele may have served to guarantee manual and vocal control in the same (left) hemisphere in the majority of humans. The ‘speciation event’ that distinguished Homo sapiens from other large-brained hominids might be as witch from a predominantly gestural to a vocal form of language.
Riitta Salmelin and Lauri Parkkonen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307238
- eISBN:
- 9780199863990
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307238.003.0004
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Techniques
This chapter discusses the design of neuroimaging experiments. In the design of efficient functional neuroimaging experiments the following needs to be considered: (i) the dynamics of the measured ...
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This chapter discusses the design of neuroimaging experiments. In the design of efficient functional neuroimaging experiments the following needs to be considered: (i) the dynamics of the measured neural variable and (ii) the rate at which this variable can be sampled. MEG studies do not readily accommodate an approach frequently applied in functional magnetic resonance imaging/positron emission tomography (fMRI/PET) studies, in which it is assumed that, for example, when the same type of manual response has been given in two tasks, those tasks can be directly contrasted and the movement effects so removed. MEG data may well reveal that particularly the timing of the neural processes leading to the manual response, and the sensorimotor activation itself, are influenced by the experimental condition. This great advantage (or curse, depending on the situation) of the MEG method has to be kept in mind when designing and piloting new experiments.Less
This chapter discusses the design of neuroimaging experiments. In the design of efficient functional neuroimaging experiments the following needs to be considered: (i) the dynamics of the measured neural variable and (ii) the rate at which this variable can be sampled. MEG studies do not readily accommodate an approach frequently applied in functional magnetic resonance imaging/positron emission tomography (fMRI/PET) studies, in which it is assumed that, for example, when the same type of manual response has been given in two tasks, those tasks can be directly contrasted and the movement effects so removed. MEG data may well reveal that particularly the timing of the neural processes leading to the manual response, and the sensorimotor activation itself, are influenced by the experimental condition. This great advantage (or curse, depending on the situation) of the MEG method has to be kept in mind when designing and piloting new experiments.
Indira Ghose
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719076923
- eISBN:
- 9781781700983
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719076923.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This book examines laughter in the Shakespearean theatre, in the context of a cultural history of early modern laughter, and looks at various strands of the early modern discourse on laughter, ...
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This book examines laughter in the Shakespearean theatre, in the context of a cultural history of early modern laughter, and looks at various strands of the early modern discourse on laughter, ranging from medical treatises and courtesy manuals to Puritan tracts and jestbook literature. It argues that few cultural phenomena have undergone as radical a change in meaning as laughter, a paradigm shift that can be traced back to the early modern period, which saw some remarkable changes in the culture of laughter. Hitherto, laughter had been mainly regarded as a social corrective that mocked those who transgressed societal norms. The evolving cult of courtly manners that spread throughout Renaissance Europe stigmatised derisive laughter as a sign of vulgarity. Laughter became bound up with questions of taste and class identity. At the same time, humanist thinkers revalorised the status of recreation and pleasure. These developments left their trace on the early modern theatre, where laughter was retailed as a commodity in an emerging entertainment industry. William Shakespeare's plays both reflect and shape these changes, particularly in his adaptation of the Erasmian wise fool as a stage figure and in the sceptical strain of thought that is encapsulated in the laughter evoked in the plays.Less
This book examines laughter in the Shakespearean theatre, in the context of a cultural history of early modern laughter, and looks at various strands of the early modern discourse on laughter, ranging from medical treatises and courtesy manuals to Puritan tracts and jestbook literature. It argues that few cultural phenomena have undergone as radical a change in meaning as laughter, a paradigm shift that can be traced back to the early modern period, which saw some remarkable changes in the culture of laughter. Hitherto, laughter had been mainly regarded as a social corrective that mocked those who transgressed societal norms. The evolving cult of courtly manners that spread throughout Renaissance Europe stigmatised derisive laughter as a sign of vulgarity. Laughter became bound up with questions of taste and class identity. At the same time, humanist thinkers revalorised the status of recreation and pleasure. These developments left their trace on the early modern theatre, where laughter was retailed as a commodity in an emerging entertainment industry. William Shakespeare's plays both reflect and shape these changes, particularly in his adaptation of the Erasmian wise fool as a stage figure and in the sceptical strain of thought that is encapsulated in the laughter evoked in the plays.
Doreen Kimura
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195054927
- eISBN:
- 9780199872268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195054927.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
This chapter examines manual apraxia, which refers to the difficulty in carrying out movements with the hands and arms which is not due to weakness or immobility. Topics covered include the ...
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This chapter examines manual apraxia, which refers to the difficulty in carrying out movements with the hands and arms which is not due to weakness or immobility. Topics covered include the characteristics of manual apraxia, motor systems in praxic control, the nature of praxic control mechanisms, and types of apraxia.Less
This chapter examines manual apraxia, which refers to the difficulty in carrying out movements with the hands and arms which is not due to weakness or immobility. Topics covered include the characteristics of manual apraxia, motor systems in praxic control, the nature of praxic control mechanisms, and types of apraxia.
Lynette A. Jones and Susan J. Lederman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173154
- eISBN:
- 9780199786749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173154.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
The results of fundamental research on human hand function offer valuable information about the capacities and limitations of the human user. Such information may be directed toward the solution of a ...
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The results of fundamental research on human hand function offer valuable information about the capacities and limitations of the human user. Such information may be directed toward the solution of a number of real-world problems that depend on the sense of touch and manual dexterity. This chapter addresses five application domains that have been selected because of the critical mass of scientific results that are relevant to these topics. These include the evaluation of hand function and rehabilitation, language communication with the hand, sensory communication systems for the blind, haptic interfaces, and exploring art by touch. In each case, a description of the application domain is offered, followed by consideration of design issues and possible implications of selected research findings.Less
The results of fundamental research on human hand function offer valuable information about the capacities and limitations of the human user. Such information may be directed toward the solution of a number of real-world problems that depend on the sense of touch and manual dexterity. This chapter addresses five application domains that have been selected because of the critical mass of scientific results that are relevant to these topics. These include the evaluation of hand function and rehabilitation, language communication with the hand, sensory communication systems for the blind, haptic interfaces, and exploring art by touch. In each case, a description of the application domain is offered, followed by consideration of design issues and possible implications of selected research findings.
John Andreas Olsen and Martin van Creveld
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199599486
- eISBN:
- 9780191595806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599486.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Theory
Operational art is currently taught at most command and staff colleges throughout the Western world. Military colleges and operational headquarters abound with manuals, procedures, and checklists for ...
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Operational art is currently taught at most command and staff colleges throughout the Western world. Military colleges and operational headquarters abound with manuals, procedures, and checklists for dealing with the operational level of war and operational art. These materials provide a common, coherent set of references covering a logical framework, proven methodologies, and a standardized vocabulary. They must nevertheless be accompanied by records and analyses of campaigns that define important milestones in the evolution of operational art: not only the flashes of genius and intellectual apexes, but also the periods devoid of creative thinking; not only successful campaigns, but also those that lacked appropriate theoretical underpinnings or operational excellence. This book is intended to provide military professionals, officer‐scholars, and graduate students the wider framework and contextualization of operational art by tracing its roots and development in various countries.Less
Operational art is currently taught at most command and staff colleges throughout the Western world. Military colleges and operational headquarters abound with manuals, procedures, and checklists for dealing with the operational level of war and operational art. These materials provide a common, coherent set of references covering a logical framework, proven methodologies, and a standardized vocabulary. They must nevertheless be accompanied by records and analyses of campaigns that define important milestones in the evolution of operational art: not only the flashes of genius and intellectual apexes, but also the periods devoid of creative thinking; not only successful campaigns, but also those that lacked appropriate theoretical underpinnings or operational excellence. This book is intended to provide military professionals, officer‐scholars, and graduate students the wider framework and contextualization of operational art by tracing its roots and development in various countries.
Lynette A. Jones and Susan J. Lederman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173154
- eISBN:
- 9780199786749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173154.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
This chapter addresses human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve active haptic sensing, another form of manual sensing that relies on cutaneous inputs from ...
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This chapter addresses human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve active haptic sensing, another form of manual sensing that relies on cutaneous inputs from the skin in combination with kinesthetic inputs derived from active use of our muscles, tendons, and joints. Many of the tasks related to tactile sensing are relevant to the discussion of active haptic sensing, because the latter also involves the stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Other key topics in this chapter involve the nature of manual exploration and the manner in which it constrains and enhances haptic perception of raised two- and three-dimensional objects and their material and geometric properties. Finally, performance via direct touch is compared to that achieved by indirect touch, in which the observer remotely explores the environment using intermediate links (e.g., probes) held in the hand.Less
This chapter addresses human hand functions based on performance of manual tasks that specifically involve active haptic sensing, another form of manual sensing that relies on cutaneous inputs from the skin in combination with kinesthetic inputs derived from active use of our muscles, tendons, and joints. Many of the tasks related to tactile sensing are relevant to the discussion of active haptic sensing, because the latter also involves the stimulation of cutaneous receptors. Other key topics in this chapter involve the nature of manual exploration and the manner in which it constrains and enhances haptic perception of raised two- and three-dimensional objects and their material and geometric properties. Finally, performance via direct touch is compared to that achieved by indirect touch, in which the observer remotely explores the environment using intermediate links (e.g., probes) held in the hand.
Doreen Kimura
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195054927
- eISBN:
- 9780199872268
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195054927.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Neuropsychology
This chapter examines sex differences in brain organization for speech and for manual programming and constructional function. Sex differences in the lateralization of function are relatively minor. ...
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This chapter examines sex differences in brain organization for speech and for manual programming and constructional function. Sex differences in the lateralization of function are relatively minor. A more compelling sex difference exists in the intrahemispheric organization of function. For women, the anterior region in the left hemisphere appears to be critical for speech and manual praxic function. The pattern in males shows a more even distribution of these functions across the two brain sectors, but if anything favors the posterior region, particularly for manual function. For constructional tasks, which sample both right- and left-hemisphere function, the anterior regions are again the more critical in women. These findings may relate to sexual dimorphism in human abilities, with males generally having better abilities relating to distance information and females to intrapersonal space.Less
This chapter examines sex differences in brain organization for speech and for manual programming and constructional function. Sex differences in the lateralization of function are relatively minor. A more compelling sex difference exists in the intrahemispheric organization of function. For women, the anterior region in the left hemisphere appears to be critical for speech and manual praxic function. The pattern in males shows a more even distribution of these functions across the two brain sectors, but if anything favors the posterior region, particularly for manual function. For constructional tasks, which sample both right- and left-hemisphere function, the anterior regions are again the more critical in women. These findings may relate to sexual dimorphism in human abilities, with males generally having better abilities relating to distance information and females to intrapersonal space.
Sarah M. S. Pearsall
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199532995
- eISBN:
- 9780191714443
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532995.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter defines the concept of familiarity, a means by which even individuals not related by family could achieve family-like relationships. Such familiarity — distinguished from either ...
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This chapter defines the concept of familiarity, a means by which even individuals not related by family could achieve family-like relationships. Such familiarity — distinguished from either politeness or intimacy — allowed individuals adrift to join other circles and so find the support they implied. The chapter enumerates the ways familiarity could be established among non-family members by such means as the education and care of a child, or courtship and marriage. Letters helped to carve out a space of familiarity, even when distance separated family members, and forced them to rely on non-family members. Many printed letters, in epistolary manuals (such as The Complete Letter Writer), epistolary novels (such as Samuel Richardson's Pamela), and letter collections (such as that by Lord Chesterfield) helped to popularize this tone of familiarity. Family letters were a critical means of forging familiarity, and they did so in their tones and style, as well as their substance.Less
This chapter defines the concept of familiarity, a means by which even individuals not related by family could achieve family-like relationships. Such familiarity — distinguished from either politeness or intimacy — allowed individuals adrift to join other circles and so find the support they implied. The chapter enumerates the ways familiarity could be established among non-family members by such means as the education and care of a child, or courtship and marriage. Letters helped to carve out a space of familiarity, even when distance separated family members, and forced them to rely on non-family members. Many printed letters, in epistolary manuals (such as The Complete Letter Writer), epistolary novels (such as Samuel Richardson's Pamela), and letter collections (such as that by Lord Chesterfield) helped to popularize this tone of familiarity. Family letters were a critical means of forging familiarity, and they did so in their tones and style, as well as their substance.
Phyllis Solomon, Mary M. Cavanaugh, and Jeffrey Draine
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195333190
- eISBN:
- 9780199864317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333190.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Chapter 3 discusses the requisite research necessary for designing and conducting a full-scale RCT. Preliminary efforts include assessing and negotiating within possible settings, assessing the ...
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Chapter 3 discusses the requisite research necessary for designing and conducting a full-scale RCT. Preliminary efforts include assessing and negotiating within possible settings, assessing the likelihood of agency/provider cooperation and level of engagement, gauging the capability of providers in executing the interventions, determining the availability of potential study participants, and tracking the flow of participants in and out of a preliminary (pilot) research study. Other topics include: developing recruitment procedures and ways to plan for the engagement and retention of study participants, with a particular emphasis on culturally-competent recruitment. Consideration is given to the identification, modification, and development of intervention manuals, workbooks, and educational curriculum as well as methods for fidelity assessment. Particular attention is focused on planning for the design of the RCT, as well as on the importance of ensuring the feasibility of the RCT through essential pilot work and pipeline assessment.Less
Chapter 3 discusses the requisite research necessary for designing and conducting a full-scale RCT. Preliminary efforts include assessing and negotiating within possible settings, assessing the likelihood of agency/provider cooperation and level of engagement, gauging the capability of providers in executing the interventions, determining the availability of potential study participants, and tracking the flow of participants in and out of a preliminary (pilot) research study. Other topics include: developing recruitment procedures and ways to plan for the engagement and retention of study participants, with a particular emphasis on culturally-competent recruitment. Consideration is given to the identification, modification, and development of intervention manuals, workbooks, and educational curriculum as well as methods for fidelity assessment. Particular attention is focused on planning for the design of the RCT, as well as on the importance of ensuring the feasibility of the RCT through essential pilot work and pipeline assessment.
Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199777594
- eISBN:
- 9780199919048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199777594.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter, which has been abridged from the Marathi original, presents a variety of attempts that Brāhmaṇ pandits and Vedic scholars have made to induct Viṭṭhal and his cult into more ...
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This chapter, which has been abridged from the Marathi original, presents a variety of attempts that Brāhmaṇ pandits and Vedic scholars have made to induct Viṭṭhal and his cult into more Brāhmaṇical-orthodox, Sanskritic, and even Vedic traditions. The chapter discusses a ritual that was performed until very recently to purify Viṭṭhal from the pollution arising from repeated contact with his many devotees of various castes; the life story of an extremely orthoprax worshipper of Viṭṭhal, who was so insistent on purity that he deprived the god of a water-offering and left him thirsty; a scholarly attempt to interpret a particular Vedic hymn as referring to Viṭṭhal; the performance of Vedic sacrifices in Pandharpur; and the proliferation of Sanskrit and Marathi manuals giving instructions for performing Brāhmaṇical pilgrimage rituals there.Less
This chapter, which has been abridged from the Marathi original, presents a variety of attempts that Brāhmaṇ pandits and Vedic scholars have made to induct Viṭṭhal and his cult into more Brāhmaṇical-orthodox, Sanskritic, and even Vedic traditions. The chapter discusses a ritual that was performed until very recently to purify Viṭṭhal from the pollution arising from repeated contact with his many devotees of various castes; the life story of an extremely orthoprax worshipper of Viṭṭhal, who was so insistent on purity that he deprived the god of a water-offering and left him thirsty; a scholarly attempt to interpret a particular Vedic hymn as referring to Viṭṭhal; the performance of Vedic sacrifices in Pandharpur; and the proliferation of Sanskrit and Marathi manuals giving instructions for performing Brāhmaṇical pilgrimage rituals there.
Richard A. Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398090
- eISBN:
- 9780199776900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398090.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter examines the recent rise in the use of antidepressant medications as well as the growing emphasis on biomedical explanations for depression. The chapter presents the history of ...
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This chapter examines the recent rise in the use of antidepressant medications as well as the growing emphasis on biomedical explanations for depression. The chapter presents the history of antidepressant medications and changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual as well as an analysis of the shift in the treatment of depression from psychotherapy to drugs. The author provides an overview of evidence for social factors in the origin of depression and argues that social models of depression have been marginalized by the dominance of biomedical discourse and practices. The chapter looks at the gaps in current scientific understanding of what constitutes effective treatment for depression. The chapter also discusses implications for depression treatment that considers the broader social environment and that acknowledges the effects of life stress and trauma.Less
This chapter examines the recent rise in the use of antidepressant medications as well as the growing emphasis on biomedical explanations for depression. The chapter presents the history of antidepressant medications and changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual as well as an analysis of the shift in the treatment of depression from psychotherapy to drugs. The author provides an overview of evidence for social factors in the origin of depression and argues that social models of depression have been marginalized by the dominance of biomedical discourse and practices. The chapter looks at the gaps in current scientific understanding of what constitutes effective treatment for depression. The chapter also discusses implications for depression treatment that considers the broader social environment and that acknowledges the effects of life stress and trauma.
Roger Carpenter and John Robson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198523192
- eISBN:
- 9780191688850
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523192.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Vision research is one of the largest and most active areas within brain research. Psychologists, neuroscientists, opthamologists and optometrists, computer scientists, and engineers all have an ...
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Vision research is one of the largest and most active areas within brain research. Psychologists, neuroscientists, opthamologists and optometrists, computer scientists, and engineers all have an interest in the practical side of the subject. This book is an accessible laboratory manual for anyone engaged in vision research. Spanning methods used across the breadth of vision research, it provides detailed protocols and advice on experimental techniques and procedures, as well as useful background information currently scattered in the literature.Less
Vision research is one of the largest and most active areas within brain research. Psychologists, neuroscientists, opthamologists and optometrists, computer scientists, and engineers all have an interest in the practical side of the subject. This book is an accessible laboratory manual for anyone engaged in vision research. Spanning methods used across the breadth of vision research, it provides detailed protocols and advice on experimental techniques and procedures, as well as useful background information currently scattered in the literature.
