Jonathan Hopkin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199257560
- eISBN:
- 9780191603280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199257566.003.0018
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Spain has a PR system that has not been particularly proportional. The main reason is that its 50 historic provinces (dating from 1833) were chosen as the electoral districts, and these provinces ...
More
Spain has a PR system that has not been particularly proportional. The main reason is that its 50 historic provinces (dating from 1833) were chosen as the electoral districts, and these provinces took no account of subsequent demographic changes. Thus, many of Spain’s districts are too small to achieve even reasonable proportionality, and the system as a whole is very malapportioned. Voters choose a party and not a candidate. The electoral rules have contributed to the success of non-statewide parties, but made life very difficult for small- and medium-sized statewide parties.Less
Spain has a PR system that has not been particularly proportional. The main reason is that its 50 historic provinces (dating from 1833) were chosen as the electoral districts, and these provinces took no account of subsequent demographic changes. Thus, many of Spain’s districts are too small to achieve even reasonable proportionality, and the system as a whole is very malapportioned. Voters choose a party and not a candidate. The electoral rules have contributed to the success of non-statewide parties, but made life very difficult for small- and medium-sized statewide parties.
Arend Lijphart
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273479
- eISBN:
- 9780191684050
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273479.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines the influence of electoral system variables on disproportionality and various party system characteristics using comparable-case, cross-tabulation and regression analyses. These ...
More
This chapter examines the influence of electoral system variables on disproportionality and various party system characteristics using comparable-case, cross-tabulation and regression analyses. These variables are ballot structure, apparentement, presidentialism, and malapportionment. The findings reveal that apparentement, ballot structure, and presidentialism are the most important influences on party system and disproportionality. The chapter concludes that of the all dependent variables, disproportionality can be best explained by the dimensions of the election system and that of all of the explanatory variables, the effective threshold is by far the best explainer.Less
This chapter examines the influence of electoral system variables on disproportionality and various party system characteristics using comparable-case, cross-tabulation and regression analyses. These variables are ballot structure, apparentement, presidentialism, and malapportionment. The findings reveal that apparentement, ballot structure, and presidentialism are the most important influences on party system and disproportionality. The chapter concludes that of the all dependent variables, disproportionality can be best explained by the dimensions of the election system and that of all of the explanatory variables, the effective threshold is by far the best explainer.
Mary E. Adkins
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062853
- eISBN:
- 9780813051802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062853.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter describes the Supreme Court’s actions on reapportionment cases nationally in the early 1960s when all states were malapportioned, and the Court’s movement toward the one-man-one-vote ...
More
This chapter describes the Supreme Court’s actions on reapportionment cases nationally in the early 1960s when all states were malapportioned, and the Court’s movement toward the one-man-one-vote requirement. It puts the Florida malapportionment problem in the national perspective. It also describes how the Florida legislators decried the intrusion of the U.S. Supreme Court into state affairs, and how the Florida Supreme Court’s defiance of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions on civil rights and social reform, prominently including Justice Harold “Tom” Sebring’s role in the Virgil Hawkins cases, actually invited the U.S. Supreme Court to intrude, bypass Florida government, and rule directly on Florida’s apportionment.Less
This chapter describes the Supreme Court’s actions on reapportionment cases nationally in the early 1960s when all states were malapportioned, and the Court’s movement toward the one-man-one-vote requirement. It puts the Florida malapportionment problem in the national perspective. It also describes how the Florida legislators decried the intrusion of the U.S. Supreme Court into state affairs, and how the Florida Supreme Court’s defiance of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions on civil rights and social reform, prominently including Justice Harold “Tom” Sebring’s role in the Virgil Hawkins cases, actually invited the U.S. Supreme Court to intrude, bypass Florida government, and rule directly on Florida’s apportionment.
Lackland H. Bloom
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199765881
- eISBN:
- 9780199366903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765881.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
The Reapportionment Cases resulted in one of the most significant changes in political power in American history. By 1960, virtually all state legislatures were grossly malapportioned on account of ...
More
The Reapportionment Cases resulted in one of the most significant changes in political power in American history. By 1960, virtually all state legislatures were grossly malapportioned on account of demographic shifts from rural to urban and suburban areas that had not been corrected through reapportionment. As a result, thinly populated rural areas exercised disproportionate political power. In Baker v Carr, the majority rejected the contention that reapportionment of legislative bodies presented a political question unfit for judicial resolution. In Reynolds v Simms, the Court held that the Equal Protection Clause requires population equality in election districts or one person one vote as the standard was characterized. The chapter explains how the reapportionment decisions, despite a lack of textual, historical or precedential support, were readily accepted as expounding well regarded constitutional principle.Less
The Reapportionment Cases resulted in one of the most significant changes in political power in American history. By 1960, virtually all state legislatures were grossly malapportioned on account of demographic shifts from rural to urban and suburban areas that had not been corrected through reapportionment. As a result, thinly populated rural areas exercised disproportionate political power. In Baker v Carr, the majority rejected the contention that reapportionment of legislative bodies presented a political question unfit for judicial resolution. In Reynolds v Simms, the Court held that the Equal Protection Clause requires population equality in election districts or one person one vote as the standard was characterized. The chapter explains how the reapportionment decisions, despite a lack of textual, historical or precedential support, were readily accepted as expounding well regarded constitutional principle.
