Bernard Gert, Charles M. Culver, and K. Danner Clouser
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195159066
- eISBN:
- 9780199786466
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195159063.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
BIOETHICS: A Systematic Approach is an extensive revision of Bioethics: A Return to Fundamentals. The subtitle has changed in order to emphasize that what distinguishes the authors’ ...
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BIOETHICS: A Systematic Approach is an extensive revision of Bioethics: A Return to Fundamentals. The subtitle has changed in order to emphasize that what distinguishes the authors’ approach to bioethics from almost all others is that it is systematic. It applies the account of morality and rationality presented in COMMON MORALITY: Deciding What To Do (2004) and MORALITY: Its Nature and Justification, Revised Edition (2005) to the moral problems that arise in the practice of medicine. The concept of rationality used to justify morality is the same concept that is used to define the concept of malady or disease. The book offers an account of the concept of death, and provides an account of euthanasia that fits within the systematic account of morality and rationality that have been provided. It also shows that this systematic account explains the controversy about the morality of abortion. There are new chapters on moral disagreements, abortion, and on “what doctors must know”, and significant improvements have been made in the treatment of the concepts of consent and malady. An entire chapter is devoted to the concept of mental maladies. Arguments are also developed against principlism and shows how principlism’s authors’ misunderstanding of this view undermines their criticisms.Less
BIOETHICS: A Systematic Approach is an extensive revision of Bioethics: A Return to Fundamentals. The subtitle has changed in order to emphasize that what distinguishes the authors’ approach to bioethics from almost all others is that it is systematic. It applies the account of morality and rationality presented in COMMON MORALITY: Deciding What To Do (2004) and MORALITY: Its Nature and Justification, Revised Edition (2005) to the moral problems that arise in the practice of medicine. The concept of rationality used to justify morality is the same concept that is used to define the concept of malady or disease. The book offers an account of the concept of death, and provides an account of euthanasia that fits within the systematic account of morality and rationality that have been provided. It also shows that this systematic account explains the controversy about the morality of abortion. There are new chapters on moral disagreements, abortion, and on “what doctors must know”, and significant improvements have been made in the treatment of the concepts of consent and malady. An entire chapter is devoted to the concept of mental maladies. Arguments are also developed against principlism and shows how principlism’s authors’ misunderstanding of this view undermines their criticisms.
Bernard Gert
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195176896
- eISBN:
- 9780199835300
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176898.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter provides definitions of goods (benefits) and evils (harms), and presents lists of the basic goods and evils. It establishes the objectivity of the concepts of goods (benefits) and evils ...
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This chapter provides definitions of goods (benefits) and evils (harms), and presents lists of the basic goods and evils. It establishes the objectivity of the concepts of goods (benefits) and evils (harms) by showing how the concepts of reward, punishment, and malady require the use of these concepts. It argues that although there is universal agreement about what the basic goods and basic evils are, there is some rational disagreement on the rankings of these goods and evils.Less
This chapter provides definitions of goods (benefits) and evils (harms), and presents lists of the basic goods and evils. It establishes the objectivity of the concepts of goods (benefits) and evils (harms) by showing how the concepts of reward, punishment, and malady require the use of these concepts. It argues that although there is universal agreement about what the basic goods and basic evils are, there is some rational disagreement on the rankings of these goods and evils.
Michael Freeden
- Published in print:
- 1986
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198229612
- eISBN:
- 9780191678899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198229612.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter focuses on some key issues of liberal social legislation as treated and discussed by the new liberals, rather than by those immediately responsible for them. The second section of this ...
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This chapter focuses on some key issues of liberal social legislation as treated and discussed by the new liberals, rather than by those immediately responsible for them. The second section of this chapter considers old-age pensions. Old-age pensions were primarily among the advanced measures of social reform recommended by liberals. Progressives from all walks of political life agreed on this question and many schemes were circulated in the hope of providing a morally and financially acceptable solution. The third section examines the question of unemployment, always a major issue of social reform. It was a particularly complicated one, there being no single simple solution visible. A third field of social reform in which strong ideological differences arose, and in which the issue of communal duties was thoroughly aired, was the feeding of schoolchildren. The fourth section discusses this. The last two sections consider national insurance and the value of welfare.Less
This chapter focuses on some key issues of liberal social legislation as treated and discussed by the new liberals, rather than by those immediately responsible for them. The second section of this chapter considers old-age pensions. Old-age pensions were primarily among the advanced measures of social reform recommended by liberals. Progressives from all walks of political life agreed on this question and many schemes were circulated in the hope of providing a morally and financially acceptable solution. The third section examines the question of unemployment, always a major issue of social reform. It was a particularly complicated one, there being no single simple solution visible. A third field of social reform in which strong ideological differences arose, and in which the issue of communal duties was thoroughly aired, was the feeding of schoolchildren. The fourth section discusses this. The last two sections consider national insurance and the value of welfare.
Serhat Ünaldi
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888083046
- eISBN:
- 9789882207325
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083046.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter examines queer representation in Thai cinema and the possibilities for the emergence of a movie scene that better reflects the diversity of queer life in Thailand. It examines movies ...
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This chapter examines queer representation in Thai cinema and the possibilities for the emergence of a movie scene that better reflects the diversity of queer life in Thailand. It examines movies with representations of male-to-female transgender kathoeys and male homosexuals, although tom-dee lesbians also appear in a number of the films. The movies considered are divided, first into a group of mainstream films produced by Thailand's major studios—Iron Ladies 1 and Iron Ladies 2 (2000 and 2003), Saving Private Tootsie (2002), Beautiful Boxer (2003), The Last Song (2006), Metrosexual (2006), Me . . . Myself (2007)—and second, into the category of independent films including Tropical Malady (2004), Rainbow Boys (2005), and Silom Soi (2006).Less
This chapter examines queer representation in Thai cinema and the possibilities for the emergence of a movie scene that better reflects the diversity of queer life in Thailand. It examines movies with representations of male-to-female transgender kathoeys and male homosexuals, although tom-dee lesbians also appear in a number of the films. The movies considered are divided, first into a group of mainstream films produced by Thailand's major studios—Iron Ladies 1 and Iron Ladies 2 (2000 and 2003), Saving Private Tootsie (2002), Beautiful Boxer (2003), The Last Song (2006), Metrosexual (2006), Me . . . Myself (2007)—and second, into the category of independent films including Tropical Malady (2004), Rainbow Boys (2005), and Silom Soi (2006).
G. Kelly James
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195173796
- eISBN:
- 9780199847631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173796.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
The Wellness topic has significance for the analysis of risk and protective factors—currently of interest to prevention research investigators. The longstanding tradition of emphasizing ...
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The Wellness topic has significance for the analysis of risk and protective factors—currently of interest to prevention research investigators. The longstanding tradition of emphasizing epidemiological research for risk factors such as abuse of substances, limited educational achievement, and the pernicious influences of various forms of social and racial discrimination has established connections between the above factors and the expression of psychological maladies. Devoting time and energy to the study of wellness is not simply a scrutiny of the absence of illness. Since the study of illness has been such a priority and so commanding of our attention for so long, it will take some doing to begin anew. This chapter describes five ideas to assist this shift in point of view. These ideas reconceptualize how inquiries can be conceived and carried out. New criteria and new premises are employed; a different epistemology is invoked.Less
The Wellness topic has significance for the analysis of risk and protective factors—currently of interest to prevention research investigators. The longstanding tradition of emphasizing epidemiological research for risk factors such as abuse of substances, limited educational achievement, and the pernicious influences of various forms of social and racial discrimination has established connections between the above factors and the expression of psychological maladies. Devoting time and energy to the study of wellness is not simply a scrutiny of the absence of illness. Since the study of illness has been such a priority and so commanding of our attention for so long, it will take some doing to begin anew. This chapter describes five ideas to assist this shift in point of view. These ideas reconceptualize how inquiries can be conceived and carried out. New criteria and new premises are employed; a different epistemology is invoked.
Jason Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774162879
- eISBN:
- 9781617970214
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774162879.003.0013
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
Lane spent three more months in Cairo, after returning from Nubia at the end of 1827. Illness was certainly a factor for his gastrointestinal infection and other maladies stubbornly persisted, but ...
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Lane spent three more months in Cairo, after returning from Nubia at the end of 1827. Illness was certainly a factor for his gastrointestinal infection and other maladies stubbornly persisted, but one of the most important of the “other circumstances” was the acquisition of a young female slave named Nefeeseh. If memory served her correctly later, her name had originally been Anastasia, but she became Nefeeseh. Nefeeseh was a Greek girl. There was no question of Nefeeseh being Lane's slave; she became his mascot, younger sister, daughter, or pleasant child companion. Lane was not the only one of his colleagues to acquire a slave, but none of the others acted out of compassion except Hay, and even he may not have done so at first. Buying a female Greek slave and placing her with a friend were entirely in character for Hay.Less
Lane spent three more months in Cairo, after returning from Nubia at the end of 1827. Illness was certainly a factor for his gastrointestinal infection and other maladies stubbornly persisted, but one of the most important of the “other circumstances” was the acquisition of a young female slave named Nefeeseh. If memory served her correctly later, her name had originally been Anastasia, but she became Nefeeseh. Nefeeseh was a Greek girl. There was no question of Nefeeseh being Lane's slave; she became his mascot, younger sister, daughter, or pleasant child companion. Lane was not the only one of his colleagues to acquire a slave, but none of the others acted out of compassion except Hay, and even he may not have done so at first. Buying a female Greek slave and placing her with a friend were entirely in character for Hay.
Dudley Andrew
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099845
- eISBN:
- 9789882206731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099845.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter focuses on the growing number of horror films across East Asia. It highlights Ringu (1998), a film which incorporates local and aesthetic preferences in a manner that thrilled audiences ...
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This chapter focuses on the growing number of horror films across East Asia. It highlights Ringu (1998), a film which incorporates local and aesthetic preferences in a manner that thrilled audiences throughout East Asia and is considered as the origin of a powerful Asian cycle of ghost films. The chapter also examines box office films in the ghost genre, such as Double Vision (2002), Sorum (2001), A Single Spark (1995), 3-Iron (2004), and Tropical Malady (2004).Less
This chapter focuses on the growing number of horror films across East Asia. It highlights Ringu (1998), a film which incorporates local and aesthetic preferences in a manner that thrilled audiences throughout East Asia and is considered as the origin of a powerful Asian cycle of ghost films. The chapter also examines box office films in the ghost genre, such as Double Vision (2002), Sorum (2001), A Single Spark (1995), 3-Iron (2004), and Tropical Malady (2004).
Stefania Pandolfo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226464923
- eISBN:
- 9780226465111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226465111.003.0015
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter analyzes the metaphysical sites of the maladies and medicines of the soul, as well as questions of natural medicine and its relation to therapy.
This chapter analyzes the metaphysical sites of the maladies and medicines of the soul, as well as questions of natural medicine and its relation to therapy.
Rebecca Cawood McIntyre
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813036953
- eISBN:
- 9780813038667
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036953.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
In 1895, Julian Ralph, New York travel writer and southern booster, penned an article in Harper's New Monthly Magazine recounting his adventures in Biloxi, Mississippi. Describing the “peculiar ...
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In 1895, Julian Ralph, New York travel writer and southern booster, penned an article in Harper's New Monthly Magazine recounting his adventures in Biloxi, Mississippi. Describing the “peculiar charms” of this picturesque village, Ralph warned his northern readers of a malady the locals called “Biloxi fever”, an illness that sooner or later afflicted anyone who came to the town. The symptoms of Biloxi fever, assured Ralph, were easy to detect. While obviously tongue-in-cheek, Ralph's emphasis on leisure in Biloxi, nonetheless, typified how northern promoters pitched the lazy pleasures of a southern vacation to their middle-class readers in the North in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth century. Tourism in the United States, though, did not invent a leisurely South as variations of the myth had existed since the colonial era.Less
In 1895, Julian Ralph, New York travel writer and southern booster, penned an article in Harper's New Monthly Magazine recounting his adventures in Biloxi, Mississippi. Describing the “peculiar charms” of this picturesque village, Ralph warned his northern readers of a malady the locals called “Biloxi fever”, an illness that sooner or later afflicted anyone who came to the town. The symptoms of Biloxi fever, assured Ralph, were easy to detect. While obviously tongue-in-cheek, Ralph's emphasis on leisure in Biloxi, nonetheless, typified how northern promoters pitched the lazy pleasures of a southern vacation to their middle-class readers in the North in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth century. Tourism in the United States, though, did not invent a leisurely South as variations of the myth had existed since the colonial era.
C. Daniel Batson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199355549
- eISBN:
- 9780190603700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199355549.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The brief Reprise returns to the moral maladies with which the book began. Psychological processes that might account for various examples of moral failure are suggested, drawing on the standard ...
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The brief Reprise returns to the moral maladies with which the book began. Psychological processes that might account for various examples of moral failure are suggested, drawing on the standard diagnoses of our moral ills-personal deficiency and situational pressure-as well as on the value→emotion→motivation→behavior framework introduced in Chapter 1 and developed in Chapters 4–6. The scope of our maladies is most apparent when we face moral decisions in the absence of strong situational pressure. Provided with a little wiggle room, our moral character shows its true face.Less
The brief Reprise returns to the moral maladies with which the book began. Psychological processes that might account for various examples of moral failure are suggested, drawing on the standard diagnoses of our moral ills-personal deficiency and situational pressure-as well as on the value→emotion→motivation→behavior framework introduced in Chapter 1 and developed in Chapters 4–6. The scope of our maladies is most apparent when we face moral decisions in the absence of strong situational pressure. Provided with a little wiggle room, our moral character shows its true face.
John Paul Ricco
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226717777
- eISBN:
- 9780226113371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226113371.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This chapter looks at Marguerite Duras’ short story The Malady of Death and Catherine Breillat's book Pornocracy, and film Anatomy of Hell—the latter two of which are redactions of the Duras story. ...
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This chapter looks at Marguerite Duras’ short story The Malady of Death and Catherine Breillat's book Pornocracy, and film Anatomy of Hell—the latter two of which are redactions of the Duras story. All three works are discussed in terms of their presentation of the scene of naked sharing of bodies and the inappropriable finitude that is impossibly shared between them, right up to death. The bed scenes in the Duras and Breillat are in turn compared with Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson as analysed by Sarah Kofman, and to Felix Gonzalez-Torres’ photographic image of an unmade bed. By providing visual evidence of two bodies having been in the bed but that are no longer present, Gonzalez-Torres's image is an emblematic image for the entire book and its study of the retreat of bodies as retracing the scene of the decision between us as already-unmade and as erotic and funereal, at once.Less
This chapter looks at Marguerite Duras’ short story The Malady of Death and Catherine Breillat's book Pornocracy, and film Anatomy of Hell—the latter two of which are redactions of the Duras story. All three works are discussed in terms of their presentation of the scene of naked sharing of bodies and the inappropriable finitude that is impossibly shared between them, right up to death. The bed scenes in the Duras and Breillat are in turn compared with Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson as analysed by Sarah Kofman, and to Felix Gonzalez-Torres’ photographic image of an unmade bed. By providing visual evidence of two bodies having been in the bed but that are no longer present, Gonzalez-Torres's image is an emblematic image for the entire book and its study of the retreat of bodies as retracing the scene of the decision between us as already-unmade and as erotic and funereal, at once.
Georges Vigarello
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231159760
- eISBN:
- 9780231535304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231159760.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter discusses the increased attention to degrees of bigness and more acute stigmatization of “excesses” during the Enlightenment. Eighteenth-century culture had a different vision of the ...
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This chapter discusses the increased attention to degrees of bigness and more acute stigmatization of “excesses” during the Enlightenment. Eighteenth-century culture had a different vision of the body that was focused less on liquid humors and more on solid fibers, less on vapors and more on the tone and vibrancy of nerves. It wondered more about the origins of life force and had an unprecedented interest in muscle and nerve tensions and in the causes that might lead to softening or relaxation of fibers. A concern for lines and their interlacing displaced the earlier concern for liquids and sacks. In addition to the traditional focus on the compression of blood vessels by fat, there was now a similar alertness to the possible compression of the nerves. This is evident in Samuel Tissot’s study of nervous maladies from 1770. “Excess fat, despite being soft, will produce a compression strong enough to bother the nerves and produce regular swelling.” And conversely, a softening of fibers is said to favor the buildup of fat in tissues. There is one failing that weakens enormous bodies, namely, loss of “vibrancy,” an absence of “tonic force,” a major deficit of reactivity. Powerlessness, in the end, is the fate of the weighted down anatomy. This explains the focus at this time on what is most feared, namely, loss of reproductive faculties and loss of the faculty of reaction.Less
This chapter discusses the increased attention to degrees of bigness and more acute stigmatization of “excesses” during the Enlightenment. Eighteenth-century culture had a different vision of the body that was focused less on liquid humors and more on solid fibers, less on vapors and more on the tone and vibrancy of nerves. It wondered more about the origins of life force and had an unprecedented interest in muscle and nerve tensions and in the causes that might lead to softening or relaxation of fibers. A concern for lines and their interlacing displaced the earlier concern for liquids and sacks. In addition to the traditional focus on the compression of blood vessels by fat, there was now a similar alertness to the possible compression of the nerves. This is evident in Samuel Tissot’s study of nervous maladies from 1770. “Excess fat, despite being soft, will produce a compression strong enough to bother the nerves and produce regular swelling.” And conversely, a softening of fibers is said to favor the buildup of fat in tissues. There is one failing that weakens enormous bodies, namely, loss of “vibrancy,” an absence of “tonic force,” a major deficit of reactivity. Powerlessness, in the end, is the fate of the weighted down anatomy. This explains the focus at this time on what is most feared, namely, loss of reproductive faculties and loss of the faculty of reaction.
Elaine P. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231166829
- eISBN:
- 9780231537117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231166829.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This concluding chapter summarizes the book's main themes. The text has conducted an in-depth exploration of one philosopher/psychoanalyst's engagement with depression and other social maladies not ...
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This concluding chapter summarizes the book's main themes. The text has conducted an in-depth exploration of one philosopher/psychoanalyst's engagement with depression and other social maladies not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the culture. Julia Kristeva's contribution to psychoanalytic accounts of coming to subjectivity considers the role of the image in its potential to give rise to aesthetic ideas—in painting, sculpture, photography, and film—in constituting a healthy psyche in the age of the spectacle. Also, art puts forward a new, singular kind of image: one that might be thought of as melancholic, negative or iconoclastic, uncanny or foreign, sublimating without de-eroticizing, and forgiving, pardoning.Less
This concluding chapter summarizes the book's main themes. The text has conducted an in-depth exploration of one philosopher/psychoanalyst's engagement with depression and other social maladies not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the culture. Julia Kristeva's contribution to psychoanalytic accounts of coming to subjectivity considers the role of the image in its potential to give rise to aesthetic ideas—in painting, sculpture, photography, and film—in constituting a healthy psyche in the age of the spectacle. Also, art puts forward a new, singular kind of image: one that might be thought of as melancholic, negative or iconoclastic, uncanny or foreign, sublimating without de-eroticizing, and forgiving, pardoning.
Sarah S. Richardson
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226084688
- eISBN:
- 9780226084718
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226084718.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Focusing on “X mosaicism” theories of female biology, health, and behavior, this chapter examines the longstanding and infrequently questioned association of the X with femaleness. Drawing strongly ...
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Focusing on “X mosaicism” theories of female biology, health, and behavior, this chapter examines the longstanding and infrequently questioned association of the X with femaleness. Drawing strongly on resonances between traditional ideas of femininity and the concepts of chimerism, mixedness, and two-ness, human X mosaicism theories seek the origins of mysterious “female maladies” and female behavior in their doubled Xs. Analyzing X mosaicism theories of female biology and behavior and X-chromosomal theories of the higher incidence of autoimmunity in women, this chapter shows how gendered assumptions operate to sustain and cohere hypotheses of dubious empirical merit in high-priority areas of women’s health research. Sourcing notions of the X as female, and chimerism as feminine, X mosaicism theories of female biology and behavior present a poignant case of gendered conceptions of biological objects of analysis influencing scientific reasoning.Less
Focusing on “X mosaicism” theories of female biology, health, and behavior, this chapter examines the longstanding and infrequently questioned association of the X with femaleness. Drawing strongly on resonances between traditional ideas of femininity and the concepts of chimerism, mixedness, and two-ness, human X mosaicism theories seek the origins of mysterious “female maladies” and female behavior in their doubled Xs. Analyzing X mosaicism theories of female biology and behavior and X-chromosomal theories of the higher incidence of autoimmunity in women, this chapter shows how gendered assumptions operate to sustain and cohere hypotheses of dubious empirical merit in high-priority areas of women’s health research. Sourcing notions of the X as female, and chimerism as feminine, X mosaicism theories of female biology and behavior present a poignant case of gendered conceptions of biological objects of analysis influencing scientific reasoning.
Steven Heine
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199837281
- eISBN:
- 9780199369577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199837281.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter undertakes a deconstruction of the Ur Version and consequent reorientation of the significance of the Mu Kōan from four interlocking hermeneutic angles. These angles include (1) textual ...
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This chapter undertakes a deconstruction of the Ur Version and consequent reorientation of the significance of the Mu Kōan from four interlocking hermeneutic angles. These angles include (1) textual hermeneutics, or rethinking questions about the provenance and diversity of versions of the source dialogue, including questionable or alternative renditions of the exchange; (2) theoretical hermeneutics, by looking critically at the doctrinal background of several related kōan records dealing with the universality of Buddha-nature seen in relation to sentient beings; (3) intellectual historical hermeneutics, through examining issues in the spiritual biography of Zhaozhou, especially in terms of his ironic views regarding the doctrinal content of the Nirvana Sutra, as well as a generally noncommittal style of responding to Zen encounters; and (4) linguistic hermeneutics, or assessing the syntax and grammar of the Ur Version's rhetorical structure in light of different renderings in modern Chinese and Japanese in addition to English that are often misleading.Less
This chapter undertakes a deconstruction of the Ur Version and consequent reorientation of the significance of the Mu Kōan from four interlocking hermeneutic angles. These angles include (1) textual hermeneutics, or rethinking questions about the provenance and diversity of versions of the source dialogue, including questionable or alternative renditions of the exchange; (2) theoretical hermeneutics, by looking critically at the doctrinal background of several related kōan records dealing with the universality of Buddha-nature seen in relation to sentient beings; (3) intellectual historical hermeneutics, through examining issues in the spiritual biography of Zhaozhou, especially in terms of his ironic views regarding the doctrinal content of the Nirvana Sutra, as well as a generally noncommittal style of responding to Zen encounters; and (4) linguistic hermeneutics, or assessing the syntax and grammar of the Ur Version's rhetorical structure in light of different renderings in modern Chinese and Japanese in addition to English that are often misleading.
Richard Fletcher
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198803034
- eISBN:
- 9780191841774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198803034.003.0012
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE, History of Art: pre-history, BCE to 500CE, ancient and classical, Byzantine
Freud’s analogy of the city of Rome as the human psyche in Civilization and its Discontents and Kristeva’s reading of Ovid’s Narcissus as a response to Freudian narcissism in Tales of Love have been ...
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Freud’s analogy of the city of Rome as the human psyche in Civilization and its Discontents and Kristeva’s reading of Ovid’s Narcissus as a response to Freudian narcissism in Tales of Love have been treated as separate aspects of the reception of ancient Rome in psychoanalysis. In New Maladies of the Soul, however, Kristeva makes a direct connection between the two, building on Freud’s doubts about the usefulness of his analogy and offering a corrective image of her own. Kristeva, this chapter argues, thus locates the movement from Freud’s Rome to her specular city in what she calls a “mini-revolution in psychic life” that can be understood through the changes to the figure of Narcissus from Ovid to Plotinus. Psychoanalysis, in being both addressed to and partly founded on an erroneous narcissism, offers a valuable model for classical reception studies through its self-critical approach to narcissism’s ambivalent pleasures and dangers.Less
Freud’s analogy of the city of Rome as the human psyche in Civilization and its Discontents and Kristeva’s reading of Ovid’s Narcissus as a response to Freudian narcissism in Tales of Love have been treated as separate aspects of the reception of ancient Rome in psychoanalysis. In New Maladies of the Soul, however, Kristeva makes a direct connection between the two, building on Freud’s doubts about the usefulness of his analogy and offering a corrective image of her own. Kristeva, this chapter argues, thus locates the movement from Freud’s Rome to her specular city in what she calls a “mini-revolution in psychic life” that can be understood through the changes to the figure of Narcissus from Ovid to Plotinus. Psychoanalysis, in being both addressed to and partly founded on an erroneous narcissism, offers a valuable model for classical reception studies through its self-critical approach to narcissism’s ambivalent pleasures and dangers.
Ronald M. Green
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199926176
- eISBN:
- 9780199396788
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926176.003.0022
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter argues that there is a prima facie moral obligation to prevent and relieve suffering. Because pain and suffering are states that all rational people ordinarily want to avoid, this ...
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This chapter argues that there is a prima facie moral obligation to prevent and relieve suffering. Because pain and suffering are states that all rational people ordinarily want to avoid, this obligation does not derive from a specific view of life’s goods and evils. There are limits to the relief of suffering, but they are based on this same duty. Arguments against active euthanasia that point to euthanasia’s adverse long-term impacts on patients and society are examples. On the basis of this understanding, this chapter critiques religious views that appear to valorize suffering. It concludes with an examination of arguments that would limit medical interventions in the name of preventing the medicalization of suffering. Drawing on the concept of “malady” and its conceptually tight relation to suffering, the chapter argues that there are often good reasons for limiting the scope of medical professionalism to the prevention and treatment of diseases (maladies). The prevention and relief of suffering, however, sometimes counsel allowing physicians to assist patients seeking treatments for other, nondisease conditions.Less
This chapter argues that there is a prima facie moral obligation to prevent and relieve suffering. Because pain and suffering are states that all rational people ordinarily want to avoid, this obligation does not derive from a specific view of life’s goods and evils. There are limits to the relief of suffering, but they are based on this same duty. Arguments against active euthanasia that point to euthanasia’s adverse long-term impacts on patients and society are examples. On the basis of this understanding, this chapter critiques religious views that appear to valorize suffering. It concludes with an examination of arguments that would limit medical interventions in the name of preventing the medicalization of suffering. Drawing on the concept of “malady” and its conceptually tight relation to suffering, the chapter argues that there are often good reasons for limiting the scope of medical professionalism to the prevention and treatment of diseases (maladies). The prevention and relief of suffering, however, sometimes counsel allowing physicians to assist patients seeking treatments for other, nondisease conditions.
Debjani Das
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199458875
- eISBN:
- 9780199085484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199458875.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter focuses on women in both the ‘native’ and European asylums of Bengal. In doing so, it attempts to classify the different causes and symptoms of insanity among both women and men. It also ...
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This chapter focuses on women in both the ‘native’ and European asylums of Bengal. In doing so, it attempts to classify the different causes and symptoms of insanity among both women and men. It also questions whether insanity could necessarily be termed as a ‘female malady’ and how female insanity was undersood as being different from male insanity.Less
This chapter focuses on women in both the ‘native’ and European asylums of Bengal. In doing so, it attempts to classify the different causes and symptoms of insanity among both women and men. It also questions whether insanity could necessarily be termed as a ‘female malady’ and how female insanity was undersood as being different from male insanity.
