Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195309379
- eISBN:
- 9780199786688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309379.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
In the course of emerging adulthood, young people change in a number of ways that make them increasingly ready for marriage. Emerging adults become more capable of enduring intimacy. They come to ...
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In the course of emerging adulthood, young people change in a number of ways that make them increasingly ready for marriage. Emerging adults become more capable of enduring intimacy. They come to appreciate the rewards of staying with one person for a longer period of time and developing a deeper emotional closeness. They also come to desire more security and commitment in their relationships. Eventually, the lifestyle of moving from one partner to the next every few weeks or months starts to grow old. Most emerging adults come to desire the stability and comfort tha comes from developing a long-term relationship. This chapter looks at the qualities that emerging adults hope to find in a marriage partner and examines how they decide when they would like to marry, including the widespread sense, especially among women, of having an “age thirty deadline” for marriage. Issues of commitment, different motives for cohabitation, and how the fear of divorce shapes marriage expectations are discussed.Less
In the course of emerging adulthood, young people change in a number of ways that make them increasingly ready for marriage. Emerging adults become more capable of enduring intimacy. They come to appreciate the rewards of staying with one person for a longer period of time and developing a deeper emotional closeness. They also come to desire more security and commitment in their relationships. Eventually, the lifestyle of moving from one partner to the next every few weeks or months starts to grow old. Most emerging adults come to desire the stability and comfort tha comes from developing a long-term relationship. This chapter looks at the qualities that emerging adults hope to find in a marriage partner and examines how they decide when they would like to marry, including the widespread sense, especially among women, of having an “age thirty deadline” for marriage. Issues of commitment, different motives for cohabitation, and how the fear of divorce shapes marriage expectations are discussed.
Lois K. Geller
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195158694
- eISBN:
- 9780199849420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158694.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
Direct Marketing has been around since the 1940s, according to Nat Ross's A History of Direct Marketing. This chapter enumerates the advantages of this marketing technique citing reasons for its ...
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Direct Marketing has been around since the 1940s, according to Nat Ross's A History of Direct Marketing. This chapter enumerates the advantages of this marketing technique citing reasons for its effectiveness in terms of measurability, testing, expanding customer base, and long term relationships. It also dispels marketing myths that may negate commitment to the strategy. Further enhancing the technique are examples of illustrative aids to employ in the process.Less
Direct Marketing has been around since the 1940s, according to Nat Ross's A History of Direct Marketing. This chapter enumerates the advantages of this marketing technique citing reasons for its effectiveness in terms of measurability, testing, expanding customer base, and long term relationships. It also dispels marketing myths that may negate commitment to the strategy. Further enhancing the technique are examples of illustrative aids to employ in the process.
Raymond Pierotti and Brandy R. Fogg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300226164
- eISBN:
- 9780300231670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300226164.003.0003
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This chapter reviews the study of cooperative behavior between species, with emphasis on examples of cooperative hunting found in a wide range of species. Seen in this context, the idea of ...
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This chapter reviews the study of cooperative behavior between species, with emphasis on examples of cooperative hunting found in a wide range of species. Seen in this context, the idea of cooperative hunting between humans and wolves that evolved into present relationships with dogs does not seem unusual or surprising. The chapter then critiques the proposal that competition between species is more important than cooperation in structuring ecological communities, discussing how this notion leads to a suite of ideas philosophically separating humans from the rest of the natural world. In many ways Western science is unintentionally complicit in such thinking. The chapter concludes by discussing complex cooperation, including long-term relationships between members of different species.Less
This chapter reviews the study of cooperative behavior between species, with emphasis on examples of cooperative hunting found in a wide range of species. Seen in this context, the idea of cooperative hunting between humans and wolves that evolved into present relationships with dogs does not seem unusual or surprising. The chapter then critiques the proposal that competition between species is more important than cooperation in structuring ecological communities, discussing how this notion leads to a suite of ideas philosophically separating humans from the rest of the natural world. In many ways Western science is unintentionally complicit in such thinking. The chapter concludes by discussing complex cooperation, including long-term relationships between members of different species.
Malcolm Torry
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447311249
- eISBN:
- 9781447311287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447311249.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter evaluates both the current system and a system based on a Citizen's Income against three further criteria The tax and benefits structure should not disincentivise public goods such as ...
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This chapter evaluates both the current system and a system based on a Citizen's Income against three further criteria The tax and benefits structure should not disincentivise public goods such as enterprise, training, long-term relationships between the parents of children, and the ability to provide financially for oneself and one's dependents. The tax and benefits structure should incentivise the efficient allocation of resources, and so contribute to an efficient economy. Our tax and benefits structure should treat people with dignity, and not stigmatise individuals involved in any part of the system. The chapter finds that a Citizen's Income ameliorates a number of traps: the unemployment, invalidity, poverty, lone parent, part-time, lack of skills, and savings traps; and so imposes fewer disincentives than the current system on skill acquisition, self-employment, long-term relationships, and the ability to climb out of poverty. It finds that in a number of respects a Citizen's Income would give us a more efficient economy, and that it would enhance individuals’ dignity, because everyone would receive a Citizen's Income, thus reducing stigma.Less
This chapter evaluates both the current system and a system based on a Citizen's Income against three further criteria The tax and benefits structure should not disincentivise public goods such as enterprise, training, long-term relationships between the parents of children, and the ability to provide financially for oneself and one's dependents. The tax and benefits structure should incentivise the efficient allocation of resources, and so contribute to an efficient economy. Our tax and benefits structure should treat people with dignity, and not stigmatise individuals involved in any part of the system. The chapter finds that a Citizen's Income ameliorates a number of traps: the unemployment, invalidity, poverty, lone parent, part-time, lack of skills, and savings traps; and so imposes fewer disincentives than the current system on skill acquisition, self-employment, long-term relationships, and the ability to climb out of poverty. It finds that in a number of respects a Citizen's Income would give us a more efficient economy, and that it would enhance individuals’ dignity, because everyone would receive a Citizen's Income, thus reducing stigma.
Stefan Grundmann, Florian Möslein, and Karl Riesenhuber (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198723202
- eISBN:
- 9780191790294
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198723202.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law, Comparative Law
This book introduces and develops contract governance as a new approach to contract theory. It thereby aims at setting an international and interdisciplinary research agenda for modern contract law. ...
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This book introduces and develops contract governance as a new approach to contract theory. It thereby aims at setting an international and interdisciplinary research agenda for modern contract law. Contract governance combines insights from governance research and contract theory. As an umbrella term, contract governance therefore covers various and very diverse issues of governance in contract law and contract practice—just as corporate governance does for company law and finance. While the concept of governance was originally developed in Williamson’s seminal article with a view to the ‘governance of contractual relations’, it has ironically not received much attention in general contract law theory so far. Yet contract governance appears to be an important and indeed necessary complement to corporate governance and in fact is the second, equally important pillar of governance research in the core of private law. Contract and organization are distinct forms of cooperation, yet they are complementary and, in some cases, contract and organization can be alternative instruments for the same goals. Moreover, the market mechanism as such requires an organizational framework which may exert an influence on market results and which is open to a governance analysis. Contract governance opens up the perspective for its various incentives and regulatory mechanisms. In that respect, governance research goes beyond traditional contract law theory: It can enhance ‘better’ regulation, for example by helping to avoid misdirected regulation and counter-intentional effects. Contract governance may thus help preserve individual freedom, as it may contribute to less intrusive regulation.Less
This book introduces and develops contract governance as a new approach to contract theory. It thereby aims at setting an international and interdisciplinary research agenda for modern contract law. Contract governance combines insights from governance research and contract theory. As an umbrella term, contract governance therefore covers various and very diverse issues of governance in contract law and contract practice—just as corporate governance does for company law and finance. While the concept of governance was originally developed in Williamson’s seminal article with a view to the ‘governance of contractual relations’, it has ironically not received much attention in general contract law theory so far. Yet contract governance appears to be an important and indeed necessary complement to corporate governance and in fact is the second, equally important pillar of governance research in the core of private law. Contract and organization are distinct forms of cooperation, yet they are complementary and, in some cases, contract and organization can be alternative instruments for the same goals. Moreover, the market mechanism as such requires an organizational framework which may exert an influence on market results and which is open to a governance analysis. Contract governance opens up the perspective for its various incentives and regulatory mechanisms. In that respect, governance research goes beyond traditional contract law theory: It can enhance ‘better’ regulation, for example by helping to avoid misdirected regulation and counter-intentional effects. Contract governance may thus help preserve individual freedom, as it may contribute to less intrusive regulation.
Paula Jarzabkowski, Rebecca Bednarek, and Paul Spee
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199664764
- eISBN:
- 9780191811487
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199664764.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking, International Business
Chapter 2 shows how reinsurers, despite being competitors, bear risk collectively by taking shares of different deals at a consensus or common price, as a form of protection from unpredictable ...
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Chapter 2 shows how reinsurers, despite being competitors, bear risk collectively by taking shares of different deals at a consensus or common price, as a form of protection from unpredictable disasters with enormous losses. Unusually, and counter to other markets, the chapter explains that market cycles, in which price fluctuates between hard (high-price) and soft (low-price) cycles, are not evidence of boom and bust dynamics but rather help to stabilize the market in the face of such uncertainty. It shows the common practices of quoting deals and maintaining business relationships across market cycles, through which reinsurance underwriters around the world are able to collectively price and bear risk, despite not being directly in contact with each other. The chapter brings these principles of collective risk-bearing to life with an evocative tale of how underwriters shaped the market cycle in response to the Thai flood that disrupted global supply chains in 2011.Less
Chapter 2 shows how reinsurers, despite being competitors, bear risk collectively by taking shares of different deals at a consensus or common price, as a form of protection from unpredictable disasters with enormous losses. Unusually, and counter to other markets, the chapter explains that market cycles, in which price fluctuates between hard (high-price) and soft (low-price) cycles, are not evidence of boom and bust dynamics but rather help to stabilize the market in the face of such uncertainty. It shows the common practices of quoting deals and maintaining business relationships across market cycles, through which reinsurance underwriters around the world are able to collectively price and bear risk, despite not being directly in contact with each other. The chapter brings these principles of collective risk-bearing to life with an evocative tale of how underwriters shaped the market cycle in response to the Thai flood that disrupted global supply chains in 2011.
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226327204
- eISBN:
- 9780226327228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226327228.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter describes how mail came to assume a particular burden in the maintenance of long-term relationships that were threatened (or simply structured) by physical separation, especially of ...
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This chapter describes how mail came to assume a particular burden in the maintenance of long-term relationships that were threatened (or simply structured) by physical separation, especially of family members. This burden assumed dramatic proportions in the context of the two most publicized internal mobilizations of this period in American history—the California Gold Rush and the Civil War—when large numbers of Americans, mostly men, left their homes for what they hoped or insisted was a short period of time, expecting in the interim to maintain some symbolic presence within those homes. These two events created communities on both sides of a postal divide where the daily rituals of mail delivery assumed especially high stakes, habituating new groups of Americans to the postal culture and dramatizing scenes of mail call for a national readership. At the same time, the dramatic public spectacle of separated kin using the post to perform family obligations and affirm family intimacy helped shape the meaning of mail in American culture.Less
This chapter describes how mail came to assume a particular burden in the maintenance of long-term relationships that were threatened (or simply structured) by physical separation, especially of family members. This burden assumed dramatic proportions in the context of the two most publicized internal mobilizations of this period in American history—the California Gold Rush and the Civil War—when large numbers of Americans, mostly men, left their homes for what they hoped or insisted was a short period of time, expecting in the interim to maintain some symbolic presence within those homes. These two events created communities on both sides of a postal divide where the daily rituals of mail delivery assumed especially high stakes, habituating new groups of Americans to the postal culture and dramatizing scenes of mail call for a national readership. At the same time, the dramatic public spectacle of separated kin using the post to perform family obligations and affirm family intimacy helped shape the meaning of mail in American culture.
