You‐tien Hsing
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568048
- eISBN:
- 9780191721632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568048.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
Chapter 5 turns to the villages located at the urban fringe that have actually benefited from urban expansion, and looks at the nonconfrontational form of social mobilization in ...
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Chapter 5 turns to the villages located at the urban fringe that have actually benefited from urban expansion, and looks at the nonconfrontational form of social mobilization in those sites. Rapid urban expansion since the 1980s has turned many “villages by the city” into “villages in the city” and has transformed villagers from vegetable farmers to rentiers, taking advantage of immigrant‐fuelled rental housing markets. These “corporatist villages,” as the author terms them, are most successful in the southern metropolises of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Corporatist villages are able to enjoy relative territorial autonomy under the expansionist regime of the metropolitan government because of their skills in bargaining with the local state, their strategic location, recollectivization of the village economy, and reinforcement of village identity. These southern “villages in the city” thus represent a successful case of territorialization.Less
Chapter 5 turns to the villages located at the urban fringe that have actually benefited from urban expansion, and looks at the nonconfrontational form of social mobilization in those sites. Rapid urban expansion since the 1980s has turned many “villages by the city” into “villages in the city” and has transformed villagers from vegetable farmers to rentiers, taking advantage of immigrant‐fuelled rental housing markets. These “corporatist villages,” as the author terms them, are most successful in the southern metropolises of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Corporatist villages are able to enjoy relative territorial autonomy under the expansionist regime of the metropolitan government because of their skills in bargaining with the local state, their strategic location, recollectivization of the village economy, and reinforcement of village identity. These southern “villages in the city” thus represent a successful case of territorialization.
Nicola Lacey and David Soskice
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197266922
- eISBN:
- 9780191938184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266922.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law
The United States is a fascinating case study in the complex links between crime, punishment and inequality, standing out as it does in terms of inequality as measured by a number of economic ...
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The United States is a fascinating case study in the complex links between crime, punishment and inequality, standing out as it does in terms of inequality as measured by a number of economic standards; levels of serious violent crime; and rates of imprisonment, penal surveillance and post-conviction disqualifications. This chapter builds on the authors’ previous work arguing that the exceptional rise in violent crime and punishment in the US from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s can be explained by the interaction of four political and economic variables: ‘technological regime change’; ‘varieties of capitalism’ and ‘varieties of welfare state’; types of ‘political system’; and – critically and specifically – the US as a radical outlier in the degree of local democracy. Three further questions implied by the authors’ previous work are asked. First, why did such distinctive patterns of local democracy arise in America? And how is this political structure tied up with the history and politics of race? Second, what did the distinctive historical development of the US political economy in the 19th century imply for the structure of its criminal justice institutions? And third, why did the burden of crime and punishment come to fall so disproportionately on African Americans?Less
The United States is a fascinating case study in the complex links between crime, punishment and inequality, standing out as it does in terms of inequality as measured by a number of economic standards; levels of serious violent crime; and rates of imprisonment, penal surveillance and post-conviction disqualifications. This chapter builds on the authors’ previous work arguing that the exceptional rise in violent crime and punishment in the US from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s can be explained by the interaction of four political and economic variables: ‘technological regime change’; ‘varieties of capitalism’ and ‘varieties of welfare state’; types of ‘political system’; and – critically and specifically – the US as a radical outlier in the degree of local democracy. Three further questions implied by the authors’ previous work are asked. First, why did such distinctive patterns of local democracy arise in America? And how is this political structure tied up with the history and politics of race? Second, what did the distinctive historical development of the US political economy in the 19th century imply for the structure of its criminal justice institutions? And third, why did the burden of crime and punishment come to fall so disproportionately on African Americans?
Hiromitsu Ishi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242566
- eISBN:
- 9780191596452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242569.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Analyses the complicated structure of national–local governmental relations in both side of the budgets. The shares of total tax sources between two governments, the whole system of local taxation ...
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Analyses the complicated structure of national–local governmental relations in both side of the budgets. The shares of total tax sources between two governments, the whole system of local taxation itself, unconditional and conditional grants, etc. are mainly discussed.Less
Analyses the complicated structure of national–local governmental relations in both side of the budgets. The shares of total tax sources between two governments, the whole system of local taxation itself, unconditional and conditional grants, etc. are mainly discussed.
Robert Tittler
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207184
- eISBN:
- 9780191677540
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207184.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the drive for local autonomy which was characteristic of English towns from c.1540 to the early years of the Elizabethan ...
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This chapter discusses the drive for local autonomy which was characteristic of English towns from c.1540 to the early years of the Elizabethan era. It seeks to connect the acquisition of additional resources with the enhancement of local political autonomy. It addresses the properties of such a drive and how and why it came about. The accelerated move towards local autonomy, facilitated and recognised particularly by incorporation, presents one of the most distinguished themes in urban affairs following the initial stages of Reformation. The discussion reflects on how it helped marked the era at hand as distinctive in the evolution of political reforms and practice amongst English towns.Less
This chapter discusses the drive for local autonomy which was characteristic of English towns from c.1540 to the early years of the Elizabethan era. It seeks to connect the acquisition of additional resources with the enhancement of local political autonomy. It addresses the properties of such a drive and how and why it came about. The accelerated move towards local autonomy, facilitated and recognised particularly by incorporation, presents one of the most distinguished themes in urban affairs following the initial stages of Reformation. The discussion reflects on how it helped marked the era at hand as distinctive in the evolution of political reforms and practice amongst English towns.
Regina Grafe
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144849
- eISBN:
- 9781400840533
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144849.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter illustrates how the empirical analysis of market and state has gone a long way to explain where the stumbling blocks in Spanish economic and political development were and why they ...
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This chapter illustrates how the empirical analysis of market and state has gone a long way to explain where the stumbling blocks in Spanish economic and political development were and why they stifled growth so significantly. There was path dependence in fragmented authority in Spain as elsewhere in Europe, but this was only part of the problem. Between roughly the late Middle Ages and the nineteenth century, overcoming divided authority was the essence of the process of European state-building. However, in Spain, the complex combination of institutional heritage and ideological underpinnings of rule made the process of eliminating at least some degree of divided authority especially slow and cumbersome, and a strong tradition of local autonomy remained part of what the compact between rulers and ruled was understood to be.Less
This chapter illustrates how the empirical analysis of market and state has gone a long way to explain where the stumbling blocks in Spanish economic and political development were and why they stifled growth so significantly. There was path dependence in fragmented authority in Spain as elsewhere in Europe, but this was only part of the problem. Between roughly the late Middle Ages and the nineteenth century, overcoming divided authority was the essence of the process of European state-building. However, in Spain, the complex combination of institutional heritage and ideological underpinnings of rule made the process of eliminating at least some degree of divided authority especially slow and cumbersome, and a strong tradition of local autonomy remained part of what the compact between rulers and ruled was understood to be.
Erin Ryan
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199737987
- eISBN:
- 9780199918652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737987.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Chapter two takes on the critical question of why the Constitution establishes a federal system at all. After considering the political origins of federalism, the fraught relationship between ...
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Chapter two takes on the critical question of why the Constitution establishes a federal system at all. After considering the political origins of federalism, the fraught relationship between structural federalism and first-order policy concerns, and the distinction between true federalism and decentralization, it explores the individual principles of good government on which federalism is premised. It reviews how federalism fosters: (1) checks and balances between state and federal power that safeguard individuals against overreaching or abdication by either side; (2) transparent and accountable governance that enables meaningful democratic participation at all points on the jurisdictional spectrum; (3) local autonomy and diversity that give rise to the interjurisdictional competition and innovation of federalism’s great “laboratory of ideas;” and (4) problem-solving synergy between the unique capacities of local and national government for coping with different parts of interjurisdictional problems. The chapter discusses the how the checks and balances of jurisdictional overlap establish as powerful a bulwark against tyranny as those of jurisdictional separation, and it explores the provenance of federalism’s underappreciated problem-solving value within the subsidiarity principle.Less
Chapter two takes on the critical question of why the Constitution establishes a federal system at all. After considering the political origins of federalism, the fraught relationship between structural federalism and first-order policy concerns, and the distinction between true federalism and decentralization, it explores the individual principles of good government on which federalism is premised. It reviews how federalism fosters: (1) checks and balances between state and federal power that safeguard individuals against overreaching or abdication by either side; (2) transparent and accountable governance that enables meaningful democratic participation at all points on the jurisdictional spectrum; (3) local autonomy and diversity that give rise to the interjurisdictional competition and innovation of federalism’s great “laboratory of ideas;” and (4) problem-solving synergy between the unique capacities of local and national government for coping with different parts of interjurisdictional problems. The chapter discusses the how the checks and balances of jurisdictional overlap establish as powerful a bulwark against tyranny as those of jurisdictional separation, and it explores the provenance of federalism’s underappreciated problem-solving value within the subsidiarity principle.
Kimie Tsuchiyama
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781847429841
- eISBN:
- 9781447311515
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847429841.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Although policy research was not recognized as an activity within Japanese local authorities’ jurisdiction for a long time, the social changes resulting from high-growth period made local authority ...
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Although policy research was not recognized as an activity within Japanese local authorities’ jurisdiction for a long time, the social changes resulting from high-growth period made local authority faced to pressure to deal regional policy issues, for example, pollution and urbanized problems. Policy research started as a necessity to address such issues by “progressive local authorities” from late the 1960s, and this movement had developed Japanese local authorities’ role as autonomous policymaker. It may be seen as the ‘governmentalisation’ of local authorities. Local authority policy research may be divided into: those conducted by local authority officers in addressing policy issues; those conducted by organisations for local authority policy; and by officers and groups as self-study sessions or job trainings. The decentralization reforms in 2000 delegated various functions to local authorities. Local authorities are expected to take advantage from the reforms, and to strengthen and refine their policy research capabilities.Less
Although policy research was not recognized as an activity within Japanese local authorities’ jurisdiction for a long time, the social changes resulting from high-growth period made local authority faced to pressure to deal regional policy issues, for example, pollution and urbanized problems. Policy research started as a necessity to address such issues by “progressive local authorities” from late the 1960s, and this movement had developed Japanese local authorities’ role as autonomous policymaker. It may be seen as the ‘governmentalisation’ of local authorities. Local authority policy research may be divided into: those conducted by local authority officers in addressing policy issues; those conducted by organisations for local authority policy; and by officers and groups as self-study sessions or job trainings. The decentralization reforms in 2000 delegated various functions to local authorities. Local authorities are expected to take advantage from the reforms, and to strengthen and refine their policy research capabilities.
Chris Himsworth
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474403337
- eISBN:
- 9781474416092
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474403337.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
The first critical study of the 1985 international treaty that guarantees the status of local self-government (local autonomy). Chris Himsworth analyses the text of the 1985 European Charter of Local ...
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The first critical study of the 1985 international treaty that guarantees the status of local self-government (local autonomy). Chris Himsworth analyses the text of the 1985 European Charter of Local Self-Government and its Additional Protocol; traces the Charter’s historical emergence; and explains how it has been applied and interpreted, especially in a process of monitoring/treaty enforcement by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities but also in domestic courts, throughout Europe. Locating the Charter’s own history within the broader recent history of the Council of Europe and the European Union, the book closes with an assessment of the Charter’s future prospects.Less
The first critical study of the 1985 international treaty that guarantees the status of local self-government (local autonomy). Chris Himsworth analyses the text of the 1985 European Charter of Local Self-Government and its Additional Protocol; traces the Charter’s historical emergence; and explains how it has been applied and interpreted, especially in a process of monitoring/treaty enforcement by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities but also in domestic courts, throughout Europe. Locating the Charter’s own history within the broader recent history of the Council of Europe and the European Union, the book closes with an assessment of the Charter’s future prospects.
Thomas Heberer
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520219885
- eISBN:
- 9780520935259
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520219885.003.0014
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses the contradictions between the idea of local autonomy for China's minority peoples and the economic and policy imperatives of a centralizing government and Party. Dealing ...
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This chapter discusses the contradictions between the idea of local autonomy for China's minority peoples and the economic and policy imperatives of a centralizing government and Party. Dealing specifically with the case of Liangshan Prefecture, it shows how the current Autonomy Law is a law without teeth, a statement of principles without any measures for enforcement, and how, in the absence of enforcement, the problems of a colony-like extractive economy and massive Han migration shed doubt on the future possibility of real local control of local resources.Less
This chapter discusses the contradictions between the idea of local autonomy for China's minority peoples and the economic and policy imperatives of a centralizing government and Party. Dealing specifically with the case of Liangshan Prefecture, it shows how the current Autonomy Law is a law without teeth, a statement of principles without any measures for enforcement, and how, in the absence of enforcement, the problems of a colony-like extractive economy and massive Han migration shed doubt on the future possibility of real local control of local resources.
Jae Ho Chung
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176200
- eISBN:
- 9780231540681
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176200.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Despite the destabilizing potential of governing of a vast territory and a large multicultural population, the centralized government of the People’s Republic of China has held together for decades, ...
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Despite the destabilizing potential of governing of a vast territory and a large multicultural population, the centralized government of the People’s Republic of China has held together for decades, resisting efforts at local autonomy. By analyzing Beijing’s strategies for maintaining control even in the reformist post-Mao era, Centrifugal Empire reveals the unique thinking behind China’s approach to local governance, its historical roots, and its deflection of divergent interests. Centrifugal Empire examines the logic, mode, and instrument of local governance established by the People’s Republic, and then compares the current system to the practices of its dynastic predecessors. The result is an expansive portrait of Chinese leaders’ attitudes toward regional autonomy and local challenges, one concerned with territory-specific preoccupations and manifesting in constant searches for an optimal design of control. Jae Ho Chung reveals how current communist instruments of local governance echo imperial institutions, while exposing the Leninist regime’s savvy adaptation to contemporary issues and its need for more sophisticated inter-local networks to keep its unitary rule intact. He casts the challenges to China’s central–local relations as perennial, since the dilution of the system’s “socialist” or “Communist” character will only accentuate its fundamentally Chinese—or centrifugal—nature.Less
Despite the destabilizing potential of governing of a vast territory and a large multicultural population, the centralized government of the People’s Republic of China has held together for decades, resisting efforts at local autonomy. By analyzing Beijing’s strategies for maintaining control even in the reformist post-Mao era, Centrifugal Empire reveals the unique thinking behind China’s approach to local governance, its historical roots, and its deflection of divergent interests. Centrifugal Empire examines the logic, mode, and instrument of local governance established by the People’s Republic, and then compares the current system to the practices of its dynastic predecessors. The result is an expansive portrait of Chinese leaders’ attitudes toward regional autonomy and local challenges, one concerned with territory-specific preoccupations and manifesting in constant searches for an optimal design of control. Jae Ho Chung reveals how current communist instruments of local governance echo imperial institutions, while exposing the Leninist regime’s savvy adaptation to contemporary issues and its need for more sophisticated inter-local networks to keep its unitary rule intact. He casts the challenges to China’s central–local relations as perennial, since the dilution of the system’s “socialist” or “Communist” character will only accentuate its fundamentally Chinese—or centrifugal—nature.
Campbell F. Scribner
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501700804
- eISBN:
- 9781501704116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501700804.003.0002
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter explains local control in the context of suburbanization, conservative politics, and school reform, and demonstrates how the confluence of these issues changed practices of municipal ...
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This chapter explains local control in the context of suburbanization, conservative politics, and school reform, and demonstrates how the confluence of these issues changed practices of municipal government. Local autonomy had almost no legal basis before the 1890s, when a handful of states added home rule amendments to their constitutions, and even then it was primarily used to empower cities at the expense of suburban and rural areas. It was the rise of mass suburbanization between the 1910s and the 1950s that prompted calls to protect small-town government, with attendant rights of zoning, tax collection, and geographical integrity. Conceived in opposition to political machines and profligate spending, the notion of local control became popular with a variety of interest groups, especially rural and suburban conservatives, for whom localism preserved existing systems of political power and smoothed over potential areas of division.Less
This chapter explains local control in the context of suburbanization, conservative politics, and school reform, and demonstrates how the confluence of these issues changed practices of municipal government. Local autonomy had almost no legal basis before the 1890s, when a handful of states added home rule amendments to their constitutions, and even then it was primarily used to empower cities at the expense of suburban and rural areas. It was the rise of mass suburbanization between the 1910s and the 1950s that prompted calls to protect small-town government, with attendant rights of zoning, tax collection, and geographical integrity. Conceived in opposition to political machines and profligate spending, the notion of local control became popular with a variety of interest groups, especially rural and suburban conservatives, for whom localism preserved existing systems of political power and smoothed over potential areas of division.
J. A. Chandler
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719067068
- eISBN:
- 9781781701355
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719067068.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This book presents a history of local government in Britain from 1800 until the present day. It explains how local government in Britain has evolved from a structure that appeared to be relatively ...
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This book presents a history of local government in Britain from 1800 until the present day. It explains how local government in Britain has evolved from a structure that appeared to be relatively free from central government interference to, as John Prescott observes, ‘one of the most centralised systems of government in the Western world’. The book is an introduction to the development of local government in Britain but also balances values and political practice in relation to the evolving structures to provide a theory of the evolution of the system. It analyses local government prior to 1832 and its subsequent development into the uniform two-tier structures of the twentieth century. The book argues that the emergence of a ‘New Liberal’ national welfare state and, by the 1920s, the growth of the Labour Party, created pressures within central government to control local governments. This has led, post-1945, to the creation of larger, less-local units, and to further restraints on local autonomy, as electoral competition among National Parties to offer better public services and local economic growth ensures that national leaders cannot leave local authorities to administer to local needs as they see fit. The conclusion compares the development of British centralism with the pattern of central–local development, as well as the relative conservatism in re-structuring the systems in the United States and France.Less
This book presents a history of local government in Britain from 1800 until the present day. It explains how local government in Britain has evolved from a structure that appeared to be relatively free from central government interference to, as John Prescott observes, ‘one of the most centralised systems of government in the Western world’. The book is an introduction to the development of local government in Britain but also balances values and political practice in relation to the evolving structures to provide a theory of the evolution of the system. It analyses local government prior to 1832 and its subsequent development into the uniform two-tier structures of the twentieth century. The book argues that the emergence of a ‘New Liberal’ national welfare state and, by the 1920s, the growth of the Labour Party, created pressures within central government to control local governments. This has led, post-1945, to the creation of larger, less-local units, and to further restraints on local autonomy, as electoral competition among National Parties to offer better public services and local economic growth ensures that national leaders cannot leave local authorities to administer to local needs as they see fit. The conclusion compares the development of British centralism with the pattern of central–local development, as well as the relative conservatism in re-structuring the systems in the United States and France.
John James Kennedy and Yaojiang Shi
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190917425
- eISBN:
- 9780190917463
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190917425.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Comparative Politics
Contradictions between central policy goals and local interests can be resolved through cadres’ mediation at the village level. Village leaders act as mediators between central policy directives and ...
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Contradictions between central policy goals and local interests can be resolved through cadres’ mediation at the village level. Village leaders act as mediators between central policy directives and rural residents. This compromise is attributable to the level of autonomy that village cadres enjoy, which affords them some discretion in the implementation of policies and regulations. The theory of the street-level bureaucrat explains how local cadres, at both the village and town levels, from the 1980s to the early 2000s, were able to use underreporting of out-of-plan births to mediate the conflicts between central policy goals and local interests. Underreporting goes beyond selective policy implementation and is a result of mutual noncompliance between villagers and cadres. One of the long-term implications of current changes in demographics is that as more rural residents permanently migrate to urban areas, the village community structure that allowed cadres to mediate between central policy and local interests may be disappearing.Less
Contradictions between central policy goals and local interests can be resolved through cadres’ mediation at the village level. Village leaders act as mediators between central policy directives and rural residents. This compromise is attributable to the level of autonomy that village cadres enjoy, which affords them some discretion in the implementation of policies and regulations. The theory of the street-level bureaucrat explains how local cadres, at both the village and town levels, from the 1980s to the early 2000s, were able to use underreporting of out-of-plan births to mediate the conflicts between central policy goals and local interests. Underreporting goes beyond selective policy implementation and is a result of mutual noncompliance between villagers and cadres. One of the long-term implications of current changes in demographics is that as more rural residents permanently migrate to urban areas, the village community structure that allowed cadres to mediate between central policy and local interests may be disappearing.
Harry Brighouse, Helen F. Ladd, Susanna Loeb, and Adam Swift
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226514031
- eISBN:
- 9780226514208
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226514208.003.0006
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter illustrates the decision-making process by looking at three key decisions concerning financing: Should the central policy makers provide more funds to certain local governments than to ...
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This chapter illustrates the decision-making process by looking at three key decisions concerning financing: Should the central policy makers provide more funds to certain local governments than to others to compensate for differences in the cost of schooling or the needs of students? If so, how much more? Should local governments be allowed to supplement funds from the central government through taxes or other means? And should local governments have autonomy to determine how to spend the money they receive from the central government, or should the central policy makers dictate how the money is to be spent?Less
This chapter illustrates the decision-making process by looking at three key decisions concerning financing: Should the central policy makers provide more funds to certain local governments than to others to compensate for differences in the cost of schooling or the needs of students? If so, how much more? Should local governments be allowed to supplement funds from the central government through taxes or other means? And should local governments have autonomy to determine how to spend the money they receive from the central government, or should the central policy makers dictate how the money is to be spent?
Jae Ho Chung
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176200
- eISBN:
- 9780231540681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176200.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Assesses the impact of post-Mao decentralization on central-local relations and concludes that the former has not necessarily or uniformly favored localities at the expense of central control.
Assesses the impact of post-Mao decentralization on central-local relations and concludes that the former has not necessarily or uniformly favored localities at the expense of central control.
Jae Ho Chung
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176200
- eISBN:
- 9780231540681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176200.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Employs a triple concept of “agents,” “representatives,” and “principals” in illustrating the trajectory in which Chinese leaders' perception of local bureaucracy has evolved over time. It also looks ...
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Employs a triple concept of “agents,” “representatives,” and “principals” in illustrating the trajectory in which Chinese leaders' perception of local bureaucracy has evolved over time. It also looks into Beijing’s perceptions toward the provincial, the prefecture-level, the county-level, and township governments.Less
Employs a triple concept of “agents,” “representatives,” and “principals” in illustrating the trajectory in which Chinese leaders' perception of local bureaucracy has evolved over time. It also looks into Beijing’s perceptions toward the provincial, the prefecture-level, the county-level, and township governments.
Emily Greble
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449215
- eISBN:
- 9780801460739
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449215.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter argues that wartime Sarajevo can be understood in terms of four central themes: the breakdown of confessional institutions in modern Europe and their replacement by civic bodies as the ...
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This chapter argues that wartime Sarajevo can be understood in terms of four central themes: the breakdown of confessional institutions in modern Europe and their replacement by civic bodies as the custodians of community; loyalty to place and the quest for local autonomy in perilous times; the ways in which local stories reframe national narratives; and the reciprocal effects of local, national, and international policy. It concludes that Sarajevo's society and civic culture persevered in the face of crisis, its multicultural character shifting from one rooted in confessional traditions to one grounded in the secular bonds of social and political culture. At a time when other multicultural towns imploded under the pressures of war and nationalism, the Sarajevo avoided the discontinuities of the modern state and retained a multicultural fabric that, one may argue, is not possible even in modern liberal democracy.Less
This chapter argues that wartime Sarajevo can be understood in terms of four central themes: the breakdown of confessional institutions in modern Europe and their replacement by civic bodies as the custodians of community; loyalty to place and the quest for local autonomy in perilous times; the ways in which local stories reframe national narratives; and the reciprocal effects of local, national, and international policy. It concludes that Sarajevo's society and civic culture persevered in the face of crisis, its multicultural character shifting from one rooted in confessional traditions to one grounded in the secular bonds of social and political culture. At a time when other multicultural towns imploded under the pressures of war and nationalism, the Sarajevo avoided the discontinuities of the modern state and retained a multicultural fabric that, one may argue, is not possible even in modern liberal democracy.
Jae Ho Chung
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176200
- eISBN:
- 9780231540681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176200.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Poses the question: “Why are Chinese leaders so preoccupied with local governance?” and outlines a framework of analysis.
Poses the question: “Why are Chinese leaders so preoccupied with local governance?” and outlines a framework of analysis.
Jae Ho Chung
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176200
- eISBN:
- 9780231540681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176200.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Suggests that the People’s Republic’s principal mode of local control resembles that of the traditional China more than that of the pre-1949 revolutionary era in terms of preventive mechanisms, ...
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Suggests that the People’s Republic’s principal mode of local control resembles that of the traditional China more than that of the pre-1949 revolutionary era in terms of preventive mechanisms, investigative instruments and tools of suppression,Less
Suggests that the People’s Republic’s principal mode of local control resembles that of the traditional China more than that of the pre-1949 revolutionary era in terms of preventive mechanisms, investigative instruments and tools of suppression,
Jae Ho Chung
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176200
- eISBN:
- 9780231540681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176200.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Links China’s two-millennium experiences in searching for optimal institutional designs for effective local control with that of the People’s Republic, suggests that the Communist regime is by no ...
More
Links China’s two-millennium experiences in searching for optimal institutional designs for effective local control with that of the People’s Republic, suggests that the Communist regime is by no means so much different from its imperial predecessors and probably fares no better on average.Less
Links China’s two-millennium experiences in searching for optimal institutional designs for effective local control with that of the People’s Republic, suggests that the Communist regime is by no means so much different from its imperial predecessors and probably fares no better on average.
