W. G. Runciman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263297
- eISBN:
- 9780191734519
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263297.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
These chapters offer penetrating insights into the events and controversies that have dominated the news agenda for the last two years. Never has the path to a British war been mapped so fully and ...
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These chapters offer penetrating insights into the events and controversies that have dominated the news agenda for the last two years. Never has the path to a British war been mapped so fully and swiftly as the road to Baghdad in 2002–3. Between them, the Hutton and Butler reports lifted the lid on the most intimate workings of government and those who strive to convert information into a weapon — whether they be a Prime Minister in Downing Street, an MI6 agent in the field, an intelligence analyst in Whitehall, or a journalist attempting to fuse fragments into hard copy. Within days of Lord Butler reporting on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, on British intelligence assessments of their quantity and lethality and on the ingredients of the Blair Cabinet's decision to go to war, the British Academy brought together a distinguished group of scholars and practitioners to probe the deeper themes at play in the rush of events and inquests. The chapters examine: the legal issues raised by the manner and content of Lord Hutton's inquiry; the light both Hutton and Butler shed on the Blair style of government; and the matter of trust between government, the governed and the news media.Less
These chapters offer penetrating insights into the events and controversies that have dominated the news agenda for the last two years. Never has the path to a British war been mapped so fully and swiftly as the road to Baghdad in 2002–3. Between them, the Hutton and Butler reports lifted the lid on the most intimate workings of government and those who strive to convert information into a weapon — whether they be a Prime Minister in Downing Street, an MI6 agent in the field, an intelligence analyst in Whitehall, or a journalist attempting to fuse fragments into hard copy. Within days of Lord Butler reporting on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, on British intelligence assessments of their quantity and lethality and on the ingredients of the Blair Cabinet's decision to go to war, the British Academy brought together a distinguished group of scholars and practitioners to probe the deeper themes at play in the rush of events and inquests. The chapters examine: the legal issues raised by the manner and content of Lord Hutton's inquiry; the light both Hutton and Butler shed on the Blair style of government; and the matter of trust between government, the governed and the news media.
Iain McLean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546954
- eISBN:
- 9780191720031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546954.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
‘The House of Peers throughout the war/Did nothing in particular/And did it very well.’ The Levellers and the case for an elected parliament. The Lords since 1909. Remaining conditional vetoes. The ...
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‘The House of Peers throughout the war/Did nothing in particular/And did it very well.’ The Levellers and the case for an elected parliament. The Lords since 1909. Remaining conditional vetoes. The Lords and the landed interest. Evolution of the Salisbury–Addison convention. Its fall since 1999. Mackay Commission. Wakeham Commission. Weakness of arguments for an unelected house. Contradictory votes in the Commons. The effectiveness (but doubtful legitimacy) of the post‐1999 Lords. Powers and composition of a (predominantly) elected chamber.Less
‘The House of Peers throughout the war/Did nothing in particular/And did it very well.’ The Levellers and the case for an elected parliament. The Lords since 1909. Remaining conditional vetoes. The Lords and the landed interest. Evolution of the Salisbury–Addison convention. Its fall since 1999. Mackay Commission. Wakeham Commission. Weakness of arguments for an unelected house. Contradictory votes in the Commons. The effectiveness (but doubtful legitimacy) of the post‐1999 Lords. Powers and composition of a (predominantly) elected chamber.
Barbara Arneil
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198279679
- eISBN:
- 9780191684296
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198279679.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This book considers the context of the colonial policies of Britain, John Locke's contribution to them, and the importance of these ideas in his theory of property. It also reconsiders the debate ...
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This book considers the context of the colonial policies of Britain, John Locke's contribution to them, and the importance of these ideas in his theory of property. It also reconsiders the debate about Locke's influence in America, challenging a number of other interpretations. The book breaks new ground in its interpretation of Locke's writings about the Amerindians and English colonisation of America—a subject largely overlooked in the past. The book argues that Locke's theory of property must be understood in connection with the philosopher's political concerns, as part of his endeavour to justify the colonialist policies of Lord Shaftesbury's cabinet, with which he was personally associated. The book maintains that traditional scholarship has failed to do justice to Locke by ignoring the implications of contemporary British imperial policy for the interpretation of his political thought. The book offers insight into Locke's theory of property, suggesting a solution to the problem of why Locke himself assigned such importance to property in the state of nature being based on labour while at the same time asserting that property in civil society is based on convention.Less
This book considers the context of the colonial policies of Britain, John Locke's contribution to them, and the importance of these ideas in his theory of property. It also reconsiders the debate about Locke's influence in America, challenging a number of other interpretations. The book breaks new ground in its interpretation of Locke's writings about the Amerindians and English colonisation of America—a subject largely overlooked in the past. The book argues that Locke's theory of property must be understood in connection with the philosopher's political concerns, as part of his endeavour to justify the colonialist policies of Lord Shaftesbury's cabinet, with which he was personally associated. The book maintains that traditional scholarship has failed to do justice to Locke by ignoring the implications of contemporary British imperial policy for the interpretation of his political thought. The book offers insight into Locke's theory of property, suggesting a solution to the problem of why Locke himself assigned such importance to property in the state of nature being based on labour while at the same time asserting that property in civil society is based on convention.
Richard Pares
- Published in print:
- 1988
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198811305
- eISBN:
- 9780191695438
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198811305.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This study of British politics from 1760 to 1832 deals with the reasons why people went into politics, the functions of party and patronage and the balance of power between King, Lords, and Commons. ...
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This study of British politics from 1760 to 1832 deals with the reasons why people went into politics, the functions of party and patronage and the balance of power between King, Lords, and Commons. George III is the central figure of the work and the author discusses the King's conception of his mission and his struggles with ‘that hydra faction’.Less
This study of British politics from 1760 to 1832 deals with the reasons why people went into politics, the functions of party and patronage and the balance of power between King, Lords, and Commons. George III is the central figure of the work and the author discusses the King's conception of his mission and his struggles with ‘that hydra faction’.
Holger Hoock (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264065
- eISBN:
- 9780191734496
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264065.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This volume explores the commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar and Admiral Lord Nelson's death over the past two centuries. It includes the celebrations of 2005, which saw hundreds of official, ...
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This volume explores the commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar and Admiral Lord Nelson's death over the past two centuries. It includes the celebrations of 2005, which saw hundreds of official, commercial, and popular events celebrating and commemorating the bicentenary of Trafalgar and the death of Nelson. Leading historians of Britain and France reflect critically on complex notions of remembrance, celebration, honouring, and commemoration. Taking historical snapshots of the commemoration of Nelson at his death, a century later in 1905, and in contemporary Britain, the contributors ask: who drives the commemoration of historical anniversaries and to what ends? Which Nelson, or Nelsons, have had a role in national memory over the past two centuries? And who identifies with Nelson today? Focusing on Britain, but looking also at imperial and French contexts, the papers consider how memoirs, history writing, visual and modern media and museums, and official and unofficial interests, contribute to keeping and shaping memory. As the changing manner of memorializing key moments in national history allows historians to study cultural meanings and interpretations of national identity, the contributors to this volume exhort the wider profession to engage critically with ‘public history’. This work is about the history of memory and commemoration and will be of interest those with general interests in naval, maritime, cultural and public history.Less
This volume explores the commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar and Admiral Lord Nelson's death over the past two centuries. It includes the celebrations of 2005, which saw hundreds of official, commercial, and popular events celebrating and commemorating the bicentenary of Trafalgar and the death of Nelson. Leading historians of Britain and France reflect critically on complex notions of remembrance, celebration, honouring, and commemoration. Taking historical snapshots of the commemoration of Nelson at his death, a century later in 1905, and in contemporary Britain, the contributors ask: who drives the commemoration of historical anniversaries and to what ends? Which Nelson, or Nelsons, have had a role in national memory over the past two centuries? And who identifies with Nelson today? Focusing on Britain, but looking also at imperial and French contexts, the papers consider how memoirs, history writing, visual and modern media and museums, and official and unofficial interests, contribute to keeping and shaping memory. As the changing manner of memorializing key moments in national history allows historians to study cultural meanings and interpretations of national identity, the contributors to this volume exhort the wider profession to engage critically with ‘public history’. This work is about the history of memory and commemoration and will be of interest those with general interests in naval, maritime, cultural and public history.
Iain Mclean and Alistair McMillan
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199258208
- eISBN:
- 9780191603334
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199258201.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter examines the unravelling of the Union between 1800 and 1886. The UK of Great Britain and Ireland was created in 1800, and the Union flag then took on its modern design, with crosses to ...
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This chapter examines the unravelling of the Union between 1800 and 1886. The UK of Great Britain and Ireland was created in 1800, and the Union flag then took on its modern design, with crosses to represent England, Scotland, and Ireland (but not Wales). However, the Irish Union was never accepted in the way the Scottish Union was. The unravelling of the Union began seriously in 1886.Less
This chapter examines the unravelling of the Union between 1800 and 1886. The UK of Great Britain and Ireland was created in 1800, and the Union flag then took on its modern design, with crosses to represent England, Scotland, and Ireland (but not Wales). However, the Irish Union was never accepted in the way the Scottish Union was. The unravelling of the Union began seriously in 1886.
Nicholas P. Cushner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195307566
- eISBN:
- 9780199784936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195307569.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
In 1634, the colony of St. Mary’s City was founded by Lord Baltimore. Jesuits accompanied the colonists in hopes of evangelizing the Indians. Their efforts were partly successful. Because of ...
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In 1634, the colony of St. Mary’s City was founded by Lord Baltimore. Jesuits accompanied the colonists in hopes of evangelizing the Indians. Their efforts were partly successful. Because of religious upheavals in England, the inability to evangelize the Indian, and the sharp population increase of Catholic colonists, the Jesuits in Maryland shifted goals and became ministers to European Catholics. The Maryland Mission eventually extended to Pennsylvania.Less
In 1634, the colony of St. Mary’s City was founded by Lord Baltimore. Jesuits accompanied the colonists in hopes of evangelizing the Indians. Their efforts were partly successful. Because of religious upheavals in England, the inability to evangelize the Indian, and the sharp population increase of Catholic colonists, the Jesuits in Maryland shifted goals and became ministers to European Catholics. The Maryland Mission eventually extended to Pennsylvania.
S. P. Mackenzie
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202448
- eISBN:
- 9780191675362
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202448.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
Current-affairs and citizenship education in the Army did not overall produce the dramatic results forecast either by its more enthusiastic proponents or by its more ardent foes. It was the ...
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Current-affairs and citizenship education in the Army did not overall produce the dramatic results forecast either by its more enthusiastic proponents or by its more ardent foes. It was the anticipated results, rather than the actual effect, which gave rise to sharp and sometimes bitter controversies. The development of current-affairs and citizenship education in the Army largely mirrored developments in society as a whole. The attention given to the citizen-soldier's political opinions in the latter part of the First World War and the demobilization period paralleled the increasing power and independence of ‘the common man’ and the authorities' uneasiness over signs of increasing militancy in the workforce. The weaving of socio-political considerations into the fabric of the various schemes was inextricably linked to the question of Army morale. Indeed, it was the need to improve morale which allowed this to happen at all.Less
Current-affairs and citizenship education in the Army did not overall produce the dramatic results forecast either by its more enthusiastic proponents or by its more ardent foes. It was the anticipated results, rather than the actual effect, which gave rise to sharp and sometimes bitter controversies. The development of current-affairs and citizenship education in the Army largely mirrored developments in society as a whole. The attention given to the citizen-soldier's political opinions in the latter part of the First World War and the demobilization period paralleled the increasing power and independence of ‘the common man’ and the authorities' uneasiness over signs of increasing militancy in the workforce. The weaving of socio-political considerations into the fabric of the various schemes was inextricably linked to the question of Army morale. Indeed, it was the need to improve morale which allowed this to happen at all.
Robert Eisen
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171532
- eISBN:
- 9780199785162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171532.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter begins with a synopsis of Gersonides’ views on providence in his systematic work for the purpose of getting acquainted with the basic philosophical concepts that underlie his commentary ...
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This chapter begins with a synopsis of Gersonides’ views on providence in his systematic work for the purpose of getting acquainted with the basic philosophical concepts that underlie his commentary on Job. It then proceeds with an analysis of the commentary on Job in accordance with the three interfaces. The discussion of the third interface returns the to treatment of providence in Gersonides’ The Wars of the Lord and gives an evaluation of its relationship to the commentary on Job. It is shown that Gersonides’ reading of Job represents an important transition in the interpretation of this text in medieval Jewish philosophy. With this reading, Aristotelianism still reigns supreme as the thought system for interpreting Job; yet, a conservative step has been taken away from the most radical type of Aristotelian reading found in Ibn Tibbon.Less
This chapter begins with a synopsis of Gersonides’ views on providence in his systematic work for the purpose of getting acquainted with the basic philosophical concepts that underlie his commentary on Job. It then proceeds with an analysis of the commentary on Job in accordance with the three interfaces. The discussion of the third interface returns the to treatment of providence in Gersonides’ The Wars of the Lord and gives an evaluation of its relationship to the commentary on Job. It is shown that Gersonides’ reading of Job represents an important transition in the interpretation of this text in medieval Jewish philosophy. With this reading, Aristotelianism still reigns supreme as the thought system for interpreting Job; yet, a conservative step has been taken away from the most radical type of Aristotelian reading found in Ibn Tibbon.
Timothy Fitzgerald
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300093
- eISBN:
- 9780199868636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300093.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
This chapter continues the close analysis of discourses on “religion” and related categories such as “politic order” and the “commonweal” and shows how in significant texts of the period there was ...
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This chapter continues the close analysis of discourses on “religion” and related categories such as “politic order” and the “commonweal” and shows how in significant texts of the period there was nothing like a modern concept of the nonreligious secular, or some conceptual or social space from which an attitude of neutrality could be taken toward some putatively separate domain called “religion.” The commonweal or politic body, based on a holistic analogy with the well‐functioning human body, is embedded in a God‐given hierarchical cosmos that legitimated rank and degree long after the Reformation. The editor of these texts, C. H. Williams, is aware of the problem of using modern concepts such as “class” to represent the realities of the early modern period. Yet editorial needs of the twentieth century in effect compel him to classify these texts according to modern categories, thus creating a contradiction between what the texts imply and what we need them to mean.Less
This chapter continues the close analysis of discourses on “religion” and related categories such as “politic order” and the “commonweal” and shows how in significant texts of the period there was nothing like a modern concept of the nonreligious secular, or some conceptual or social space from which an attitude of neutrality could be taken toward some putatively separate domain called “religion.” The commonweal or politic body, based on a holistic analogy with the well‐functioning human body, is embedded in a God‐given hierarchical cosmos that legitimated rank and degree long after the Reformation. The editor of these texts, C. H. Williams, is aware of the problem of using modern concepts such as “class” to represent the realities of the early modern period. Yet editorial needs of the twentieth century in effect compel him to classify these texts according to modern categories, thus creating a contradiction between what the texts imply and what we need them to mean.
Amy Nelson Burnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195305760
- eISBN:
- 9780199784912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195305760.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The pastor’s pedagogical role dominated in all aspects of Reformed pastoral care: administering the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, visiting the sick, and preaching at funerals. Basel ...
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The pastor’s pedagogical role dominated in all aspects of Reformed pastoral care: administering the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, visiting the sick, and preaching at funerals. Basel retained certain medieval practices, such as the acceptance of godparents and sickbed visitation with communion, although it modified them in accordance with evangelical doctrine. Other practices, such as emergency baptism by midwives, were gradually eliminated as Basel moved into greater conformity with other Reformed churches. Basel’s pastors shared the responsibility for church discipline with lay officials. Although complaints about individual parishioners persist, visitation reports from the early 17th century give a positive picture of religious belief and practice in Basel’s rural parishes and the development of a Reformed religious culture.Less
The pastor’s pedagogical role dominated in all aspects of Reformed pastoral care: administering the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, visiting the sick, and preaching at funerals. Basel retained certain medieval practices, such as the acceptance of godparents and sickbed visitation with communion, although it modified them in accordance with evangelical doctrine. Other practices, such as emergency baptism by midwives, were gradually eliminated as Basel moved into greater conformity with other Reformed churches. Basel’s pastors shared the responsibility for church discipline with lay officials. Although complaints about individual parishioners persist, visitation reports from the early 17th century give a positive picture of religious belief and practice in Basel’s rural parishes and the development of a Reformed religious culture.
Iain McLean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546954
- eISBN:
- 9780191720031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546954.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
EU membership and parliamentary sovereignty. The Schuman Plan and supranationalism. The United Kingdom's early attempts to join. The 1972 debates. The 1975 referendum. The Single European Act and its ...
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EU membership and parliamentary sovereignty. The Schuman Plan and supranationalism. The United Kingdom's early attempts to join. The 1972 debates. The 1975 referendum. The Single European Act and its incorporation into domestic law. Factortame and the destruction of parliamentary sovereignty.Less
EU membership and parliamentary sovereignty. The Schuman Plan and supranationalism. The United Kingdom's early attempts to join. The 1972 debates. The 1975 referendum. The Single European Act and its incorporation into domestic law. Factortame and the destruction of parliamentary sovereignty.
Iain Mclean
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199546954
- eISBN:
- 9780191720031
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546954.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
Summary of previous discussion. Can Diceyanism be revived without Dicey? The case for Parliamentary sovereignty—but that must entail an elected Parliament. The case for counter‐majoritarianism. ...
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Summary of previous discussion. Can Diceyanism be revived without Dicey? The case for Parliamentary sovereignty—but that must entail an elected Parliament. The case for counter‐majoritarianism. Strong entrenchment of EU law. Justified on pragmatic, not democratic, grounds. EU polices supranational public goods and bads, and therefore needs some supranational powers. Weak entrenchment of human rights law: the model for entrenchment of other constitutional laws. What is a constitutional statute?—the list in Thoburn. Discrete and insular minorities. Origin of the phrase in the United States; its applicability in United Kingdom. Comity between courts and parliament. How we the people of the United Republic might ordain to ourselves a constitution.Less
Summary of previous discussion. Can Diceyanism be revived without Dicey? The case for Parliamentary sovereignty—but that must entail an elected Parliament. The case for counter‐majoritarianism. Strong entrenchment of EU law. Justified on pragmatic, not democratic, grounds. EU polices supranational public goods and bads, and therefore needs some supranational powers. Weak entrenchment of human rights law: the model for entrenchment of other constitutional laws. What is a constitutional statute?—the list in Thoburn. Discrete and insular minorities. Origin of the phrase in the United States; its applicability in United Kingdom. Comity between courts and parliament. How we the people of the United Republic might ordain to ourselves a constitution.
Tom Bingham
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199532711
- eISBN:
- 9780191705489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532711.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter takes a closer look at the men and (one) woman who have held office as Lords of Appeal in Ordinary since the first appointment under the 1876 Act in October of that year. The ...
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This chapter takes a closer look at the men and (one) woman who have held office as Lords of Appeal in Ordinary since the first appointment under the 1876 Act in October of that year. The professional background of eight-three of those appointed was wholly or mainly three in England and Wales, nineteen in Scotland, and eight in Ireland or Northern Ireland, the Irish total being reduced by the absence of any appointment between that of Lord MacDermott in April 1947 and Lord Lowry in August 1988. All had been barristers, although one (the first Lord Russell of Killowen) had first practised as a solicitor. All were men, until the welcome appointment of Baroness Hale in 2004.Less
This chapter takes a closer look at the men and (one) woman who have held office as Lords of Appeal in Ordinary since the first appointment under the 1876 Act in October of that year. The professional background of eight-three of those appointed was wholly or mainly three in England and Wales, nineteen in Scotland, and eight in Ireland or Northern Ireland, the Irish total being reduced by the absence of any appointment between that of Lord MacDermott in April 1947 and Lord Lowry in August 1988. All had been barristers, although one (the first Lord Russell of Killowen) had first practised as a solicitor. All were men, until the welcome appointment of Baroness Hale in 2004.
Vernon Bogdanor
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293347
- eISBN:
- 9780191598821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293348.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
The three constitutional crises examined are that caused by the rejection by the House of Lords of Lloyd George's `People's Budget’ of 1909; that caused by the Home Rule Act of 1914; and the ...
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The three constitutional crises examined are that caused by the rejection by the House of Lords of Lloyd George's `People's Budget’ of 1909; that caused by the Home Rule Act of 1914; and the abdication in 1936. Each of these crises posed difficult problems for the sovereigns involved—George V and Edward VIII—and for their Prime Ministers—Asquith and Baldwin. In 1914, George V seriously contemplated refusing royal assent to legislation passed by Parliament. In 1936, abdication, a voluntary renunciation, seemed a threat to the very institution of monarchy, which depends upon automatic hereditary descent. But, paradoxically, the abdication heralded a vote of confidence for monarchy and the new style of limited, constitutional monarchy, as represented by George VI.Less
The three constitutional crises examined are that caused by the rejection by the House of Lords of Lloyd George's `People's Budget’ of 1909; that caused by the Home Rule Act of 1914; and the abdication in 1936. Each of these crises posed difficult problems for the sovereigns involved—George V and Edward VIII—and for their Prime Ministers—Asquith and Baldwin. In 1914, George V seriously contemplated refusing royal assent to legislation passed by Parliament. In 1936, abdication, a voluntary renunciation, seemed a threat to the very institution of monarchy, which depends upon automatic hereditary descent. But, paradoxically, the abdication heralded a vote of confidence for monarchy and the new style of limited, constitutional monarchy, as represented by George VI.
Iain McLean
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295297
- eISBN:
- 9780191599873
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295294.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
The first of two case studies of Lloyd George. Discusses his successes at widening the social base of the Liberal Party and at provoking the House of Lords into fighting and losing the constitutional ...
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The first of two case studies of Lloyd George. Discusses his successes at widening the social base of the Liberal Party and at provoking the House of Lords into fighting and losing the constitutional crisis of 1909–11. Considers why he failed to construct a hegemonic centre party after the First World War, or to stifle the rise of the Labour Party.Less
The first of two case studies of Lloyd George. Discusses his successes at widening the social base of the Liberal Party and at provoking the House of Lords into fighting and losing the constitutional crisis of 1909–11. Considers why he failed to construct a hegemonic centre party after the First World War, or to stifle the rise of the Labour Party.
William Bain
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199260263
- eISBN:
- 9780191600975
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199260265.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Examines the internationalization of trusteeship as it arose in the context of British colonial administration in Africa, the Berlin and Brussels Conferences, and the experience of the Congo Free ...
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Examines the internationalization of trusteeship as it arose in the context of British colonial administration in Africa, the Berlin and Brussels Conferences, and the experience of the Congo Free State. It is out of these experiences and events that the idea of trusteeship emerges as a recognized and accepted practice of international society. The chapter has five sections: the first discusses British attitudes towards Africa; the second looks at Lord Lugard's ‘dual mandate’ principle of colonial administration—the proposal that the exploitation of Africa's natural wealth should reciprocally benefit the industrial classes of Europe and the native population of Africa; the third discusses the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 and the Brussels Conference of 1890; the fourth describes trusteeship in relation to the Congo Free State. The fifth section of the chapter points out the progression from the idea of trusteeship in the East India Company's dominion in India—in which the improvement of native peoples would come about rapidly and result in institutional forms and practices that closely resembled those in Europe—to a new incrementalist approach in which societies and people were thought of as occupying different rungs on a progressive ‘ladder of civilization’, and, depending on their stage of development on this ladder, were suited to different forms of constitution.Less
Examines the internationalization of trusteeship as it arose in the context of British colonial administration in Africa, the Berlin and Brussels Conferences, and the experience of the Congo Free State. It is out of these experiences and events that the idea of trusteeship emerges as a recognized and accepted practice of international society. The chapter has five sections: the first discusses British attitudes towards Africa; the second looks at Lord Lugard's ‘dual mandate’ principle of colonial administration—the proposal that the exploitation of Africa's natural wealth should reciprocally benefit the industrial classes of Europe and the native population of Africa; the third discusses the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 and the Brussels Conference of 1890; the fourth describes trusteeship in relation to the Congo Free State. The fifth section of the chapter points out the progression from the idea of trusteeship in the East India Company's dominion in India—in which the improvement of native peoples would come about rapidly and result in institutional forms and practices that closely resembled those in Europe—to a new incrementalist approach in which societies and people were thought of as occupying different rungs on a progressive ‘ladder of civilization’, and, depending on their stage of development on this ladder, were suited to different forms of constitution.
Louis Blom-Cooper and Gavin Drewry
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199532711
- eISBN:
- 9780191705489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532711.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter argues that the Reid–Wilberforce era marked the beginning of a transformation of the House of Lords into a public law tribunal in embryo from a court of final appeal in private law ...
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This chapter argues that the Reid–Wilberforce era marked the beginning of a transformation of the House of Lords into a public law tribunal in embryo from a court of final appeal in private law litigation. The bottom-line definition of the rule of law is that no one — including Ministers — can be above the law.Less
This chapter argues that the Reid–Wilberforce era marked the beginning of a transformation of the House of Lords into a public law tribunal in embryo from a court of final appeal in private law litigation. The bottom-line definition of the rule of law is that no one — including Ministers — can be above the law.
James Vallance White
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199532711
- eISBN:
- 9780191705489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532711.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter focuses on the Judicial Office, which acted as the parliamentary conduit by which lawyers, litigants, and the public approached the Law Lords, and it was by that same channel through ...
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This chapter focuses on the Judicial Office, which acted as the parliamentary conduit by which lawyers, litigants, and the public approached the Law Lords, and it was by that same channel through which the judgments and orders of the Law Lords were delivered. It discusses three developments, after 1945, that significantly affected the House, the Law Lords and, consequently, the Judicial Office: first, the gradual withdrawal of the Lord Chancellor from the judicial business of the House, and the evolution of the post of ‘Senior Law Lord’; secondly, the establishment of the Appellate Committee in 1948; and thirdly, the arrival of life peers in 1958.Less
This chapter focuses on the Judicial Office, which acted as the parliamentary conduit by which lawyers, litigants, and the public approached the Law Lords, and it was by that same channel through which the judgments and orders of the Law Lords were delivered. It discusses three developments, after 1945, that significantly affected the House, the Law Lords and, consequently, the Judicial Office: first, the gradual withdrawal of the Lord Chancellor from the judicial business of the House, and the evolution of the post of ‘Senior Law Lord’; secondly, the establishment of the Appellate Committee in 1948; and thirdly, the arrival of life peers in 1958.
William R. Ryan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195387285
- eISBN:
- 9780199775774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387285.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explains how in Charles Town, as in Williamsburg and Boston, the issue of gunpowder and who possessed it became absolutely critical. What would happen if black slaves were to get their ...
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This chapter explains how in Charles Town, as in Williamsburg and Boston, the issue of gunpowder and who possessed it became absolutely critical. What would happen if black slaves were to get their hands on the precious supply of powder that patriots had themselves purloined from the State House on the night of April 21, 1775? In Charles Town, news of Lexington and Concord coincided with rumors that the British government intended to exploit South Carolina's explosive demographic situation by using black slaves and Native American mercenaries to stamp out Whig resistance. In this chapter, we learn how the free black harbor pilot Thomas Jeremiah became implicated in an alleged plot to foment a British‐assisted slave insurrection. White Whigs remained divided on the question of whether or not to blockade Charles Town Harbor in order to preclude an assault on the city by the Royal Navy.Less
This chapter explains how in Charles Town, as in Williamsburg and Boston, the issue of gunpowder and who possessed it became absolutely critical. What would happen if black slaves were to get their hands on the precious supply of powder that patriots had themselves purloined from the State House on the night of April 21, 1775? In Charles Town, news of Lexington and Concord coincided with rumors that the British government intended to exploit South Carolina's explosive demographic situation by using black slaves and Native American mercenaries to stamp out Whig resistance. In this chapter, we learn how the free black harbor pilot Thomas Jeremiah became implicated in an alleged plot to foment a British‐assisted slave insurrection. White Whigs remained divided on the question of whether or not to blockade Charles Town Harbor in order to preclude an assault on the city by the Royal Navy.
