Huw Pryce and John Watts (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199285464
- eISBN:
- 9780191700330
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285464.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This volume celebrates the work of the late Rees Davies. Reflecting Davies' interest in identities, political culture, and the workings of power in medieval Britain, the chapters range across ten ...
More
This volume celebrates the work of the late Rees Davies. Reflecting Davies' interest in identities, political culture, and the workings of power in medieval Britain, the chapters range across ten centuries, looking at a variety of key topics. Issues explored range from the historical representations of peoples and the changing patterns of power and authority, to the notions of ‘core’ and ‘periphery’ and the relationship between local conditions and international movements. The political impact of words and ideas, and the parallels between developments in Wales and those elsewhere in Britain, Ireland, and Europe are also discussed.Less
This volume celebrates the work of the late Rees Davies. Reflecting Davies' interest in identities, political culture, and the workings of power in medieval Britain, the chapters range across ten centuries, looking at a variety of key topics. Issues explored range from the historical representations of peoples and the changing patterns of power and authority, to the notions of ‘core’ and ‘periphery’ and the relationship between local conditions and international movements. The political impact of words and ideas, and the parallels between developments in Wales and those elsewhere in Britain, Ireland, and Europe are also discussed.
Noriko O. Tsuya and Satomi Kurosu
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027946
- eISBN:
- 9780262325837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027946.003.0010
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter examines the patterns of and factors associated with first marriage in two farming villages in northeastern Japan in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, using data drawn from their ...
More
This chapter examines the patterns of and factors associated with first marriage in two farming villages in northeastern Japan in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, using data drawn from their annual population registers, called “ninbetsu-aratame-cho.” Marriages in these two study villages were universal and early. They were also concentratedin a narrow age band: for males age 16–20 and for females age 13–17. Ourmultivariate analysis found that a local economic downturn as measured by a rise in the local rice price reducedthe likelihood of first marriage of both men and women. An excess of never-married men at prime marriage ages relative to never-married women at prime marriage ages within the villages also reduced the probability of male first marriages and increased the likelihood of female first marriages. Household economic resources as measured by household landholding enhanced men’s first marriages, especially male virilocal marriages. Our analysis also revealed that the importance of coresident kin-such as the presence of parents and older and younger siblings-strongly and intricately influenced the likelihood of first marriage of young unmarried men and women.Less
This chapter examines the patterns of and factors associated with first marriage in two farming villages in northeastern Japan in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, using data drawn from their annual population registers, called “ninbetsu-aratame-cho.” Marriages in these two study villages were universal and early. They were also concentratedin a narrow age band: for males age 16–20 and for females age 13–17. Ourmultivariate analysis found that a local economic downturn as measured by a rise in the local rice price reducedthe likelihood of first marriage of both men and women. An excess of never-married men at prime marriage ages relative to never-married women at prime marriage ages within the villages also reduced the probability of male first marriages and increased the likelihood of female first marriages. Household economic resources as measured by household landholding enhanced men’s first marriages, especially male virilocal marriages. Our analysis also revealed that the importance of coresident kin-such as the presence of parents and older and younger siblings-strongly and intricately influenced the likelihood of first marriage of young unmarried men and women.
Mervyn Susser and Zena Stein
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195300666
- eISBN:
- 9780199863754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300666.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents a historical background on the application for population counts in epidemiology. In 1662, the London haberdasher John Graunt (1620–1674) published a slender book that was to be ...
More
This chapter presents a historical background on the application for population counts in epidemiology. In 1662, the London haberdasher John Graunt (1620–1674) published a slender book that was to be a foundation of much that was to follow in the population sciences. The book, Natural and Political Observations made upon the Bills of Mortality, reported deaths by apparent cause that were used to provide a monitoring system for plague and pestilence. Physician William Petty collected and analyzed statistics for mortality by cause and location, as in a study of the city of Dublin (first published in 1690) with a view to relating variation to local environmental conditions. His ideas have been significant and influential, more especially for economists in the health and insurance fields.Less
This chapter presents a historical background on the application for population counts in epidemiology. In 1662, the London haberdasher John Graunt (1620–1674) published a slender book that was to be a foundation of much that was to follow in the population sciences. The book, Natural and Political Observations made upon the Bills of Mortality, reported deaths by apparent cause that were used to provide a monitoring system for plague and pestilence. Physician William Petty collected and analyzed statistics for mortality by cause and location, as in a study of the city of Dublin (first published in 1690) with a view to relating variation to local environmental conditions. His ideas have been significant and influential, more especially for economists in the health and insurance fields.
G. Kelly James
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195173796
- eISBN:
- 9780199847631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173796.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter comments on those qualities that can make a difference to how the community psychologist behaves in carrying out community work. It is hoped that by making these qualities explicit, the ...
More
This chapter comments on those qualities that can make a difference to how the community psychologist behaves in carrying out community work. It is hoped that by making these qualities explicit, the power of the ecological analogy is affirmed more clearly. For the chapter, adopting the ecological perspective means shifting the focus in our communities away from our personal aspirations, our sponsoring institutions, and even the visible persons or institutions in town, and, instead, making the local conditions and the local events the forum for its work. To carry out such an expedition means doing new and different things; it means grasping the intricacies of the total community so as to identify talents and resources that are hidden yet present. It means locating the persons who care about their town.Less
This chapter comments on those qualities that can make a difference to how the community psychologist behaves in carrying out community work. It is hoped that by making these qualities explicit, the power of the ecological analogy is affirmed more clearly. For the chapter, adopting the ecological perspective means shifting the focus in our communities away from our personal aspirations, our sponsoring institutions, and even the visible persons or institutions in town, and, instead, making the local conditions and the local events the forum for its work. To carry out such an expedition means doing new and different things; it means grasping the intricacies of the total community so as to identify talents and resources that are hidden yet present. It means locating the persons who care about their town.
Rebecca Lobb, Shoba Ramanadhan, and Laura Murray
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190683214
- eISBN:
- 9780190683245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0028
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The value and challenges associated with participatory research are intensified for lower and middle-income countries because of the geographic distance between the primary research team and research ...
More
The value and challenges associated with participatory research are intensified for lower and middle-income countries because of the geographic distance between the primary research team and research setting, the limited resources and infrastructure for health, and the linguistic and cultural diversity of the residents. Dissemination and implementation research is ideally suited to improve health for populations in lower and middle-income countries because the emphasis on local context contributes to building trust between local stakeholders and researchers, and leverages emergent ideas for solutions to local problems. Moreover, the products of dissemination and implementation research include practical information to improve use of evidence-based practices in local settings and generalizable knowledge to advance science.Less
The value and challenges associated with participatory research are intensified for lower and middle-income countries because of the geographic distance between the primary research team and research setting, the limited resources and infrastructure for health, and the linguistic and cultural diversity of the residents. Dissemination and implementation research is ideally suited to improve health for populations in lower and middle-income countries because the emphasis on local context contributes to building trust between local stakeholders and researchers, and leverages emergent ideas for solutions to local problems. Moreover, the products of dissemination and implementation research include practical information to improve use of evidence-based practices in local settings and generalizable knowledge to advance science.
Molly M. Melin
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197579367
- eISBN:
- 9780197579398
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197579367.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Security Studies
This chapter examines the conditions that encourage corporations to engage in proactive peacebuilding. It explains variation in firm-led peacebuilding as a product of the operating environment. These ...
More
This chapter examines the conditions that encourage corporations to engage in proactive peacebuilding. It explains variation in firm-led peacebuilding as a product of the operating environment. These environmental variations offer insights into how corporations respond to local dynamics and shifts in political capacity, as well as threats to the ability to conduct business. The chapter also considers the alternative explanation that firms use peacebuilding to overcome past bad behavior. It tests these arguments on the original cross-national data of peacebuilding efforts. The findings bring large-N empirical analysis to a topic dominated by case studies and emphasize the need for peace science scholars to examine the role of the private sector in many of the topics we study.Less
This chapter examines the conditions that encourage corporations to engage in proactive peacebuilding. It explains variation in firm-led peacebuilding as a product of the operating environment. These environmental variations offer insights into how corporations respond to local dynamics and shifts in political capacity, as well as threats to the ability to conduct business. The chapter also considers the alternative explanation that firms use peacebuilding to overcome past bad behavior. It tests these arguments on the original cross-national data of peacebuilding efforts. The findings bring large-N empirical analysis to a topic dominated by case studies and emphasize the need for peace science scholars to examine the role of the private sector in many of the topics we study.
Peng Wang
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198758402
- eISBN:
- 9780191818349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198758402.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
Chapter 1 offers a theoretical discussion about mafia emergence. It suggests that the existing literature, centring on the theoretical framework of supply and demand for mafia services, ...
More
Chapter 1 offers a theoretical discussion about mafia emergence. It suggests that the existing literature, centring on the theoretical framework of supply and demand for mafia services, oversimplifies the process of mafia emergence. The mafia phenomenon, including the Chinese mafia, must be understood within a country’s particular culture, incorporating historical and political analysis. In order to understand the rise of mafia in contemporary China, this book establishes a new theory—the ‘socio-economic theory of mafia emergence’—by combining Gambetta’s economic theory and Granovetter’s notion of social embeddedness. In other words, it incorporates local conditions—the negative effects of guanxi practice—into the discussion of state failure and the rise of extra-legal protectors. In addition, this chapter outlines major contributions made by this book to the literature and discusses the way in which the author dealt with fieldwork challenges.Less
Chapter 1 offers a theoretical discussion about mafia emergence. It suggests that the existing literature, centring on the theoretical framework of supply and demand for mafia services, oversimplifies the process of mafia emergence. The mafia phenomenon, including the Chinese mafia, must be understood within a country’s particular culture, incorporating historical and political analysis. In order to understand the rise of mafia in contemporary China, this book establishes a new theory—the ‘socio-economic theory of mafia emergence’—by combining Gambetta’s economic theory and Granovetter’s notion of social embeddedness. In other words, it incorporates local conditions—the negative effects of guanxi practice—into the discussion of state failure and the rise of extra-legal protectors. In addition, this chapter outlines major contributions made by this book to the literature and discusses the way in which the author dealt with fieldwork challenges.
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226016061
- eISBN:
- 9780226016047
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226016047.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
One of the major globalizing forces of the past two decades has been the move toward gender equality, and the gradual involvement of increasing numbers of international agencies in programs aimed at ...
More
One of the major globalizing forces of the past two decades has been the move toward gender equality, and the gradual involvement of increasing numbers of international agencies in programs aimed at eradicating the systemic and structural disadvantages experienced by most women. While progress is slow and uneven, the recognition of the empowerment of women as a goal is itself a significant development, and one that grows out of the globalization of certain values and institutions but also, and more importantly, out of the lived experience and struggle of millions of women in shanty towns and villages across the globe. While Western ideas and movements have certainly been important influences, their impact depends upon people transforming their messages to fit local conditions and needs, and often western ideas provide a new way of articulating already existing demands and allowing them to find an international audience.Less
One of the major globalizing forces of the past two decades has been the move toward gender equality, and the gradual involvement of increasing numbers of international agencies in programs aimed at eradicating the systemic and structural disadvantages experienced by most women. While progress is slow and uneven, the recognition of the empowerment of women as a goal is itself a significant development, and one that grows out of the globalization of certain values and institutions but also, and more importantly, out of the lived experience and struggle of millions of women in shanty towns and villages across the globe. While Western ideas and movements have certainly been important influences, their impact depends upon people transforming their messages to fit local conditions and needs, and often western ideas provide a new way of articulating already existing demands and allowing them to find an international audience.
