Colin Crouch, Martin SchröDer, and Helmut Voelzkow
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199551170
- eISBN:
- 9780191720802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199551170.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy, Innovation
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts. It begins with a review of the objectives of the research project on which this book was based. It then discusses the findings of the case studies. It ...
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This chapter presents some concluding thoughts. It begins with a review of the objectives of the research project on which this book was based. It then discusses the findings of the case studies. It provides answers to the three questions raised in Chapter 1: Do governance structures of the local economies conform to the national innovation regime of their country, in which they are ‘embedded’, or do local economies institutionally diverge? Can it be shown that particularities in the governance of local economies contribute to the economic success of these entities? Does the divergence of local economies from structural patterns of the national innovation and production system enable us to suggest in which institutional elements local economies may successfully diverge from the national model and in which not?Less
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts. It begins with a review of the objectives of the research project on which this book was based. It then discusses the findings of the case studies. It provides answers to the three questions raised in Chapter 1: Do governance structures of the local economies conform to the national innovation regime of their country, in which they are ‘embedded’, or do local economies institutionally diverge? Can it be shown that particularities in the governance of local economies contribute to the economic success of these entities? Does the divergence of local economies from structural patterns of the national innovation and production system enable us to suggest in which institutional elements local economies may successfully diverge from the national model and in which not?
Christopher Balding
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199842902
- eISBN:
- 9780199932498
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842902.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Sovereign wealth funds are a dynamic and sizeable force in international finance. There is surprisingly little information about their history, economics, investments, and politics. This book seeks ...
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Sovereign wealth funds are a dynamic and sizeable force in international finance. There is surprisingly little information about their history, economics, investments, and politics. This book seeks to provide a better understanding of sovereign wealth funds beginning with their history and their evolution from small stabilization funds into major institutional investors. Then the book turns to the economics and finance of sovereign wealth funds seeking to understand the unique challenges facing states that establish sovereign wealth funds and how well they accomplish their task of stabilizing small oil dependent states and managing surplus capital reserves. Despite the focus on the potential for sovereign wealth funds to leverage their financial capital into foreign policy influence, the political ramifications of concentrated public wealth is demonstrated through distorted local economies and stunted domestic politics. Using a variety of case studies from major and unique sovereign wealth fund states coupled with an analysis of their historical, economic, and financial framework, this books lays out a framework of the challenges facing sovereign wealth funds and their founding states.Less
Sovereign wealth funds are a dynamic and sizeable force in international finance. There is surprisingly little information about their history, economics, investments, and politics. This book seeks to provide a better understanding of sovereign wealth funds beginning with their history and their evolution from small stabilization funds into major institutional investors. Then the book turns to the economics and finance of sovereign wealth funds seeking to understand the unique challenges facing states that establish sovereign wealth funds and how well they accomplish their task of stabilizing small oil dependent states and managing surplus capital reserves. Despite the focus on the potential for sovereign wealth funds to leverage their financial capital into foreign policy influence, the political ramifications of concentrated public wealth is demonstrated through distorted local economies and stunted domestic politics. Using a variety of case studies from major and unique sovereign wealth fund states coupled with an analysis of their historical, economic, and financial framework, this books lays out a framework of the challenges facing sovereign wealth funds and their founding states.
Colin Crouch and Martin Scott Hill
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The global crisis in the steel industry from the mid-1970s led to plant closures and massive unemployment in Sheffield. This chapter examines the attempts to halt the decline of Sheffield’s ...
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The global crisis in the steel industry from the mid-1970s led to plant closures and massive unemployment in Sheffield. This chapter examines the attempts to halt the decline of Sheffield’s industrial base, and the development of partnerships between local, regional, and European levels of government and the private sector from the mid-1980s. It then looks at some of the main projects aimed at reviving the city’s economy.Less
The global crisis in the steel industry from the mid-1970s led to plant closures and massive unemployment in Sheffield. This chapter examines the attempts to halt the decline of Sheffield’s industrial base, and the development of partnerships between local, regional, and European levels of government and the private sector from the mid-1980s. It then looks at some of the main projects aimed at reviving the city’s economy.
Patrick Le Galès
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters nine to twelve. The changing modes of governance in steel cities, and provision of local collective competition ...
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This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters nine to twelve. The changing modes of governance in steel cities, and provision of local collective competition goods are discussed. It is shown that the restructuring of former steel cities requires heavy public policies and investments; partnerships between the public and private sectors; and the use of concepts, rhetorics, and strategies associated with networked small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), governance, and local clusters.Less
This chapter synthesizes the results of the four case studies discussed in chapters nine to twelve. The changing modes of governance in steel cities, and provision of local collective competition goods are discussed. It is shown that the restructuring of former steel cities requires heavy public policies and investments; partnerships between the public and private sectors; and the use of concepts, rhetorics, and strategies associated with networked small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), governance, and local clusters.
Patrick Le GalÈs and Olivier Tirmarche
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines the impact of the restructuring of economic policies in St Etienne. It discusses the rise and fall of industrial development, the slow rise of services and dynamism of small- ...
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This chapter examines the impact of the restructuring of economic policies in St Etienne. It discusses the rise and fall of industrial development, the slow rise of services and dynamism of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), firms’ use of collective competition goods (CCGs), and economic development polices in St Etienne. It shows that economic programmes led to the deterritorialization of production and use of CCGs; and clustering for certain kinds of CCGs to establish a solid base prior to facing foreign markets.Less
This chapter examines the impact of the restructuring of economic policies in St Etienne. It discusses the rise and fall of industrial development, the slow rise of services and dynamism of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), firms’ use of collective competition goods (CCGs), and economic development polices in St Etienne. It shows that economic programmes led to the deterritorialization of production and use of CCGs; and clustering for certain kinds of CCGs to establish a solid base prior to facing foreign markets.
Colin Crouch and Helmut Voelzkow
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
The main aim of this book is to determine the national patterns of local production systems, particularly those involving small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in France, Germany, Italy, and ...
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The main aim of this book is to determine the national patterns of local production systems, particularly those involving small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. This chapter lays down the theoretical foundations for this volume then explains the methodologies used for the selection and analysis of case studies. An overview of the case studies is then presented.Less
The main aim of this book is to determine the national patterns of local production systems, particularly those involving small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. This chapter lays down the theoretical foundations for this volume then explains the methodologies used for the selection and analysis of case studies. An overview of the case studies is then presented.
Henry Farrell and Louise Holten
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines the packaging machinery cluster in Bologna. It focuses on the mix of governance institutions affecting the industrial district of packaging machine producers, and the ‘Emilian ...
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This chapter examines the packaging machinery cluster in Bologna. It focuses on the mix of governance institutions affecting the industrial district of packaging machine producers, and the ‘Emilian model’ as a whole — the state, associations, and relations among firms. It argues that local collective competition goods determine the success or failure of industrial districts.Less
This chapter examines the packaging machinery cluster in Bologna. It focuses on the mix of governance institutions affecting the industrial district of packaging machine producers, and the ‘Emilian model’ as a whole — the state, associations, and relations among firms. It argues that local collective competition goods determine the success or failure of industrial districts.
Annalisa Tonarelli
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199259403
- eISBN:
- 9780191603020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259402.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines the efforts to revitalize the Piombino area following the decline of the steel industry. The strategies and actors involved in managing the decline are discussed. It is shown ...
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This chapter examines the efforts to revitalize the Piombino area following the decline of the steel industry. The strategies and actors involved in managing the decline are discussed. It is shown that revitalization strategies succeeded due to the early attention given by the local political class to the initial signs of crisis in the steel sector, and the acceptance of financial opportunities offered by the EU and other institutions.Less
This chapter examines the efforts to revitalize the Piombino area following the decline of the steel industry. The strategies and actors involved in managing the decline are discussed. It is shown that revitalization strategies succeeded due to the early attention given by the local political class to the initial signs of crisis in the steel sector, and the acceptance of financial opportunities offered by the EU and other institutions.
THOMAS P. POWER
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203162
- eISBN:
- 9780191675768
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203162.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses Tipperary’s economic development. The 18th century witnessed the integration of the local economy more intimately into the wider market economy. Up to mid-century, pastoral ...
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This chapter discusses Tipperary’s economic development. The 18th century witnessed the integration of the local economy more intimately into the wider market economy. Up to mid-century, pastoral farming was the prevailing agricultural pursuit, an activity which accorded with a low population in the countryside and an undercapitalization of agriculture. From the 1760s, however, stimulated by subsidies from central government, cereal cultivation expanded markedly and was reflected in the spread of flour mills and the rise of a class of capitalized grain farmers. Almost contemporaneous with the expansion in cereal cultivation was the decline, protracted but definite, of the traditional textile industry especially in its main centre, Carrick-on-Suir, a process which entailed the transfer of Quaker entrepreneurial skills and capital from the declining textile to the emergent flour-milling industry. Sustained prosperity was also evident in the growth of fairs, the emergence of banking facilities, the expansion of towns, and changes in the merchant community.Less
This chapter discusses Tipperary’s economic development. The 18th century witnessed the integration of the local economy more intimately into the wider market economy. Up to mid-century, pastoral farming was the prevailing agricultural pursuit, an activity which accorded with a low population in the countryside and an undercapitalization of agriculture. From the 1760s, however, stimulated by subsidies from central government, cereal cultivation expanded markedly and was reflected in the spread of flour mills and the rise of a class of capitalized grain farmers. Almost contemporaneous with the expansion in cereal cultivation was the decline, protracted but definite, of the traditional textile industry especially in its main centre, Carrick-on-Suir, a process which entailed the transfer of Quaker entrepreneurial skills and capital from the declining textile to the emergent flour-milling industry. Sustained prosperity was also evident in the growth of fairs, the emergence of banking facilities, the expansion of towns, and changes in the merchant community.
Oliver Zimmer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199571208
- eISBN:
- 9780191751233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571208.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter examines the remaking of economic life as a struggle fought out between different sections within the urban economy that subscribed to competing spatial visions. Some envisaged their ...
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This chapter examines the remaking of economic life as a struggle fought out between different sections within the urban economy that subscribed to competing spatial visions. Some envisaged their town as the result of a journey, whilst others imagined it as a well-ordered place. The remaking of urban economies took place in a competitive climate, one in which town authorities and the wider public drew on available statistical information to compare themselves with their closest rivals.Less
This chapter examines the remaking of economic life as a struggle fought out between different sections within the urban economy that subscribed to competing spatial visions. Some envisaged their town as the result of a journey, whilst others imagined it as a well-ordered place. The remaking of urban economies took place in a competitive climate, one in which town authorities and the wider public drew on available statistical information to compare themselves with their closest rivals.
Michael L. Walden
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832219
- eISBN:
- 9781469605760
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888742_walden.8
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter demonstrates that North Carolina has many varied local economies. Furthermore, the trends and forces of the Connected Age have affected these diverse economies in different ways. Some ...
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This chapter demonstrates that North Carolina has many varied local economies. Furthermore, the trends and forces of the Connected Age have affected these diverse economies in different ways. Some have benefited from and excelled as a result of the Connected Age's emphasis on education, deregulation, and international trade, while others have been battered and challenged to remain viable. Thus, at the ground level, in the multiple regions, counties, towns, and places that make up North Carolina, the story of the modern economy has been a dream for some and a virtual nightmare for others. The chapter also examines the impact of the Connected Age on North Carolina's places in two ways. First, a comparative analysis of the state's local economies during the Connected Age is presented, emphasizing how performance has varied during the era. Second, each of the state's local economies is analyzed. The analyses show how each local economy has changed during the Connected Age and its prospects for the future.Less
This chapter demonstrates that North Carolina has many varied local economies. Furthermore, the trends and forces of the Connected Age have affected these diverse economies in different ways. Some have benefited from and excelled as a result of the Connected Age's emphasis on education, deregulation, and international trade, while others have been battered and challenged to remain viable. Thus, at the ground level, in the multiple regions, counties, towns, and places that make up North Carolina, the story of the modern economy has been a dream for some and a virtual nightmare for others. The chapter also examines the impact of the Connected Age on North Carolina's places in two ways. First, a comparative analysis of the state's local economies during the Connected Age is presented, emphasizing how performance has varied during the era. Second, each of the state's local economies is analyzed. The analyses show how each local economy has changed during the Connected Age and its prospects for the future.
Marjorie Topley
Jean DeBernardi (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028146
- eISBN:
- 9789882206663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028146.003.0017
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Women all over Kwangtung traditionally worked outside their home, and by this century women in other provinces were also working in cash-earning occupations. However, marriage resistance remained ...
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Women all over Kwangtung traditionally worked outside their home, and by this century women in other provinces were also working in cash-earning occupations. However, marriage resistance remained unique to one small area. In the last twenty years, however, a few social scientists have interviewed women from the resistance area who had emigrated to Hong Kong and Singapore. The interviews conducted by Ho It Chong, a former social work student at the University of Singapore, are of particular value. This chapter describes the physical environment and its effect on the local economy and culture. It then tries to isolate local factors that helped generate the resistance, encouraged the particular forms it took, and perpetuated its existence. Finally, it looks at changes in the area and elsewhere that may have contributed to the movement's decline.Less
Women all over Kwangtung traditionally worked outside their home, and by this century women in other provinces were also working in cash-earning occupations. However, marriage resistance remained unique to one small area. In the last twenty years, however, a few social scientists have interviewed women from the resistance area who had emigrated to Hong Kong and Singapore. The interviews conducted by Ho It Chong, a former social work student at the University of Singapore, are of particular value. This chapter describes the physical environment and its effect on the local economy and culture. It then tries to isolate local factors that helped generate the resistance, encouraged the particular forms it took, and perpetuated its existence. Finally, it looks at changes in the area and elsewhere that may have contributed to the movement's decline.
Rosie Edwards
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346629
- eISBN:
- 9781447301820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346629.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter sets three challenges to those seeking to tackle child poverty and social exclusion. The first is that the local economy can have an impact on child poverty. The second is that an asset- ...
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This chapter sets three challenges to those seeking to tackle child poverty and social exclusion. The first is that the local economy can have an impact on child poverty. The second is that an asset- and solution-based focus on child poverty can have a more positive and sustainable impact. The third is that children and young people should be seen as positive agents for change in their communities, who can also have an impact on both child poverty and social inclusion. The chapter starts with the perceived picture as it stands, and mention briefly some recent challenges to that picture. The chapter then explores in more detail the way in which children and young people currently feature in moves to tackle child poverty and social exclusion. It goes on to ask how different that might look from an asset-based, child- or young person-led approach that focuses on the local economy.Less
This chapter sets three challenges to those seeking to tackle child poverty and social exclusion. The first is that the local economy can have an impact on child poverty. The second is that an asset- and solution-based focus on child poverty can have a more positive and sustainable impact. The third is that children and young people should be seen as positive agents for change in their communities, who can also have an impact on both child poverty and social inclusion. The chapter starts with the perceived picture as it stands, and mention briefly some recent challenges to that picture. The chapter then explores in more detail the way in which children and young people currently feature in moves to tackle child poverty and social exclusion. It goes on to ask how different that might look from an asset-based, child- or young person-led approach that focuses on the local economy.
Carl A. Trocki
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520220096
- eISBN:
- 9780520924499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520220096.003.0027
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter demonstrates how much the development of Singapore, the most important opium trading post between India and China, hinged on Chinese economic networks. It explains that opium in ...
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This chapter demonstrates how much the development of Singapore, the most important opium trading post between India and China, hinged on Chinese economic networks. It explains that opium in Singapore was handled through privately held monopolies granted by the colonial stat known as “opium farms.” The chapter notes that these farms were owned and operated by Chinese kongsi or shareholding partnerships, and argues that opium was the trap in which the kongsi economies were captured by colonial capitalism. It shows that although as the local economies were trapped, British merchants were able, perhaps even forced, to leave the details of the opium trade to others, they relied on its presence. The British attempted to replicate their Singapore success in Hong Kong, but found it impossible to trap the local economy there, thus exposing any notion of establishing a genuine colonial foothold in China as impossible.Less
This chapter demonstrates how much the development of Singapore, the most important opium trading post between India and China, hinged on Chinese economic networks. It explains that opium in Singapore was handled through privately held monopolies granted by the colonial stat known as “opium farms.” The chapter notes that these farms were owned and operated by Chinese kongsi or shareholding partnerships, and argues that opium was the trap in which the kongsi economies were captured by colonial capitalism. It shows that although as the local economies were trapped, British merchants were able, perhaps even forced, to leave the details of the opium trade to others, they relied on its presence. The British attempted to replicate their Singapore success in Hong Kong, but found it impossible to trap the local economy there, thus exposing any notion of establishing a genuine colonial foothold in China as impossible.
Neil M. Coe and Henry Wai-chung Yeung
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198703907
- eISBN:
- 9780191773099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703907.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Knowledge Management
This chapter uses the preceding analysis of the organization, dynamics, and strategies of global production networks to explain the diverse patterns of uneven economic development within the global ...
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This chapter uses the preceding analysis of the organization, dynamics, and strategies of global production networks to explain the diverse patterns of uneven economic development within the global economy. As such, it completes the book’s three-step approach to theorizing economic development in an interconnected world with global production networks as the central driver. The chapter develops the concept of ‘value capture trajectories’ as a new way of thinking about the highly varied and dynamic outcomes for firms both articulated into, and disarticulated from, global production networks. In turn, the developmental implications of those value trajectories are analysed through the lens of the different modes and types of strategic coupling that may become apparent at the sub-national regional level. The chapter also discusses how these dynamic modes of coupling are themselves highly contested by a range of actors both within and beyond the constituent global production networks.Less
This chapter uses the preceding analysis of the organization, dynamics, and strategies of global production networks to explain the diverse patterns of uneven economic development within the global economy. As such, it completes the book’s three-step approach to theorizing economic development in an interconnected world with global production networks as the central driver. The chapter develops the concept of ‘value capture trajectories’ as a new way of thinking about the highly varied and dynamic outcomes for firms both articulated into, and disarticulated from, global production networks. In turn, the developmental implications of those value trajectories are analysed through the lens of the different modes and types of strategic coupling that may become apparent at the sub-national regional level. The chapter also discusses how these dynamic modes of coupling are themselves highly contested by a range of actors both within and beyond the constituent global production networks.
Souza Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262026413
- eISBN:
- 9780262269292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262026413.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter examines three different perspectives on economic restructuring as a civic or public problem for local democracy. These models view economic restructuring as either a problem for ...
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This chapter examines three different perspectives on economic restructuring as a civic or public problem for local democracy. These models view economic restructuring as either a problem for government decision-makers, a problem of public–private partnership, or a problem of cultivating innovative ideas, perspectives which also help in identifying problems that need to be solved by public, private, and nongovernmental sectors in the process of restructuring. The barriers and decisions faced by different stakeholders while mobilizing resources for the transformation of a local economy are also discussed. The chapter emphasizes that partnerships and cooperative networks are needed for transforming a local economy, as the problems and challenges associated with this kind of economic restructuring are complex and serious.Less
This chapter examines three different perspectives on economic restructuring as a civic or public problem for local democracy. These models view economic restructuring as either a problem for government decision-makers, a problem of public–private partnership, or a problem of cultivating innovative ideas, perspectives which also help in identifying problems that need to be solved by public, private, and nongovernmental sectors in the process of restructuring. The barriers and decisions faced by different stakeholders while mobilizing resources for the transformation of a local economy are also discussed. The chapter emphasizes that partnerships and cooperative networks are needed for transforming a local economy, as the problems and challenges associated with this kind of economic restructuring are complex and serious.
J. Edward Taylor, Karen Thome, and Mateusz Filipski
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198769446
- eISBN:
- 9780191822445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198769446.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Microeconomics
Poor households are the focus of social cash transfer (SCT) programmes, but they are also a conduit through which cash enters local economies. As beneficiaries spend their transfers, local demand ...
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Poor households are the focus of social cash transfer (SCT) programmes, but they are also a conduit through which cash enters local economies. As beneficiaries spend their transfers, local demand increases. If production expands to meet this demand, SCT programmes can create income multipliers; each dollar transferred can increase local income by more than one dollar. This chapter explains how local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) is used to uncover impacts of SCTs not only on eligible households, but also on the local economies of which they are part. We find that most of the African SCT programmes examined in this book create large income multipliers in local economies, ranging from 1.27 to 2.52 per dollar transferred to eligible households.Less
Poor households are the focus of social cash transfer (SCT) programmes, but they are also a conduit through which cash enters local economies. As beneficiaries spend their transfers, local demand increases. If production expands to meet this demand, SCT programmes can create income multipliers; each dollar transferred can increase local income by more than one dollar. This chapter explains how local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) is used to uncover impacts of SCTs not only on eligible households, but also on the local economies of which they are part. We find that most of the African SCT programmes examined in this book create large income multipliers in local economies, ranging from 1.27 to 2.52 per dollar transferred to eligible households.
Ling Chen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781503604797
- eISBN:
- 9781503605695
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503604797.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
The era of globalization saw China emerge as the world’s manufacturing titan. However, the “made in China” model—with its reliance on cheap labor and thin profits—has begun to wane. Beginning in the ...
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The era of globalization saw China emerge as the world’s manufacturing titan. However, the “made in China” model—with its reliance on cheap labor and thin profits—has begun to wane. Beginning in the 2000s, the Chinese state shifted from attracting foreign investment to promoting technological competitiveness of domestic firms. This shift, however, caused tensions between winners and losers, leading local bureaucrats to compete for resources in government budget, funding, and tax breaks. While bureaucrats successfully built coalitions to motivate businesses to upgrade in some cities, in others, vested interests within the government deprived businesses of developmental resources and left them in a desperate race to the bottom. In Manipulating Globalization, Ling Chen argues that the roots of coalitional variation lie in the type of foreign firms with which local governments forged alliances. Cities that initially attracted large global firms with a significant share of exports were more likely to experience manipulation from vested interests down the road compared to those that attracted smaller foreign firms. The book develops the argument with in-depth interviews and tests it with quantitative data across hundreds of Chinese cities and thousands of firms. Chen advances a new theory of economic policies in authoritarian regimes and informs debates about the nature of Chinese capitalism. Her findings also shed light on state-led development and coalition formation in other emerging economies that comprise the new “globalized” generation.Less
The era of globalization saw China emerge as the world’s manufacturing titan. However, the “made in China” model—with its reliance on cheap labor and thin profits—has begun to wane. Beginning in the 2000s, the Chinese state shifted from attracting foreign investment to promoting technological competitiveness of domestic firms. This shift, however, caused tensions between winners and losers, leading local bureaucrats to compete for resources in government budget, funding, and tax breaks. While bureaucrats successfully built coalitions to motivate businesses to upgrade in some cities, in others, vested interests within the government deprived businesses of developmental resources and left them in a desperate race to the bottom. In Manipulating Globalization, Ling Chen argues that the roots of coalitional variation lie in the type of foreign firms with which local governments forged alliances. Cities that initially attracted large global firms with a significant share of exports were more likely to experience manipulation from vested interests down the road compared to those that attracted smaller foreign firms. The book develops the argument with in-depth interviews and tests it with quantitative data across hundreds of Chinese cities and thousands of firms. Chen advances a new theory of economic policies in authoritarian regimes and informs debates about the nature of Chinese capitalism. Her findings also shed light on state-led development and coalition formation in other emerging economies that comprise the new “globalized” generation.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804738569
- eISBN:
- 9780804772907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804738569.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This chapter considers William Harrison's Description, where he complains that middlemen are ruining local economies all over England, and suggests that Harrison is not simply the retrograde ...
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This chapter considers William Harrison's Description, where he complains that middlemen are ruining local economies all over England, and suggests that Harrison is not simply the retrograde clergyman he appears, nor as inattentive as he seems. It is rather that he does not quite know what he knows, or does not know how to express what he knows, about demand. His Description implies a gathering tendency of behaviors, desires, and thought that has yet to find a fully articulated rationale, and which must co-exist, perforce, with a very powerful strain of entrenched opinion.Less
This chapter considers William Harrison's Description, where he complains that middlemen are ruining local economies all over England, and suggests that Harrison is not simply the retrograde clergyman he appears, nor as inattentive as he seems. It is rather that he does not quite know what he knows, or does not know how to express what he knows, about demand. His Description implies a gathering tendency of behaviors, desires, and thought that has yet to find a fully articulated rationale, and which must co-exist, perforce, with a very powerful strain of entrenched opinion.
Ediberto Román and Michael A. Olivas
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814776575
- eISBN:
- 9780814776582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814776575.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter examines the effects of undocumented immigration on local and state economies as well as the objections to immigration often made at the state or local level. It first reviews studies on ...
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This chapter examines the effects of undocumented immigration on local and state economies as well as the objections to immigration often made at the state or local level. It first reviews studies on the local impact of immigration, including the 1997–1998 National Research Council report, before discussing the notion that healthcare and K-12 education for undocumented immigrants and their families impose increased costs on state and local economies. It then considers efforts by state and local governments to implement immigration policy, such as the DREAM Act. The chapter concludes with a proposal aimed at easing the effects of undocumented immigration on states and local economies.Less
This chapter examines the effects of undocumented immigration on local and state economies as well as the objections to immigration often made at the state or local level. It first reviews studies on the local impact of immigration, including the 1997–1998 National Research Council report, before discussing the notion that healthcare and K-12 education for undocumented immigrants and their families impose increased costs on state and local economies. It then considers efforts by state and local governments to implement immigration policy, such as the DREAM Act. The chapter concludes with a proposal aimed at easing the effects of undocumented immigration on states and local economies.
