Andrew Inkpen and Kannan Ramaswamy
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195167207
- eISBN:
- 9780199789825
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195167207.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This concluding chapter argues that strategy making in a global environment imposes many challenges on strategy makers, from deciding how to organize for global competition to choosing the optimal ...
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This concluding chapter argues that strategy making in a global environment imposes many challenges on strategy makers, from deciding how to organize for global competition to choosing the optimal geographic locations for performing value chain activities. The book has identified a series of issues, scenarios, and decision areas associated with global strategy choices. In doing so, it presents a future-oriented perspective and one that provides insights for both the student of management and the practitioner of global strategy.Less
This concluding chapter argues that strategy making in a global environment imposes many challenges on strategy makers, from deciding how to organize for global competition to choosing the optimal geographic locations for performing value chain activities. The book has identified a series of issues, scenarios, and decision areas associated with global strategy choices. In doing so, it presents a future-oriented perspective and one that provides insights for both the student of management and the practitioner of global strategy.
Jennifer Glancy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195328158
- eISBN:
- 9780199777143
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328158.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Early Christian Studies
Drawing on representations of bodies in sources from Paul to Augustine, this book focuses on the question of what is known in the body and demonstrates why that question is significant for a cultural ...
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Drawing on representations of bodies in sources from Paul to Augustine, this book focuses on the question of what is known in the body and demonstrates why that question is significant for a cultural history of Christian origins. The inevitable cultural habituation of bodies influenced Christians of the first centuries to replicate the habitus of the wider culture—that is, the hierarchical patterns of social relations familiar throughout the Roman Empire, despite the seeming incompatibility of those embodied patterns of relations with the good news of Christian preaching. A study of corporal epistemology, this volume builds on a sequence of in-depth analyses of texts, historical problems, and theological questions. How does Paul manage to position his whippable body as a source of knowledge and power? How did the corporal conditioning of the Roman slaveholding system infiltrate Christian moral imagination and sexual ethics? What do primitive images of Mary in childbirth suggest about ancient—and modern—understandings of maternal epistemology? The book is informed by the work of theorists of corporeality, including Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Pierre Bourdieu, and Linda Martín Alcoff. What is known in the body is informed by but ultimately exceeds the grid of social location. Framing questions about corporal knowledge offers new insights into bodies, identities, and early Christian understandings of what it means to be human.Less
Drawing on representations of bodies in sources from Paul to Augustine, this book focuses on the question of what is known in the body and demonstrates why that question is significant for a cultural history of Christian origins. The inevitable cultural habituation of bodies influenced Christians of the first centuries to replicate the habitus of the wider culture—that is, the hierarchical patterns of social relations familiar throughout the Roman Empire, despite the seeming incompatibility of those embodied patterns of relations with the good news of Christian preaching. A study of corporal epistemology, this volume builds on a sequence of in-depth analyses of texts, historical problems, and theological questions. How does Paul manage to position his whippable body as a source of knowledge and power? How did the corporal conditioning of the Roman slaveholding system infiltrate Christian moral imagination and sexual ethics? What do primitive images of Mary in childbirth suggest about ancient—and modern—understandings of maternal epistemology? The book is informed by the work of theorists of corporeality, including Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Pierre Bourdieu, and Linda Martín Alcoff. What is known in the body is informed by but ultimately exceeds the grid of social location. Framing questions about corporal knowledge offers new insights into bodies, identities, and early Christian understandings of what it means to be human.
Hud Hudson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199282579
- eISBN:
- 9780191712463
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282579.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This collection of chapters on metaphysics and philosophy of religion is organized around the theme of hyperspace. The book contains critical discussions and evaluations of some non-theistic reasons ...
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This collection of chapters on metaphysics and philosophy of religion is organized around the theme of hyperspace. The book contains critical discussions and evaluations of some non-theistic reasons to believe in hyperspace in Chapter 1 (e.g., reasons arising from reflection on incongruent counterparts and fine-tuning arguments), of some theistic reasons in Chapter 7 (e.g., reasons arising from reflection on puzzles known as the problem of the best and the problem of evil), and of some distinctively Christian reasons in Chapter 8 (e.g., reasons arising from reflection on traditional Christian themes such as heaven and hell, the Garden of Eden, angels and demons, and new testament miracles). In the intervening chapters, the book provides critical discussions of a variety of puzzles in the metaphysics of material objects that are either generated by the hypothesis of hyperspace (e.g., the topics of mirror determinism and mirror incompatibilism) or else informed by the hypothesis of hyperspace (e.g., theories of receptacles, boundaries, contact, the four-color theorem, location and occupation relations, extended mereological simples, and superluminal motion).Less
This collection of chapters on metaphysics and philosophy of religion is organized around the theme of hyperspace. The book contains critical discussions and evaluations of some non-theistic reasons to believe in hyperspace in Chapter 1 (e.g., reasons arising from reflection on incongruent counterparts and fine-tuning arguments), of some theistic reasons in Chapter 7 (e.g., reasons arising from reflection on puzzles known as the problem of the best and the problem of evil), and of some distinctively Christian reasons in Chapter 8 (e.g., reasons arising from reflection on traditional Christian themes such as heaven and hell, the Garden of Eden, angels and demons, and new testament miracles). In the intervening chapters, the book provides critical discussions of a variety of puzzles in the metaphysics of material objects that are either generated by the hypothesis of hyperspace (e.g., the topics of mirror determinism and mirror incompatibilism) or else informed by the hypothesis of hyperspace (e.g., theories of receptacles, boundaries, contact, the four-color theorem, location and occupation relations, extended mereological simples, and superluminal motion).
Yuri Balashov
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579921
- eISBN:
- 9780191722899
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579921.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Science
Material objects persist through time and survive change. How do they manage to do so? What are the underlying facts of persistence? Do objects persist by being ”wholly present” at all moments of ...
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Material objects persist through time and survive change. How do they manage to do so? What are the underlying facts of persistence? Do objects persist by being ”wholly present” at all moments of time at which they exist? Or do they persist by having distinct ”temporal segments” confined to the corresponding times? Are objects three‐dimensional entities extended in space, but not in time? Or are they four‐dimensional spacetime ”worms”? These are matters of intense debate, which is now driven by concerns about two major issues in fundamental ontology: parthood and location. It is in this context that broadly empirical considerations are increasingly brought to bear on the debate about persistence. The book explores this decidedly positive tendency. It begins by stating major rival views of persistence—endurance, perdurance, and exdurance—in a spacetime framework and proceeds to investigate the implications of Einstein's theory of relativity for the debate about persistence. The overall conclusion—that relativistic considerations favor four‐dimensionalism over three‐dimensionalism—is hardly surprising. It is, however, anything but trivial. Contrary to a common misconception, there is no straightforward argument from relativity to four‐dimensionalism. The issues involved are complex, and the debate is closely entangled with a number of other philosophical disputes, including those about the nature and ontology of time, parts and wholes, material constitution, causation and properties, and vagueness.Less
Material objects persist through time and survive change. How do they manage to do so? What are the underlying facts of persistence? Do objects persist by being ”wholly present” at all moments of time at which they exist? Or do they persist by having distinct ”temporal segments” confined to the corresponding times? Are objects three‐dimensional entities extended in space, but not in time? Or are they four‐dimensional spacetime ”worms”? These are matters of intense debate, which is now driven by concerns about two major issues in fundamental ontology: parthood and location. It is in this context that broadly empirical considerations are increasingly brought to bear on the debate about persistence. The book explores this decidedly positive tendency. It begins by stating major rival views of persistence—endurance, perdurance, and exdurance—in a spacetime framework and proceeds to investigate the implications of Einstein's theory of relativity for the debate about persistence. The overall conclusion—that relativistic considerations favor four‐dimensionalism over three‐dimensionalism—is hardly surprising. It is, however, anything but trivial. Contrary to a common misconception, there is no straightforward argument from relativity to four‐dimensionalism. The issues involved are complex, and the debate is closely entangled with a number of other philosophical disputes, including those about the nature and ontology of time, parts and wholes, material constitution, causation and properties, and vagueness.
Lorraine Code
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195159431
- eISBN:
- 9780199786411
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195159438.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Arguing that ecological thinking can animate an epistemology capable of addressing feminist, multicultural, and other post-colonial concerns, this book critiques the instrumental rationality, ...
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Arguing that ecological thinking can animate an epistemology capable of addressing feminist, multicultural, and other post-colonial concerns, this book critiques the instrumental rationality, hyperbolized autonomy, abstract individualism, and exploitation of people and places that western epistemologies of mastery have legitimated. It proposes a politics of epistemic location, sensitive to the interplay of particularity and diversity, and focused on responsible epistemic practices. Starting from an epistemological approach implicit in Rachel Carson’s scientific projects, the book draws, constructively and critically, on ecological theory and practice, on (post-Quinean) naturalized epistemology, and on feminist and post-colonial theory. Analyzing extended examples from developmental psychology, from medicine and law, and from circumstances where vulnerability, credibility, and public trust are at issue, the argument addresses the constitutive part played by an instituted social imaginary in shaping and regulating human lives. The practices and examples discussed invoke the responsibility requirements central to this text’s larger purpose of imagining, crafting, articulating a creative, innovative, instituting social imaginary, committed to interrogating entrenched hierarchical social structures, en route to enacting principles of ideal cohabitation.Less
Arguing that ecological thinking can animate an epistemology capable of addressing feminist, multicultural, and other post-colonial concerns, this book critiques the instrumental rationality, hyperbolized autonomy, abstract individualism, and exploitation of people and places that western epistemologies of mastery have legitimated. It proposes a politics of epistemic location, sensitive to the interplay of particularity and diversity, and focused on responsible epistemic practices. Starting from an epistemological approach implicit in Rachel Carson’s scientific projects, the book draws, constructively and critically, on ecological theory and practice, on (post-Quinean) naturalized epistemology, and on feminist and post-colonial theory. Analyzing extended examples from developmental psychology, from medicine and law, and from circumstances where vulnerability, credibility, and public trust are at issue, the argument addresses the constitutive part played by an instituted social imaginary in shaping and regulating human lives. The practices and examples discussed invoke the responsibility requirements central to this text’s larger purpose of imagining, crafting, articulating a creative, innovative, instituting social imaginary, committed to interrogating entrenched hierarchical social structures, en route to enacting principles of ideal cohabitation.
You‐tien Hsing
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568048
- eISBN:
- 9780191721632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568048.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Chapter 1 introduces the empirical and theoretical background of the project with its focus on the connection between land and urban politics. Persistent state land tenure in China ...
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Chapter 1 introduces the empirical and theoretical background of the project with its focus on the connection between land and urban politics. Persistent state land tenure in China has triggered fierce competition among state actors for land rents and territorial control, and provides an opportunity to reconsider theories of the state, power, and territory. Key differences between the concepts of “urbanization of the local state” and “state‐led urbanization” are also discussed. On the societal front, the land‐based regime of accumulation has fuelled distributional politics over land in different types of places, which offers an opportunity to add to geographers' theorization of location, locale, place, and territory. The second part is a methodological note on the challenges of doing fieldwork on the politics of land in China, and the author's strategies for data collection and interpretation. The chapter ends with an organizational overview of the book and brief summaries of each chapter.Less
Chapter 1 introduces the empirical and theoretical background of the project with its focus on the connection between land and urban politics. Persistent state land tenure in China has triggered fierce competition among state actors for land rents and territorial control, and provides an opportunity to reconsider theories of the state, power, and territory. Key differences between the concepts of “urbanization of the local state” and “state‐led urbanization” are also discussed. On the societal front, the land‐based regime of accumulation has fuelled distributional politics over land in different types of places, which offers an opportunity to add to geographers' theorization of location, locale, place, and territory. The second part is a methodological note on the challenges of doing fieldwork on the politics of land in China, and the author's strategies for data collection and interpretation. The chapter ends with an organizational overview of the book and brief summaries of each chapter.
Frank Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198250616
- eISBN:
- 9780191597787
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198250614.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
Conceptual analysis is currently out of favour, especially in North America. This is partly through misunderstanding of its nature. Properly understood, conceptual analysis is not a mysterious ...
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Conceptual analysis is currently out of favour, especially in North America. This is partly through misunderstanding of its nature. Properly understood, conceptual analysis is not a mysterious activity discredited by Quine that seeks after the a priori in some hard‐to‐understand sense. It is, rather, something familiar to everyone, philosophers and non‐philosophers alike—or so I argue. Another reason for its unpopularity is a failure to appreciate the need for conceptual analysis. The cost of repudiating it has not been sufficiently appreciated; without it, we cannot address a whole raft of important questions.I have always been suspicious of excessively abstract theorizing in philosophy. I think that an important test of metaphilosophical claims is whether they make good sense in the context of particular problems. The discussion in the book is, accordingly, anchored in particular philosophical debates. The basic framework is developed in the first three chapters via a consideration of the role of conceptual analysis in the debate over the doctrine in metaphysics known as physicalism, with digressions on free will, meaning, personal identity, motion, and change, and then applied in the last three chapters to current debates over colour and ethics.Less
Conceptual analysis is currently out of favour, especially in North America. This is partly through misunderstanding of its nature. Properly understood, conceptual analysis is not a mysterious activity discredited by Quine that seeks after the a priori in some hard‐to‐understand sense. It is, rather, something familiar to everyone, philosophers and non‐philosophers alike—or so I argue. Another reason for its unpopularity is a failure to appreciate the need for conceptual analysis. The cost of repudiating it has not been sufficiently appreciated; without it, we cannot address a whole raft of important questions.
I have always been suspicious of excessively abstract theorizing in philosophy. I think that an important test of metaphilosophical claims is whether they make good sense in the context of particular problems. The discussion in the book is, accordingly, anchored in particular philosophical debates. The basic framework is developed in the first three chapters via a consideration of the role of conceptual analysis in the debate over the doctrine in metaphysics known as physicalism, with digressions on free will, meaning, personal identity, motion, and change, and then applied in the last three chapters to current debates over colour and ethics.
Yannis M. Ioannides
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691126852
- eISBN:
- 9781400845385
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691126852.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations—determining where households live, how children learn, ...
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Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations—determining where households live, how children learn, and what cities and firms produce. This book synthesizes the recent economics of social interactions for anyone seeking to understand the contributions of this important area. Integrating theory and empirics, the book explores theoretical and empirical tools that economists use to investigate social interactions, and shows how a familiarity with these tools is essential for interpreting findings. It makes work in the economics of social interactions accessible to other social scientists, including sociologists, political scientists, and urban planning and policy researchers. Focusing on individual and household location decisions in the presence of interactions, the book shows how research on cities and neighborhoods can explain community composition and spatial form, as well as changes in productivity, industrial specialization, urban expansion, and national growth. It examines how researchers address the challenge of separating personal, social, and cultural forces from economic ones. It provides a toolkit for the next generation of inquiry, and argues that quantifying the impact of social interactions in specific contexts is essential for grasping their scope and use in informing policy. Revealing how empirical work on social interactions enriches our understanding of cities as engines of innovation and economic growth, the book carries ramifications throughout the social sciences and beyond.Less
Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations—determining where households live, how children learn, and what cities and firms produce. This book synthesizes the recent economics of social interactions for anyone seeking to understand the contributions of this important area. Integrating theory and empirics, the book explores theoretical and empirical tools that economists use to investigate social interactions, and shows how a familiarity with these tools is essential for interpreting findings. It makes work in the economics of social interactions accessible to other social scientists, including sociologists, political scientists, and urban planning and policy researchers. Focusing on individual and household location decisions in the presence of interactions, the book shows how research on cities and neighborhoods can explain community composition and spatial form, as well as changes in productivity, industrial specialization, urban expansion, and national growth. It examines how researchers address the challenge of separating personal, social, and cultural forces from economic ones. It provides a toolkit for the next generation of inquiry, and argues that quantifying the impact of social interactions in specific contexts is essential for grasping their scope and use in informing policy. Revealing how empirical work on social interactions enriches our understanding of cities as engines of innovation and economic growth, the book carries ramifications throughout the social sciences and beyond.
David B. Audretsch, Max C. Keilbach, and Erik E. Lehmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195183511
- eISBN:
- 9780199783663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183511.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter tests the Entrepreneurial Performance Hypothesis, which suggests that the performance of knowledge-based startups should be superior when they are able to access knowledge spillovers ...
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This chapter tests the Entrepreneurial Performance Hypothesis, which suggests that the performance of knowledge-based startups should be superior when they are able to access knowledge spillovers through geographic proximity to universities as a source of knowledge. It is shown that the exact relationship between location and entrepreneurial performance is complex. The impact of geographic proximity on entrepreneurial performance is shaped by the amount and type of knowledge produced at a university. If the research output of a university is meagre, close proximity to a university will not bestow significant performance benefits. However, close proximity to a university with strong research output and spillover mechanisms enhances entrepreneurial performance.Less
This chapter tests the Entrepreneurial Performance Hypothesis, which suggests that the performance of knowledge-based startups should be superior when they are able to access knowledge spillovers through geographic proximity to universities as a source of knowledge. It is shown that the exact relationship between location and entrepreneurial performance is complex. The impact of geographic proximity on entrepreneurial performance is shaped by the amount and type of knowledge produced at a university. If the research output of a university is meagre, close proximity to a university will not bestow significant performance benefits. However, close proximity to a university with strong research output and spillover mechanisms enhances entrepreneurial performance.
Robert James Matthys
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198529712
- eISBN:
- 9780191712791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529712.003.0030
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
The rate of a pendulum clock is affected by air pressure. As the air pressure increases, the clock slows down, and vice versa. The basic cause is that the pendulum floats in a sea of air, and when ...
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The rate of a pendulum clock is affected by air pressure. As the air pressure increases, the clock slows down, and vice versa. The basic cause is that the pendulum floats in a sea of air, and when the density of the air changes, the effective weight of the pendulum changes by a small but significant amount. A pendulum's sensitivity to air pressure depends on bob shape and density, and is in the range of 0.2-0.4 second per day per inch of mercury. A pendulum clock is normally set to run true over some length of time, meaning a nominally zero time error is obtained at the average air pressure during that time period. This chapter shows that a clock's time error varies considerably with location. In addition, the predominant effect of air pressure is long-term time error, not short term, as any effects of one year or more in duration are considered long term.Less
The rate of a pendulum clock is affected by air pressure. As the air pressure increases, the clock slows down, and vice versa. The basic cause is that the pendulum floats in a sea of air, and when the density of the air changes, the effective weight of the pendulum changes by a small but significant amount. A pendulum's sensitivity to air pressure depends on bob shape and density, and is in the range of 0.2-0.4 second per day per inch of mercury. A pendulum clock is normally set to run true over some length of time, meaning a nominally zero time error is obtained at the average air pressure during that time period. This chapter shows that a clock's time error varies considerably with location. In addition, the predominant effect of air pressure is long-term time error, not short term, as any effects of one year or more in duration are considered long term.
Marilyn McCord Adams
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199591053
- eISBN:
- 9780191595554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591053.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Philosophy of Religion
Aquinas treats quantity as the reified accident to which it essentially pertains to be divided into distinct parts at a distance from one another. Quantity thus explains the divisibility of matter ...
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Aquinas treats quantity as the reified accident to which it essentially pertains to be divided into distinct parts at a distance from one another. Quantity thus explains the divisibility of matter and mediates the relation of substances and qualities to place. This chapter examines Ockham's moves to deconstruct Aquinas' picture and to expose reified quantity as an explanatory fifth wheel. It also explores the implications of Ockham's own view that material substances are divided into parts in and of themselves, and that their parts are present to place (if at all) immediately. Like Scotus, Ockham defends the metaphysical possibility of the multiple location as well as the definitive location of bodies. Ockham maintains that Christ's Body is on eucharistic altars definitively, and further contends that — since presence and proximity are key for Aristotelian causal exposure — definitive placement will mean the presence of all the parts at each place and lead to more causal exposure than circumscriptive placement would.Less
Aquinas treats quantity as the reified accident to which it essentially pertains to be divided into distinct parts at a distance from one another. Quantity thus explains the divisibility of matter and mediates the relation of substances and qualities to place. This chapter examines Ockham's moves to deconstruct Aquinas' picture and to expose reified quantity as an explanatory fifth wheel. It also explores the implications of Ockham's own view that material substances are divided into parts in and of themselves, and that their parts are present to place (if at all) immediately. Like Scotus, Ockham defends the metaphysical possibility of the multiple location as well as the definitive location of bodies. Ockham maintains that Christ's Body is on eucharistic altars definitively, and further contends that — since presence and proximity are key for Aristotelian causal exposure — definitive placement will mean the presence of all the parts at each place and lead to more causal exposure than circumscriptive placement would.
Andrew Inkpen and Kannan Ramaswamy
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195167207
- eISBN:
- 9780199789825
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195167207.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter continues the discussion of knowledge, shifting the focus to the global allocation of knowledge-based resources. It argues that the current wave of globalization promises to change the ...
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This chapter continues the discussion of knowledge, shifting the focus to the global allocation of knowledge-based resources. It argues that the current wave of globalization promises to change the way MNEs decide on the preferred location for their value added functions and activities. Recent trends in the management of knowledge resources have important implications for the formulation and execution of global strategy. In particular, the controversial topic of offshoring gives rise to a new set of strategic issues. The chapter proposes that the decision to use offshoring for functions with a large knowledge component should be a function of country-specific considerations. The considerations should center on the ability to leverage the unique location specific characteristics to add superior value to the function and to the firm. The chapter also examines the type of knowledge functions that can be outsourced and the major decisions necessary to execute an outsourcing entry strategy.Less
This chapter continues the discussion of knowledge, shifting the focus to the global allocation of knowledge-based resources. It argues that the current wave of globalization promises to change the way MNEs decide on the preferred location for their value added functions and activities. Recent trends in the management of knowledge resources have important implications for the formulation and execution of global strategy. In particular, the controversial topic of offshoring gives rise to a new set of strategic issues. The chapter proposes that the decision to use offshoring for functions with a large knowledge component should be a function of country-specific considerations. The considerations should center on the ability to leverage the unique location specific characteristics to add superior value to the function and to the firm. The chapter also examines the type of knowledge functions that can be outsourced and the major decisions necessary to execute an outsourcing entry strategy.
Jennifer A. Glancy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195328158
- eISBN:
- 9780199777143
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328158.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Early Christian Studies
In daily practice the embodied interactions and embodied self-understandings of Christians were subject to the status-conscious corporal pedagogy of the Roman Empire. Socially located experiences ...
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In daily practice the embodied interactions and embodied self-understandings of Christians were subject to the status-conscious corporal pedagogy of the Roman Empire. Socially located experiences inform what a body knows. Nonetheless, corporal epistemology—what a body knows—exceeds inscription by social location. While social location is inevitably implicated in corporal knowing, what is known in the body is not exhausted by location in a social grid. In disturbing ways, the practice of torture relies on parallel logic, that is, on the conviction that truth can be beaten out of bodies and squeezed from flesh. In light of ongoing debates about torture, claims about corporal knowing are not anodyne claims. The epilogue nonetheless acknowledges the diverse phenomena of corporal knowing and the significance of those phenomena for a cultural history of Christian origins.Less
In daily practice the embodied interactions and embodied self-understandings of Christians were subject to the status-conscious corporal pedagogy of the Roman Empire. Socially located experiences inform what a body knows. Nonetheless, corporal epistemology—what a body knows—exceeds inscription by social location. While social location is inevitably implicated in corporal knowing, what is known in the body is not exhausted by location in a social grid. In disturbing ways, the practice of torture relies on parallel logic, that is, on the conviction that truth can be beaten out of bodies and squeezed from flesh. In light of ongoing debates about torture, claims about corporal knowing are not anodyne claims. The epilogue nonetheless acknowledges the diverse phenomena of corporal knowing and the significance of those phenomena for a cultural history of Christian origins.
Marian Stamp Dawkins
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198569350
- eISBN:
- 9780191717512
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198569350.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Having concentrated mainly on measuring the amount of behaviour animals do, this chapter looks at a variety of measurements that can be made, such as when behaviour occurs, the sequence in which ...
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Having concentrated mainly on measuring the amount of behaviour animals do, this chapter looks at a variety of measurements that can be made, such as when behaviour occurs, the sequence in which animals behave, where behaviour occurs, and which other animals they are associating with. There are plenty of examples to illustrate how important studies can be done with the minimum of equipment.Less
Having concentrated mainly on measuring the amount of behaviour animals do, this chapter looks at a variety of measurements that can be made, such as when behaviour occurs, the sequence in which animals behave, where behaviour occurs, and which other animals they are associating with. There are plenty of examples to illustrate how important studies can be done with the minimum of equipment.
Christel Lane and Jocelyn Probert
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199214815
- eISBN:
- 9780191721779
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214815.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Political Economy
This chapter surveys the factors that have given rise to foreign sourcing and analyses the divergent manner in which national institutional environments, as well as international regulatory bodies, ...
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This chapter surveys the factors that have given rise to foreign sourcing and analyses the divergent manner in which national institutional environments, as well as international regulatory bodies, have shaped the coordination and governance of global production networks (GPNs). It shows how, in building GPNs, firms' various strategic concerns, particularly cost reduction, flexibility (in terms of capacity variation), and management of the extremely volatile competitive environment, have interacted with both domestic and global institutional opportunities and constraints to result in a complex web of influences. Additionally, the nationally diverse capabilities, resources and strategies of retail customers are shown to exert a strong influence on power relations in the GPN. In outlining different national sourcing strategies, the chapter explores both the mode of sourcing and the locational choices of firms. Finally, it analyses the nature of relationships in the network between western buyer firms and their contractors in low-wage countries.Less
This chapter surveys the factors that have given rise to foreign sourcing and analyses the divergent manner in which national institutional environments, as well as international regulatory bodies, have shaped the coordination and governance of global production networks (GPNs). It shows how, in building GPNs, firms' various strategic concerns, particularly cost reduction, flexibility (in terms of capacity variation), and management of the extremely volatile competitive environment, have interacted with both domestic and global institutional opportunities and constraints to result in a complex web of influences. Additionally, the nationally diverse capabilities, resources and strategies of retail customers are shown to exert a strong influence on power relations in the GPN. In outlining different national sourcing strategies, the chapter explores both the mode of sourcing and the locational choices of firms. Finally, it analyses the nature of relationships in the network between western buyer firms and their contractors in low-wage countries.
Lucy O'Brien
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199261482
- eISBN:
- 9780191718632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261482.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
This chapter explores the claim that bodily awareness is a perceptual faculty or, more realistically, set of faculties. It shows that there are a number of ways to construe the widely accepted claim ...
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This chapter explores the claim that bodily awareness is a perceptual faculty or, more realistically, set of faculties. It shows that there are a number of ways to construe the widely accepted claim that bodily awareness is a perceptual faculty. Bodily awareness can be construed as a faculty which enables us to perceive properties of our bodies — its shape, location, movement, as well as phenomenal pain properties, tickle properties, and the like. Unless one is a sceptic about secondary properties, or has a specific reason for thinking that there could not be phenomenal perceptible properties of our bodies, there is no impediment to doing so.Less
This chapter explores the claim that bodily awareness is a perceptual faculty or, more realistically, set of faculties. It shows that there are a number of ways to construe the widely accepted claim that bodily awareness is a perceptual faculty. Bodily awareness can be construed as a faculty which enables us to perceive properties of our bodies — its shape, location, movement, as well as phenomenal pain properties, tickle properties, and the like. Unless one is a sceptic about secondary properties, or has a specific reason for thinking that there could not be phenomenal perceptible properties of our bodies, there is no impediment to doing so.
Ágnes Lukács, Peter Rebrus, and Miklós Törkenczy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264607
- eISBN:
- 9780191734366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264607.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter evaluates the defective verbal paradigms in the Hungarian language. The first section of the chapter provides an overview of the defectiveness in Hungarian, with emphasis on the ...
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This chapter evaluates the defective verbal paradigms in the Hungarian language. The first section of the chapter provides an overview of the defectiveness in Hungarian, with emphasis on the systematic, phonotactically motivated defectiveness of the paradigms of some verbal stems. The aim of this section is to be as theoretically neutral and descriptive as possible to facilitate a good comparison with other types of defectiveness in other languages. The second section of the chapter discusses the results of the experiments which are conducted in order to determine the various aspects of the defectiveness in the verbal paradigm. Some of the aspects tested include: the gap locations such as the occurrence and variation of forms in other designated cells of the verbal paradigm, and the correlations between the occurrence of forms in some designated cells; and the gap properties such as the differences in the classification of some verb stems into various stem-classes, and the range of variation exhibited by the forms that native Hungarian speakers accept as fill-ins for the gaps that are present in the paradigms of the defective verbs.Less
This chapter evaluates the defective verbal paradigms in the Hungarian language. The first section of the chapter provides an overview of the defectiveness in Hungarian, with emphasis on the systematic, phonotactically motivated defectiveness of the paradigms of some verbal stems. The aim of this section is to be as theoretically neutral and descriptive as possible to facilitate a good comparison with other types of defectiveness in other languages. The second section of the chapter discusses the results of the experiments which are conducted in order to determine the various aspects of the defectiveness in the verbal paradigm. Some of the aspects tested include: the gap locations such as the occurrence and variation of forms in other designated cells of the verbal paradigm, and the correlations between the occurrence of forms in some designated cells; and the gap properties such as the differences in the classification of some verb stems into various stem-classes, and the range of variation exhibited by the forms that native Hungarian speakers accept as fill-ins for the gaps that are present in the paradigms of the defective verbs.
Kees Hengeveld and J. Lachlan Mackenzie
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199278107
- eISBN:
- 9780191707797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278107.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
This chapter, the longest in the book, presents the Representational Level of FDG, which is a layered structure indicating the part-whole relations among semantic categories. After a discussion of ...
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This chapter, the longest in the book, presents the Representational Level of FDG, which is a layered structure indicating the part-whole relations among semantic categories. After a discussion of the hierarchically related categories, the chapter progresses to those that enter into equipollent relations, and finally to reflexive language.Less
This chapter, the longest in the book, presents the Representational Level of FDG, which is a layered structure indicating the part-whole relations among semantic categories. After a discussion of the hierarchically related categories, the chapter progresses to those that enter into equipollent relations, and finally to reflexive language.
Michael McCloskey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195168693
- eISBN:
- 9780199871513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168693.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter provides a brief case history for AH and describes the preliminary results that led to a focus on her processing of visual location and orientation information. AH was an 18-year-old ...
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This chapter provides a brief case history for AH and describes the preliminary results that led to a focus on her processing of visual location and orientation information. AH was an 18-year-old freshman at Johns Hopkins University when the study began in December 1991. When testing ended in May 1995, she was 21 years old and had just graduated from Johns Hopkins. Her neurological status, educational history, and impaired location and orientation processing are described. AH was strikingly impaired across a variety of direct-copy tasks with diverse stimulus materials. Despite the fact that the stimuli remained in view while she produced her copies, she made frequent and blatant errors even for very simple stimuli. AH's direct-copy errors systematically involved mislocation or misorientation of stimulus objects or their parts. Moreover, the location and orientation errors were not random but instead took the form of left-right or up-down reflections. These results clearly demonstrated that AH suffered from some form of impairment that affected her processing of location and orientation information.Less
This chapter provides a brief case history for AH and describes the preliminary results that led to a focus on her processing of visual location and orientation information. AH was an 18-year-old freshman at Johns Hopkins University when the study began in December 1991. When testing ended in May 1995, she was 21 years old and had just graduated from Johns Hopkins. Her neurological status, educational history, and impaired location and orientation processing are described. AH was strikingly impaired across a variety of direct-copy tasks with diverse stimulus materials. Despite the fact that the stimuli remained in view while she produced her copies, she made frequent and blatant errors even for very simple stimuli. AH's direct-copy errors systematically involved mislocation or misorientation of stimulus objects or their parts. Moreover, the location and orientation errors were not random but instead took the form of left-right or up-down reflections. These results clearly demonstrated that AH suffered from some form of impairment that affected her processing of location and orientation information.
Michael McCloskey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195168693
- eISBN:
- 9780199871513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168693.003.0018
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter presents results concerning AH's head and eye movements and the consequences of these movements for her visual location perception. It shows that AH often moved her head and eyes in the ...
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This chapter presents results concerning AH's head and eye movements and the consequences of these movements for her visual location perception. It shows that AH often moved her head and eyes in the wrong direction when attempting to orient toward a visual stimulus. It then reports a far more surprising result: AH's misperceptions of object location often remained stable across head and eye movements. For this latter result, the chapter offers a speculative interpretation concerning the processes that generate high-level visual location representations. Finally, it discusses the implications of AH's performance for issues concerning the levels of the visual system implicated in conscious visual experience.Less
This chapter presents results concerning AH's head and eye movements and the consequences of these movements for her visual location perception. It shows that AH often moved her head and eyes in the wrong direction when attempting to orient toward a visual stimulus. It then reports a far more surprising result: AH's misperceptions of object location often remained stable across head and eye movements. For this latter result, the chapter offers a speculative interpretation concerning the processes that generate high-level visual location representations. Finally, it discusses the implications of AH's performance for issues concerning the levels of the visual system implicated in conscious visual experience.
