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One of the revealing tactics for addressing housing supply pressures in the rural areas is the selective targeting of ‘local’ needs. This involves giving priority access to ‘local people’. Priority access to specified groups is often a requirement, written into a planning obligation where affordable housing is delivered through an exceptional permission or secured as a planning gain within a private development. In some instances, occupancy conditions have been attached to all new housing developments in an area. The local planning authority which enabled the scheme through its development control function has the responsibility to ensure that housing for local needs fulfils this purpose. This tactic is revealing: first, it highlights the indirect nature of the public response to the need for affordable housing; and second, it shows how authorities address the specific needs of a part of the housing market without increasing the general supply thereby mustering local support for development. However, this tactic has several issues and dilemmas. This chapter discusses the issues attached to the selective targeting of the ‘local’ needs. First, it discusses the controversy surrounding the priority given to ‘local people’. Second, it examines the effectiveness and the success of the tactic. Third, it analyses the implications of the giving priority to local needs on the general supply of housing as well as the undesirable consequences of the tactic. Fourth, the chapter discusses the people that should be given priority — it identifies who is ‘local’. And finally, the chapter discusses to what extent the tactic can be used to widen the social mix and create more ‘sustainable’ rural communities.

This chapter addresses, through different perspectives, the role that shared archaeology and heritage work in the Caerau and Ely Rediscovering Heritage Project (CAER). From the beginning, the guiding principle has been to actively involve community members, groups, and heritage professionals in the co-production of archaeological and historical research. The project is focused on the Cardiff suburbs of Caerau and Ely. The knowledge, energy, and creativity of local people have been expressed through their engagement both with their local heritage and each other. It is the action of doing things together that has led to local communities having a stake both in the archaeology and the future of the area. Through enabling people to contribute in different ways, and to different intensities, the project has sought to hold the production of archaeological knowledge and social and political change in dynamic relationship.

This chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to explore the role of local people in the success or failure of imperial expansion. Far from being mere victims, these people found ways to profit from imperial maneuverings: they could find employment and profit as allies, or they might direct the interests and energies of imperial powers against their traditional enemies. Indeed, imperial “expansion” was very often illusory, and Europeans' ability to project power actually depended entirely on local cooperation. The remainder of the chapter discusses the model set by the Spanish empire to which other European powers aspired; and the importance of intercultural alliances in the success of imperial expansion, which in turn resulted in new forms of warfare.

Recognizing the limitations of Wednesdays in Mississippi's personal approach to creating racial change, the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) helped WIMS re-envision itself as "Workshops in Mississippi." Workshops in Mississippi connected grassroots, local, and impoverished women with government officials and private foundations to help the women implement self help programs. Also, following NCNW's securing of tax-exempt status in May 1966 (retroactively to December 1965), it won a $300,000 Ford Foundation grant for Project Womanpower, a program to bring together black women across to the country to strengthen their community activism. Finally, NCNW created the Commission on Community Cooperation, which hosted a series of workshops in the aftermath of the 1967 Newark and Patterson rebellions. Through these workshops in the late 1960s, NCNW leadership embraced a new model of community expert as a local and/or impoverished woman who understood poverty first-hand.

The Introduction describes the lead up to the 2007 overturning by the Supreme Court of the Louisville local desegregation plan for schools. For almost as long as communities have struggled with the problem of school desegregation, scholars have documented and analyzed the process and its results. This book, the Introduction explains, differs from the traditional community study text by using oral history interviews to convey much of the story. This approach strengthens the focus on local people by using their words, takes advantage of the richness of the available oral sources, and reveals additional layers of information and interpretation.

This chapter describes the Shikoku pilgrimage and shows how itinerant ascetics and legends helped shape its development. It shows that the idea of unending itinerancy was embedded in the pilgrimage from the outset, articulated in foundation legends and the asceticism of early pilgrims, and facilitated by the circuit-like structure of the route, in which pilgrims on completing the route return to their point of departure and thus simultaneously are at the end and start of the pilgrimage. It provides case studies of famed historical pilgrims who walked multiple times and shows how faith in the holy Buddhist figure Kōbō Daishi, depicted as a perennially wandering pilgrim in Shikoku, played a part in encouraging repetition. It further indicates how local customs, including almsgiving and themes of competition among pilgrims, have further encouraged the culture of multiple performance in Shikoku.