Frederic H. Wagner
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195309454
- eISBN:
- 9780199871261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309454.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the development of the livestock industry and grazing management and policy in the United States. It describes the climatic and vegetative conditions in the four major ...
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This chapter discusses the development of the livestock industry and grazing management and policy in the United States. It describes the climatic and vegetative conditions in the four major beef-producing regions in the United States: the Southeast, the Great Plains, the Intermountain West, and the California grasslands. It also discusses grazing ecology and grazing systems, addressing the effects on plant community structure (plant succession and the development of holistic management), the effects on plant community production, and the multiple life-form vegetation concept of the Intermountain West.Less
This chapter discusses the development of the livestock industry and grazing management and policy in the United States. It describes the climatic and vegetative conditions in the four major beef-producing regions in the United States: the Southeast, the Great Plains, the Intermountain West, and the California grasslands. It also discusses grazing ecology and grazing systems, addressing the effects on plant community structure (plant succession and the development of holistic management), the effects on plant community production, and the multiple life-form vegetation concept of the Intermountain West.
Jaap Goudsmit
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195130348
- eISBN:
- 9780199790166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130348.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Microbiology
This chapter discusses diseases affecting livestock and their consequences. Topics covered include rinderpest, a deadly form of plague that can occur among domesticated cows, sheep, and goats; ...
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This chapter discusses diseases affecting livestock and their consequences. Topics covered include rinderpest, a deadly form of plague that can occur among domesticated cows, sheep, and goats; measles virus, and “mad cow disease” (bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE)).Less
This chapter discusses diseases affecting livestock and their consequences. Topics covered include rinderpest, a deadly form of plague that can occur among domesticated cows, sheep, and goats; measles virus, and “mad cow disease” (bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE)).
Christof Schuler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197265062
- eISBN:
- 9780191754173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265062.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter is an essay in cultural history, exploring the relationship between the forms of epigraphical expression and the expectations of the intended audiences. It does so by studying the ...
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This chapter is an essay in cultural history, exploring the relationship between the forms of epigraphical expression and the expectations of the intended audiences. It does so by studying the (mostly religious) inscriptions of Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, and seeks to modify recent interpretative notions of town and country as ‘worlds apart’ or of ‘collective identity’. With much illustrative detail, the chapter shows how anxieties about crops and livestock were reflected in epigraphic forms and terminology, not least in prayers to weather gods. A second section emphasises the prominence and powers accorded to local gods, as are visible both in the prayers offered on behalf of village communities, and in the texts of confession and expiation set up by individuals. The chapter ends by downplaying notions of serious tension between rural Anatolian cult practice and ‘an essentially urban cultural mainstream’.Less
This chapter is an essay in cultural history, exploring the relationship between the forms of epigraphical expression and the expectations of the intended audiences. It does so by studying the (mostly religious) inscriptions of Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, and seeks to modify recent interpretative notions of town and country as ‘worlds apart’ or of ‘collective identity’. With much illustrative detail, the chapter shows how anxieties about crops and livestock were reflected in epigraphic forms and terminology, not least in prayers to weather gods. A second section emphasises the prominence and powers accorded to local gods, as are visible both in the prayers offered on behalf of village communities, and in the texts of confession and expiation set up by individuals. The chapter ends by downplaying notions of serious tension between rural Anatolian cult practice and ‘an essentially urban cultural mainstream’.
Natalie Porter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226648804
- eISBN:
- 9780226649139
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226649139.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This book narrates the story of H5N1 avian influenza in Vietnam. At this epicenter of bird flu infection, “One Health” regimes are bringing nonhuman animals squarely into the fold of global health ...
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This book narrates the story of H5N1 avian influenza in Vietnam. At this epicenter of bird flu infection, “One Health” regimes are bringing nonhuman animals squarely into the fold of global health policy and practice. Following the pathways of transnational scientists, NGO workers, livestock developers, state veterinarians, and poultry farmers as they move through new and unconventional sites of health intervention, the account reveals how pandemic threats like bird flu are engendering a new arena of global health, one that is increasingly structured by the patterns of global livestock economies. In this emergent arena of global health policy and practice, the standardization of life forms and the circumscription of human-animal relations, which create conditions for market uniformity and commodity mobility, are now being implemented in health interventions as a means to safeguard human and nonhuman animals. Yet, however global in scope, flu interventions are constituted in particular economic, cultural, and political contexts. This book therefore argues that as global health programs expand their purview to include life and livestock, they must weigh the interests of public health against those of commercial agriculture, rural tradition, and scientific innovation in a late-socialist nation witnessing neoliberal reforms and new regimes of governance. The outcomes of One Health interventions are thus as unpredictable as the bird flu virus itself, and Vietnam comes into view as a site of global health experimentation, a place where the agents and subjects of disease control are redefining how to live with lively and deadly creature-commodities.Less
This book narrates the story of H5N1 avian influenza in Vietnam. At this epicenter of bird flu infection, “One Health” regimes are bringing nonhuman animals squarely into the fold of global health policy and practice. Following the pathways of transnational scientists, NGO workers, livestock developers, state veterinarians, and poultry farmers as they move through new and unconventional sites of health intervention, the account reveals how pandemic threats like bird flu are engendering a new arena of global health, one that is increasingly structured by the patterns of global livestock economies. In this emergent arena of global health policy and practice, the standardization of life forms and the circumscription of human-animal relations, which create conditions for market uniformity and commodity mobility, are now being implemented in health interventions as a means to safeguard human and nonhuman animals. Yet, however global in scope, flu interventions are constituted in particular economic, cultural, and political contexts. This book therefore argues that as global health programs expand their purview to include life and livestock, they must weigh the interests of public health against those of commercial agriculture, rural tradition, and scientific innovation in a late-socialist nation witnessing neoliberal reforms and new regimes of governance. The outcomes of One Health interventions are thus as unpredictable as the bird flu virus itself, and Vietnam comes into view as a site of global health experimentation, a place where the agents and subjects of disease control are redefining how to live with lively and deadly creature-commodities.
Brian Greenberg and Margaret E. Greene
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199270576
- eISBN:
- 9780191600883
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199270570.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
The global scale of anthropogenic environmental change now challenges demography to rethink its methodologies and tacit values to assess the ways that human populations determine the population ...
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The global scale of anthropogenic environmental change now challenges demography to rethink its methodologies and tacit values to assess the ways that human populations determine the population profiles and survival prospects for non‐human species and nature as a whole. Critically reviews the disciplinary basis for human‐centredness in the assessment of environmental change, and the ways this Malthusian intellectual legacy now constrains demography's ability to comment on pressing environmental issues. By demonstrating that social relationships do not stop at the boundaries of society but extend to the relationships people establish with non‐human nature, the chapter illustrates how more ecologically inclusive analytic categories can provide significant insight into environmental change in the Western Himalayas. Redefining the familiar demographic categories of ‘household’ and ‘community’ to more closely reflect local cultural understandings, the chapter links household composition to livestock ecology, and agricultural production to the history of environmental transformation in the Himalayan region. In suggesting less anthropocentric and Western culture‐centric demographic analysis, the chapter argues for models of human communities more precisely situated in their environmental contexts, and demonstrates a potentially powerful extension of demographic techniques in the explanation of landscape and environmental change.Less
The global scale of anthropogenic environmental change now challenges demography to rethink its methodologies and tacit values to assess the ways that human populations determine the population profiles and survival prospects for non‐human species and nature as a whole. Critically reviews the disciplinary basis for human‐centredness in the assessment of environmental change, and the ways this Malthusian intellectual legacy now constrains demography's ability to comment on pressing environmental issues. By demonstrating that social relationships do not stop at the boundaries of society but extend to the relationships people establish with non‐human nature, the chapter illustrates how more ecologically inclusive analytic categories can provide significant insight into environmental change in the Western Himalayas. Redefining the familiar demographic categories of ‘household’ and ‘community’ to more closely reflect local cultural understandings, the chapter links household composition to livestock ecology, and agricultural production to the history of environmental transformation in the Himalayan region. In suggesting less anthropocentric and Western culture‐centric demographic analysis, the chapter argues for models of human communities more precisely situated in their environmental contexts, and demonstrates a potentially powerful extension of demographic techniques in the explanation of landscape and environmental change.
LARRY GRAGG
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253890
- eISBN:
- 9780191719806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253890.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter follows the efforts of planters to learn about and to develop a consistently profitable cash crop from the early struggles with tobacco, cotton, indigo, and ginger to the remarkable ...
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This chapter follows the efforts of planters to learn about and to develop a consistently profitable cash crop from the early struggles with tobacco, cotton, indigo, and ginger to the remarkable prosperity they found in sugar cultivation. Beyond discussing the land, labor, livestock, equipment, and expertise required for successful sugar cultivation, the chapter includes an analysis of the importance of Barbados to the economic health of the English empire.Less
This chapter follows the efforts of planters to learn about and to develop a consistently profitable cash crop from the early struggles with tobacco, cotton, indigo, and ginger to the remarkable prosperity they found in sugar cultivation. Beyond discussing the land, labor, livestock, equipment, and expertise required for successful sugar cultivation, the chapter includes an analysis of the importance of Barbados to the economic health of the English empire.
David Stone
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199247769
- eISBN:
- 9780191714818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199247769.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Agricultural decision-making is, initially, most fruitfully explored in a local arena, and this chapter provides an introduction to the demesne farm of Wisbech Barton. The demesne was selected for ...
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Agricultural decision-making is, initially, most fruitfully explored in a local arena, and this chapter provides an introduction to the demesne farm of Wisbech Barton. The demesne was selected for the unusually high quality of its documentation: the series of accounts, two-thirds of which survive, extends from 1313 to 1429, and each contains an exceptionally high level of detail. Wisbech Barton lay on the estate of the bishop of Ely and was situated in the silt fens; consequently, much of the chapter surveys patterns of income and expenditure on the estate, and the economy of the medieval marshland. It then details the nature of the crops and livestock that were grown and raised on the farm, and trends in crop yields, fleece weights and lambing rates.Less
Agricultural decision-making is, initially, most fruitfully explored in a local arena, and this chapter provides an introduction to the demesne farm of Wisbech Barton. The demesne was selected for the unusually high quality of its documentation: the series of accounts, two-thirds of which survive, extends from 1313 to 1429, and each contains an exceptionally high level of detail. Wisbech Barton lay on the estate of the bishop of Ely and was situated in the silt fens; consequently, much of the chapter surveys patterns of income and expenditure on the estate, and the economy of the medieval marshland. It then details the nature of the crops and livestock that were grown and raised on the farm, and trends in crop yields, fleece weights and lambing rates.
M. E. Turner, J. V. Beckett, and B. Afton
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198208044
- eISBN:
- 9780191716577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208044.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
Farming is not only about crop production, it is also about raising and marketing animals both directly as meat and indirectly through their by-products, milk, wool, eggs. This chapter uses the same ...
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Farming is not only about crop production, it is also about raising and marketing animals both directly as meat and indirectly through their by-products, milk, wool, eggs. This chapter uses the same farm records as were used for crop production and therefore a consistent data source. It assesses mainly the output of, and the chronological changes in, cattle, sheep, and pig production, but specifically through an assessment of carcass weights over time. Within the constraints dictated by the data sources the animals are also assessed by reference to their ages and uses — calves, heifers, cows and bulls, hogs, porkers and bacon pigs, and so on.Less
Farming is not only about crop production, it is also about raising and marketing animals both directly as meat and indirectly through their by-products, milk, wool, eggs. This chapter uses the same farm records as were used for crop production and therefore a consistent data source. It assesses mainly the output of, and the chronological changes in, cattle, sheep, and pig production, but specifically through an assessment of carcass weights over time. Within the constraints dictated by the data sources the animals are also assessed by reference to their ages and uses — calves, heifers, cows and bulls, hogs, porkers and bacon pigs, and so on.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This study presents colonial American history as the story of three-way interactions among Indians, English colonists, and livestock. By situating domestic animals at the heart of the colonizing ...
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This study presents colonial American history as the story of three-way interactions among Indians, English colonists, and livestock. By situating domestic animals at the heart of the colonizing process in 17th-century New England and the Chesapeake region, the book restores contingency to a narrative too often dominated by human actors alone. Livestock were a central factor in the cultural clash between colonists and Indians as well as a driving force in expansion west. By bringing livestock across the Atlantic, colonists assumed that they provided the means to realize America's potential, a goal that Indians, lacking domestic animals, had failed to accomplish. They also assumed that Native Americans who learned to keep livestock would advance along the path toward civility and Christianity. But colonists failed to anticipate that their animals would generate friction with Indians as native peoples constantly encountered free-ranging livestock often trespassing in their cornfields. Moreover, concerned about feeding their growing populations and committed to a style of animal husbandry that required far more space than they had expected, colonists eventually saw no alternative but to displace Indians and appropriate their land. This created tensions that reached boiling point with King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion, and it established a pattern that would repeat time and again over the next two centuries.Less
This study presents colonial American history as the story of three-way interactions among Indians, English colonists, and livestock. By situating domestic animals at the heart of the colonizing process in 17th-century New England and the Chesapeake region, the book restores contingency to a narrative too often dominated by human actors alone. Livestock were a central factor in the cultural clash between colonists and Indians as well as a driving force in expansion west. By bringing livestock across the Atlantic, colonists assumed that they provided the means to realize America's potential, a goal that Indians, lacking domestic animals, had failed to accomplish. They also assumed that Native Americans who learned to keep livestock would advance along the path toward civility and Christianity. But colonists failed to anticipate that their animals would generate friction with Indians as native peoples constantly encountered free-ranging livestock often trespassing in their cornfields. Moreover, concerned about feeding their growing populations and committed to a style of animal husbandry that required far more space than they had expected, colonists eventually saw no alternative but to displace Indians and appropriate their land. This created tensions that reached boiling point with King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion, and it established a pattern that would repeat time and again over the next two centuries.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
Indians’ ideas about animals — rooted in spiritual conceptions that recognized no sharp distinction between the natural and supernatural worlds — shaped native peoples’ responses to colonial ...
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Indians’ ideas about animals — rooted in spiritual conceptions that recognized no sharp distinction between the natural and supernatural worlds — shaped native peoples’ responses to colonial livestock. This chapter discusses the place of animals in Native American societies in New England and the Chesapeake region, focusing on religious beliefs, hunting practices, and ideas about animals as property. It also discusses how colonists misunderstood both Indian ideas and practices.Less
Indians’ ideas about animals — rooted in spiritual conceptions that recognized no sharp distinction between the natural and supernatural worlds — shaped native peoples’ responses to colonial livestock. This chapter discusses the place of animals in Native American societies in New England and the Chesapeake region, focusing on religious beliefs, hunting practices, and ideas about animals as property. It also discusses how colonists misunderstood both Indian ideas and practices.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter explores English ideas about animals and explains how they differed from Indian views. For the most part, colonists subscribed to a view of animals that asserted human dominion and ...
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This chapter explores English ideas about animals and explains how they differed from Indian views. For the most part, colonists subscribed to a view of animals that asserted human dominion and denied non-human creatures any spiritual identity. That dominion could take the form of asserting property rights to living creatures. Colonists demonstrated this not only in their ownership of livestock, but also in their assumptions that New World creatures could be converted into property.Less
This chapter explores English ideas about animals and explains how they differed from Indian views. For the most part, colonists subscribed to a view of animals that asserted human dominion and denied non-human creatures any spiritual identity. That dominion could take the form of asserting property rights to living creatures. Colonists demonstrated this not only in their ownership of livestock, but also in their assumptions that New World creatures could be converted into property.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines why colonists assumed that English livestock and animal husbandry practices would easily transfer to the New World. They also presumed that by raising livestock on lands that ...
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This chapter examines why colonists assumed that English livestock and animal husbandry practices would easily transfer to the New World. They also presumed that by raising livestock on lands that Indians seemingly did not use, the English could justify their legal claim to the territory. Despite early difficulties, livestock populations eventually flourished.Less
This chapter examines why colonists assumed that English livestock and animal husbandry practices would easily transfer to the New World. They also presumed that by raising livestock on lands that Indians seemingly did not use, the English could justify their legal claim to the territory. Despite early difficulties, livestock populations eventually flourished.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter argues that labor shortages and the availability of land encouraged Chesapeake colonists to abandon English practices and adopt free-range livestock husbandry. Many animals, especially ...
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This chapter argues that labor shortages and the availability of land encouraged Chesapeake colonists to abandon English practices and adopt free-range livestock husbandry. Many animals, especially swine, strayed from plantations and feral populations resulted. These developments loosened the colonists' hold on their livestock, complicated claims to animal property, and compromised domestic animals' usefulness as symbols of English civility.Less
This chapter argues that labor shortages and the availability of land encouraged Chesapeake colonists to abandon English practices and adopt free-range livestock husbandry. Many animals, especially swine, strayed from plantations and feral populations resulted. These developments loosened the colonists' hold on their livestock, complicated claims to animal property, and compromised domestic animals' usefulness as symbols of English civility.
Virginia DeJohn Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195158601
- eISBN:
- 9780199788538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158601.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter examines how towards the end of the 17th century, efforts on the part of Indians and colonists to resolve problems caused by livestock gave way to conflict. It argues that the colonists' ...
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This chapter examines how towards the end of the 17th century, efforts on the part of Indians and colonists to resolve problems caused by livestock gave way to conflict. It argues that the colonists' growing populations and burgeoning herds placed great pressure on Native Americans and led to appropriations of Indian land. At the same time, Indians frustrated by the colonists' inability to control their animals sought revenge by killing livestock. Tensions over livestock contributed to King Philip's War in New England and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia.Less
This chapter examines how towards the end of the 17th century, efforts on the part of Indians and colonists to resolve problems caused by livestock gave way to conflict. It argues that the colonists' growing populations and burgeoning herds placed great pressure on Native Americans and led to appropriations of Indian land. At the same time, Indians frustrated by the colonists' inability to control their animals sought revenge by killing livestock. Tensions over livestock contributed to King Philip's War in New England and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia.
Karl Raitz
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813178752
- eISBN:
- 9780813178769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813178752.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Some early farm distillers disposed of their slop by dumping it into streams, killing fish, fouling the water, and drawing irate protests from neighbors. Nuisance abatement laws were invoked to ...
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Some early farm distillers disposed of their slop by dumping it into streams, killing fish, fouling the water, and drawing irate protests from neighbors. Nuisance abatement laws were invoked to combat the practice. Other distillers adopted livestock feeding systems that combined slop with hay and fodder. Penned livestock then created a secondary problem: animal waste runoff from the feeding pens. Some distillers gave away or sold their slop to neighboring farmers. Livestock brokers began to buy cattle and hogs specifically for consignment to distilleries, where the animals would be fed to market weight. After 1900, the Kentucky State Board of Health began a campaign to combat waterborne diseases spread by sewage and slop contamination.Less
Some early farm distillers disposed of their slop by dumping it into streams, killing fish, fouling the water, and drawing irate protests from neighbors. Nuisance abatement laws were invoked to combat the practice. Other distillers adopted livestock feeding systems that combined slop with hay and fodder. Penned livestock then created a secondary problem: animal waste runoff from the feeding pens. Some distillers gave away or sold their slop to neighboring farmers. Livestock brokers began to buy cattle and hogs specifically for consignment to distilleries, where the animals would be fed to market weight. After 1900, the Kentucky State Board of Health began a campaign to combat waterborne diseases spread by sewage and slop contamination.
Rita Brara
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195673012
- eISBN:
- 9780199081813
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673012.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This book goes into the realm of villagers who depend on a combination of private farms and common grazing lands for a livelihood. It concentrates on the social framing of village commons and its ...
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This book goes into the realm of villagers who depend on a combination of private farms and common grazing lands for a livelihood. It concentrates on the social framing of village commons and its coexistence with divergent practices and constructions. It then describes how village commons were constituted and reconstituted by the statutory acts and juridical and administrative practices in the state of Rajasthan. The making and remaking of village grazing lands that arose out of the practices of land settlement and redistribution of land that were instituted in the post-colonial period are then evaluated, It assesses the ownership of livestock and arable land in the households of two villages in the years 1966 and 1985. Furthermore, the villagers' perceptions of diminishing vegetation are explained.Less
This book goes into the realm of villagers who depend on a combination of private farms and common grazing lands for a livelihood. It concentrates on the social framing of village commons and its coexistence with divergent practices and constructions. It then describes how village commons were constituted and reconstituted by the statutory acts and juridical and administrative practices in the state of Rajasthan. The making and remaking of village grazing lands that arose out of the practices of land settlement and redistribution of land that were instituted in the post-colonial period are then evaluated, It assesses the ownership of livestock and arable land in the households of two villages in the years 1966 and 1985. Furthermore, the villagers' perceptions of diminishing vegetation are explained.
Hans Binswanger, John McIntire, and Chris Udry
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198287629
- eISBN:
- 9780191595912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198287623.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
In this chapter, the authors depart from the presumption of densely populated economies and start from an isolated, land‐abundant, semi‐arid economy; they study its special institutional features and ...
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In this chapter, the authors depart from the presumption of densely populated economies and start from an isolated, land‐abundant, semi‐arid economy; they study its special institutional features and show how they change with changes in demographic factors and opportunities of external trade.Less
In this chapter, the authors depart from the presumption of densely populated economies and start from an isolated, land‐abundant, semi‐arid economy; they study its special institutional features and show how they change with changes in demographic factors and opportunities of external trade.
Eduardo Posada-Carbó
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206286
- eISBN:
- 9780191677069
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206286.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This book is a study of the role of regions in the development of modern nations in Latin America. It focuses on the Colombian Caribbean between 1870 and 1950. It examines the achievements and ...
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This book is a study of the role of regions in the development of modern nations in Latin America. It focuses on the Colombian Caribbean between 1870 and 1950. It examines the achievements and shortcomings of arable agriculture and the significance of the livestock industry, the link between town and countryside, the influence of foreign migrants and foreign capital, the relationship between local and national politics, and the extent to which regionalism represented a challenge to the consolidation of the national state in Colombia. This original study opens up the area to scholarly scrutiny for the first time, and has wider implications for Latin American historiography.Less
This book is a study of the role of regions in the development of modern nations in Latin America. It focuses on the Colombian Caribbean between 1870 and 1950. It examines the achievements and shortcomings of arable agriculture and the significance of the livestock industry, the link between town and countryside, the influence of foreign migrants and foreign capital, the relationship between local and national politics, and the extent to which regionalism represented a challenge to the consolidation of the national state in Colombia. This original study opens up the area to scholarly scrutiny for the first time, and has wider implications for Latin American historiography.
Roy Hora
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208846
- eISBN:
- 9780191678158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208846.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
The accession of General Julio A. Roca as president of Argentina marked the emergence of a strong state capable of creating an environment propitious to the long-term accumulation of capital. The ...
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The accession of General Julio A. Roca as president of Argentina marked the emergence of a strong state capable of creating an environment propitious to the long-term accumulation of capital. The so-called ‘Conquest of the Desert’ and the new government's active policy of infrastructural development transformed the pampas. Livestock raising was the spearhead of this process. Under the stimulus provided by ‘peace and administration’, rural business underwent significant change. Modern farming and transport technologies, which became cheaper and more available in this period, helped to convert a very crude cattle culture into a complex ranching business. This chapter examines the changes experienced by the estancieros at the turn of the century. It explores the links between the landowners' role in the transformation of the countryside and rural business and their rise to unprecedented power and prestige. It argues that in the last two decades of the nineteenth century, landowners successfully reshaped their image as a dynamic economic agent, becoming a much more cohesive, self-confident group.Less
The accession of General Julio A. Roca as president of Argentina marked the emergence of a strong state capable of creating an environment propitious to the long-term accumulation of capital. The so-called ‘Conquest of the Desert’ and the new government's active policy of infrastructural development transformed the pampas. Livestock raising was the spearhead of this process. Under the stimulus provided by ‘peace and administration’, rural business underwent significant change. Modern farming and transport technologies, which became cheaper and more available in this period, helped to convert a very crude cattle culture into a complex ranching business. This chapter examines the changes experienced by the estancieros at the turn of the century. It explores the links between the landowners' role in the transformation of the countryside and rural business and their rise to unprecedented power and prestige. It argues that in the last two decades of the nineteenth century, landowners successfully reshaped their image as a dynamic economic agent, becoming a much more cohesive, self-confident group.
Eduardo Posada-Carbó
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206286
- eISBN:
- 9780191677069
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206286.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
In spite of its significance to the economy of the Colombian Caribbean, the livestock industry has been neglected in the historiography. This chapter revises stereotypes about the cattle industry in ...
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In spite of its significance to the economy of the Colombian Caribbean, the livestock industry has been neglected in the historiography. This chapter revises stereotypes about the cattle industry in the overall context of the region's history. It examines the structure of the market to show that, far from being a monopoly of the few, the industry was a widespread activity that, while integrating the region through the different stages of cattle production, encouraged the early formation of a national market. A detailed study of a cattle hacienda illustrates how the industry was organized to meet the demand for beef in the Andean interior. The role played by the exports of livestock and the frustrating attempts to develop a meat-packing industry are also considered. Finally, the chapter looks briefly at hides, leather, and dairy products such as milk and cheese.Less
In spite of its significance to the economy of the Colombian Caribbean, the livestock industry has been neglected in the historiography. This chapter revises stereotypes about the cattle industry in the overall context of the region's history. It examines the structure of the market to show that, far from being a monopoly of the few, the industry was a widespread activity that, while integrating the region through the different stages of cattle production, encouraged the early formation of a national market. A detailed study of a cattle hacienda illustrates how the industry was organized to meet the demand for beef in the Andean interior. The role played by the exports of livestock and the frustrating attempts to develop a meat-packing industry are also considered. Finally, the chapter looks briefly at hides, leather, and dairy products such as milk and cheese.
