Anne Pakir
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028436
- eISBN:
- 9789882206939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028436.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines how lingua franca as a theoretical concept applied to the sociolinguistic realities of English use in Singapore may assist us in negotiating Singapore's English language ...
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This chapter examines how lingua franca as a theoretical concept applied to the sociolinguistic realities of English use in Singapore may assist us in negotiating Singapore's English language education. It discusses the concept of the English as Lingua France (ELF) movement and research in world Englishes and International English (IE), and explains their pedagogical and educational implications. It also explores the continuity, innovation, and diversity in Singapore's English language education.Less
This chapter examines how lingua franca as a theoretical concept applied to the sociolinguistic realities of English use in Singapore may assist us in negotiating Singapore's English language education. It discusses the concept of the English as Lingua France (ELF) movement and research in world Englishes and International English (IE), and explains their pedagogical and educational implications. It also explores the continuity, innovation, and diversity in Singapore's English language education.
Brenda Danet and Susan C. Herring (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304794
- eISBN:
- 9780199788248
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304794.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Although English is the de facto lingua franca of the Internet, most Internet users are not native speakers of English. Two-thirds of the one billion users now online communicate in other languages, ...
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Although English is the de facto lingua franca of the Internet, most Internet users are not native speakers of English. Two-thirds of the one billion users now online communicate in other languages, in non-native English, or both. Yet the English-based scholarly literature on computer-mediated communication (CMC) does not reflect this diversity. This book analyzes text-based CMC in multiple languages other than native English. Its eighteen chapters, most of them case studies focusing on a particular language or multilingual situation, address a range of topics: writing systems and the Internet; linguistic and discourse features of local language use online; gender, language, and culture online; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, currently and projected into the future. Secondary themes addressed include playfulness and creativity in CMC; romanization of languages ordinarily written in other scripts; and comparison of CMC-specific features in various languages. The languages described include French, Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Spanish, Catalan, Japanese, Thai, Portuguese, and non-native Englishes. A wide range of CMC modes is covered, from personal email, discussion lists, and text messaging on mobile phones (asynchronous) to instant messaging, ICQ, and graphical chat (synchronous) — as used by teenagers, university students and other young people, housewives, and professionals. The book includes an introduction with numerous references.Less
Although English is the de facto lingua franca of the Internet, most Internet users are not native speakers of English. Two-thirds of the one billion users now online communicate in other languages, in non-native English, or both. Yet the English-based scholarly literature on computer-mediated communication (CMC) does not reflect this diversity. This book analyzes text-based CMC in multiple languages other than native English. Its eighteen chapters, most of them case studies focusing on a particular language or multilingual situation, address a range of topics: writing systems and the Internet; linguistic and discourse features of local language use online; gender, language, and culture online; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, currently and projected into the future. Secondary themes addressed include playfulness and creativity in CMC; romanization of languages ordinarily written in other scripts; and comparison of CMC-specific features in various languages. The languages described include French, Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Spanish, Catalan, Japanese, Thai, Portuguese, and non-native Englishes. A wide range of CMC modes is covered, from personal email, discussion lists, and text messaging on mobile phones (asynchronous) to instant messaging, ICQ, and graphical chat (synchronous) — as used by teenagers, university students and other young people, housewives, and professionals. The book includes an introduction with numerous references.
Brenda Danet and Susan C. Herring
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304794
- eISBN:
- 9780199788248
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304794.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This introductory chapter reviews research on the language(s) of CMC in a variety of linguistic/sociocultural contexts, focusing on constraints of writing systems; linguistic and discourse features ...
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This introductory chapter reviews research on the language(s) of CMC in a variety of linguistic/sociocultural contexts, focusing on constraints of writing systems; linguistic and discourse features of communication online, with special attention to Japanese and Greek; gender and culture; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, compared with linguistic diversity worldwide. Specific issues addressed include how speakers of languages not using the Roman alphabet improvise creative ways to represent their languages online, online language choice in multilingual European contexts, and the status of English vis-à-vis minority languages on the Internet. The eighteen chapters in the book are then described and classified according to the CMC mode(s), linguistic phenomena, and user demographics analyzed in each. The review of literature includes a sampling of publications in European languages.Less
This introductory chapter reviews research on the language(s) of CMC in a variety of linguistic/sociocultural contexts, focusing on constraints of writing systems; linguistic and discourse features of communication online, with special attention to Japanese and Greek; gender and culture; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, compared with linguistic diversity worldwide. Specific issues addressed include how speakers of languages not using the Roman alphabet improvise creative ways to represent their languages online, online language choice in multilingual European contexts, and the status of English vis-à-vis minority languages on the Internet. The eighteen chapters in the book are then described and classified according to the CMC mode(s), linguistic phenomena, and user demographics analyzed in each. The review of literature includes a sampling of publications in European languages.
Mercedes Durham
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304794
- eISBN:
- 9780199788248
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304794.003.0014
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines the linguistic choices made by multilingual Swiss medical students on an asynchronous Internet discussion list. A quantitative analysis of language choice in over 1,000 messages ...
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This chapter examines the linguistic choices made by multilingual Swiss medical students on an asynchronous Internet discussion list. A quantitative analysis of language choice in over 1,000 messages sent to the list over a period of four calendar years shows that English was progressively adopted as the lingua franca by the French, German, and Italian native speaking members of the association, largely superceding the use of their native languages. The analysis also reveals that although some messages were in English, French, and German, only a small minority of messages contain code switching. A qualitative analysis of participants’ linguistic choices and their own metalinguistic commentary provides clues as to why English has gained in importance on this list and in Switzerland as a whole.Less
This chapter examines the linguistic choices made by multilingual Swiss medical students on an asynchronous Internet discussion list. A quantitative analysis of language choice in over 1,000 messages sent to the list over a period of four calendar years shows that English was progressively adopted as the lingua franca by the French, German, and Italian native speaking members of the association, largely superceding the use of their native languages. The analysis also reveals that although some messages were in English, French, and German, only a small minority of messages contain code switching. A qualitative analysis of participants’ linguistic choices and their own metalinguistic commentary provides clues as to why English has gained in importance on this list and in Switzerland as a whole.
Anna Wierzbicka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195174748
- eISBN:
- 9780199788514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195174748.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
This chapter discusses the significance of the “cultural baggage” of English in a world in which English is increasingly functioning as a global lingua franca. It discusses the use of English by ...
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This chapter discusses the significance of the “cultural baggage” of English in a world in which English is increasingly functioning as a global lingua franca. It discusses the use of English by international organizations and bodies such as ASEAN, and its use in international law and international aviation. It explores the links between Anglo/English cultural scripts, conversational routines, and culture-specific values, and it shows the dangers inherent in regarding English as a “culture-neutral” medium of international communication. It also discusses the implications of the historically shaped cultural content of English for the practical — and immensely important — issues of intercultural communication and cross-cultural education.Less
This chapter discusses the significance of the “cultural baggage” of English in a world in which English is increasingly functioning as a global lingua franca. It discusses the use of English by international organizations and bodies such as ASEAN, and its use in international law and international aviation. It explores the links between Anglo/English cultural scripts, conversational routines, and culture-specific values, and it shows the dangers inherent in regarding English as a “culture-neutral” medium of international communication. It also discusses the implications of the historically shaped cultural content of English for the practical — and immensely important — issues of intercultural communication and cross-cultural education.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines the pedagogical implications of the multilingual model and the lingua franca approach in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ...
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This chapter examines the pedagogical implications of the multilingual model and the lingua franca approach in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It attempts to answer the questions concerning the teaching of English in schools and who should teach it. The chapter suggests that English should not be used as a medium of instruction in primary schools and that the linguistic focus of primary schools in ASEAN should be on local languages, not English.Less
This chapter examines the pedagogical implications of the multilingual model and the lingua franca approach in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It attempts to answer the questions concerning the teaching of English in schools and who should teach it. The chapter suggests that English should not be used as a medium of instruction in primary schools and that the linguistic focus of primary schools in ASEAN should be on local languages, not English.
Philippe Van Parijs
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199208876
- eISBN:
- 9780191803284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199208876.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter proposes a stylised picture of the mechanism that underpins the spread of competence in the lingua franca and many other linguistic phenomena. It begins with an overview of the emergence ...
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This chapter proposes a stylised picture of the mechanism that underpins the spread of competence in the lingua franca and many other linguistic phenomena. It begins with an overview of the emergence of English as Europe’s lingua franca before turning to a discussion of probability-driven language learning. It then considers the maxi-min-guided choice of the language used in communication between multilingual speakers and its interaction with probability-driven learning to generate the so-called maxi-min dynamics. The chapter also examines maxi-min dynamics within the context of power relationships and concludes with an argument that emphasises the role of trans-national demos in promoting egalitarian justice.Less
This chapter proposes a stylised picture of the mechanism that underpins the spread of competence in the lingua franca and many other linguistic phenomena. It begins with an overview of the emergence of English as Europe’s lingua franca before turning to a discussion of probability-driven language learning. It then considers the maxi-min-guided choice of the language used in communication between multilingual speakers and its interaction with probability-driven learning to generate the so-called maxi-min dynamics. The chapter also examines maxi-min dynamics within the context of power relationships and concludes with an argument that emphasises the role of trans-national demos in promoting egalitarian justice.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship ...
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The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship between English, the respective national languages of ASEAN, and thousands of local languages. How can the demand for English be balanced against the need for people to acquire their national language and mother tongue? While many will also need a regional lingua franca, they are learning English as the first foreign language from primary school in all ASEAN countries. Might not this early introduction of English threaten local languages and children's ability to learn? Or can English be introduced and taught in such a way that it can complement local languages rather than replace them? The aim of this book is to explore questions such as these and then make recommendations on language policy and language education for regional policymakers.Less
The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship between English, the respective national languages of ASEAN, and thousands of local languages. How can the demand for English be balanced against the need for people to acquire their national language and mother tongue? While many will also need a regional lingua franca, they are learning English as the first foreign language from primary school in all ASEAN countries. Might not this early introduction of English threaten local languages and children's ability to learn? Or can English be introduced and taught in such a way that it can complement local languages rather than replace them? The aim of this book is to explore questions such as these and then make recommendations on language policy and language education for regional policymakers.
Thomas Ricento (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199363391
- eISBN:
- 9780199363414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199363391.003.0013
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy, English Language
This chapter examines the complexity and confusion that the term “global English” has generated in various literatures. The chapter considers the evolution, relevance, and utility of the constructs ...
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This chapter examines the complexity and confusion that the term “global English” has generated in various literatures. The chapter considers the evolution, relevance, and utility of the constructs English as a lingua franca (ELF) and lingua franca English (LFE) described in the applied linguistics and world Englishes literatures. In doing so, the chapter considers the challenges in describing a dispersed and contextualized language variety (LFE) and mapping it with a coherent speech community. The chapter then considers the role of English in development in low-income countries where it is a medium of instruction or offered as a subject in schools and argue that there are socioeconomic and sociopolitical “facts” that favor access for some people (and not others) to English in postcolonial and expanding-circle countries, and especially to the “appropriate” sort of English that can facilitate access to the domains where this linguistic capital can be “cashed in.”Less
This chapter examines the complexity and confusion that the term “global English” has generated in various literatures. The chapter considers the evolution, relevance, and utility of the constructs English as a lingua franca (ELF) and lingua franca English (LFE) described in the applied linguistics and world Englishes literatures. In doing so, the chapter considers the challenges in describing a dispersed and contextualized language variety (LFE) and mapping it with a coherent speech community. The chapter then considers the role of English in development in low-income countries where it is a medium of instruction or offered as a subject in schools and argue that there are socioeconomic and sociopolitical “facts” that favor access for some people (and not others) to English in postcolonial and expanding-circle countries, and especially to the “appropriate” sort of English that can facilitate access to the domains where this linguistic capital can be “cashed in.”
Philippe Van Parijs
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199208876
- eISBN:
- 9780191803284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199208876.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines how injustice can arise when one language is given a privileged status. More precisely, it considers three interpretations of the putative injustice generated or amplified by ...
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This chapter examines how injustice can arise when one language is given a privileged status. More precisely, it considers three interpretations of the putative injustice generated or amplified by the adoption of a lingua franca. The discussion begins with an analysis of linguistic injustice in terms of unfair cooperation, along with cooperative justice as the most defensible criterion of linguistic justice. The chapter then describes how non-excludability gives rise to free riding and compares indefinite learning with one-off conversion. It also explains how fairness requires sharing the cost of learning among all those who benefit from the learning. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the policy implications of linguistic justice as conceived in the real world.Less
This chapter examines how injustice can arise when one language is given a privileged status. More precisely, it considers three interpretations of the putative injustice generated or amplified by the adoption of a lingua franca. The discussion begins with an analysis of linguistic injustice in terms of unfair cooperation, along with cooperative justice as the most defensible criterion of linguistic justice. The chapter then describes how non-excludability gives rise to free riding and compares indefinite learning with one-off conversion. It also explains how fairness requires sharing the cost of learning among all those who benefit from the learning. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the policy implications of linguistic justice as conceived in the real world.
Anna Wierzbicka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195174748
- eISBN:
- 9780199788514
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195174748.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
English is the most widely-spoken language in the world, and it is rapidly becoming a global lingua franca. But it is not culturally neutral: like any other language, it carries with it a cultural ...
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English is the most widely-spoken language in the world, and it is rapidly becoming a global lingua franca. But it is not culturally neutral: like any other language, it carries with it a cultural baggage. There are many varieties of English, but there is also “Anglo” English (or what the Indian American linguist Braj Kachru has called the “English of the inner circle”). This book argues that rather than denying the existence and continued relevance of the cultural “baggage” embedded in English (“Anglo” English), it is important to explore the contents of that baggage — important for practical, as well as intellectual, reasons: for language teaching, “cultural literacy” teaching, cross-cultural training, international communication, and so on. It is important to “denaturalize” English and to identify and acknowledge the historically shaped cultural meanings embedded in it, if only so that they are no longer taken for granted as the voice of “reason” itself. To be able to reveal the cultural meanings embedded in the English language we need a suitable methodology. This book shows that such a methodology is available in the so-called “Natural Semantic Metalanguage” (NSM) approach, inaugurated by the author in her 1972 book Semantic Primitives and subsequently developed in collaboration with her Australian colleague Cliff Goddard. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is a unique system of meaning description which uses simple words of ordinary language, instead of technical formalisms, used in other linguistic approaches. Thus, this book seeks to launch a new, meaning-based approach to the study of the English language. Its aim is to investigate English as a historically shaped universe of meaning and to reveal English's cultural underpinnings and their implications for the modern world.Less
English is the most widely-spoken language in the world, and it is rapidly becoming a global lingua franca. But it is not culturally neutral: like any other language, it carries with it a cultural baggage. There are many varieties of English, but there is also “Anglo” English (or what the Indian American linguist Braj Kachru has called the “English of the inner circle”). This book argues that rather than denying the existence and continued relevance of the cultural “baggage” embedded in English (“Anglo” English), it is important to explore the contents of that baggage — important for practical, as well as intellectual, reasons: for language teaching, “cultural literacy” teaching, cross-cultural training, international communication, and so on. It is important to “denaturalize” English and to identify and acknowledge the historically shaped cultural meanings embedded in it, if only so that they are no longer taken for granted as the voice of “reason” itself. To be able to reveal the cultural meanings embedded in the English language we need a suitable methodology. This book shows that such a methodology is available in the so-called “Natural Semantic Metalanguage” (NSM) approach, inaugurated by the author in her 1972 book Semantic Primitives and subsequently developed in collaboration with her Australian colleague Cliff Goddard. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is a unique system of meaning description which uses simple words of ordinary language, instead of technical formalisms, used in other linguistic approaches. Thus, this book seeks to launch a new, meaning-based approach to the study of the English language. Its aim is to investigate English as a historically shaped universe of meaning and to reveal English's cultural underpinnings and their implications for the modern world.
Vicente L. Rafael
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099470
- eISBN:
- 9789882207264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099470.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter discusses Taglish as a lingua franca of the mass media. Tagalog serves as the language of commercially driven mass media, specifically radio, television, and film. As the lingua franca ...
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This chapter discusses Taglish as a lingua franca of the mass media. Tagalog serves as the language of commercially driven mass media, specifically radio, television, and film. As the lingua franca of the mass media, Tagalog manages in fact to have a translocal reach. It does so, however, only and always in conjunction with other translocal languages: English and Spanish. Thus, it is as another kind of language, Taglish, that Tagalog comes across as a lingua franca, providing the conditions for the emergence of a mass audience in the contemporary Philippines.Less
This chapter discusses Taglish as a lingua franca of the mass media. Tagalog serves as the language of commercially driven mass media, specifically radio, television, and film. As the lingua franca of the mass media, Tagalog manages in fact to have a translocal reach. It does so, however, only and always in conjunction with other translocal languages: English and Spanish. Thus, it is as another kind of language, Taglish, that Tagalog comes across as a lingua franca, providing the conditions for the emergence of a mass audience in the contemporary Philippines.
Ulrike Jessner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619139
- eISBN:
- 9780748671496
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619139.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy
This book discusses cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects of third language acquisition and trilingualism, and explores the key role of linguistic awareness in multilingual proficiency and language ...
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This book discusses cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects of third language acquisition and trilingualism, and explores the key role of linguistic awareness in multilingual proficiency and language learning. In view of the widespread acquisition of English by those who are already bilingual or are also acquiring a regional lingua franca, this study contributes to the current discussion of multilingualism with English in Europe and beyond, as well as the understanding of multilingual speech processing. The author supports a dynamic view of multilingualism by stressing the cognitive advantages that the contact with more languages can offer, and uses this approach as the basis for future language teaching and learning. Chapters cover topics such as performing in a third language, metalinguistic awareness in multilinguals and in multilingual education, and English as a third language in Europe.Less
This book discusses cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects of third language acquisition and trilingualism, and explores the key role of linguistic awareness in multilingual proficiency and language learning. In view of the widespread acquisition of English by those who are already bilingual or are also acquiring a regional lingua franca, this study contributes to the current discussion of multilingualism with English in Europe and beyond, as well as the understanding of multilingual speech processing. The author supports a dynamic view of multilingualism by stressing the cognitive advantages that the contact with more languages can offer, and uses this approach as the basis for future language teaching and learning. Chapters cover topics such as performing in a third language, metalinguistic awareness in multilinguals and in multilingual education, and English as a third language in Europe.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological ...
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This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological features identified in ASEAN English lingua franca speech which appear to be shared by speakers from different countries, and considers the question of mutual and international intelligibility of ASEAN English as a lingua franca. The findings reveal a great degree of phonological variation in the lingua franca English of speakers from ASEAN, including the tendency to avoid the use of reduced vowels and a related tendency towards syllable timing.Less
This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological features identified in ASEAN English lingua franca speech which appear to be shared by speakers from different countries, and considers the question of mutual and international intelligibility of ASEAN English as a lingua franca. The findings reveal a great degree of phonological variation in the lingua franca English of speakers from ASEAN, including the tendency to avoid the use of reduced vowels and a related tendency towards syllable timing.
Ulrike Jessner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619139
- eISBN:
- 9780748671496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619139.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy
This chapter discusses the sociolinguistic aspects of multilingualism, which are seen to develop in parallel with the changing status of English. The focus on ‘multilingualism with English’ moves ...
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This chapter discusses the sociolinguistic aspects of multilingualism, which are seen to develop in parallel with the changing status of English. The focus on ‘multilingualism with English’ moves from a global to a European-centred perspective, where the status and characteristics of English as a third language, which in many cases is linked to its role as a lingua franca, is considered. Although the main focus of this book rests on the psycholinguistic study of third-language use, the interdependency between linguistic conditions on the societal level and the individual use and knowledge of languages needs to be emphasized. Therefore, the final section addresses some issues that are relevant for both socio- and psycholinguistic aspects of the study of the multilingual individual.Less
This chapter discusses the sociolinguistic aspects of multilingualism, which are seen to develop in parallel with the changing status of English. The focus on ‘multilingualism with English’ moves from a global to a European-centred perspective, where the status and characteristics of English as a third language, which in many cases is linked to its role as a lingua franca, is considered. Although the main focus of this book rests on the psycholinguistic study of third-language use, the interdependency between linguistic conditions on the societal level and the individual use and knowledge of languages needs to be emphasized. Therefore, the final section addresses some issues that are relevant for both socio- and psycholinguistic aspects of the study of the multilingual individual.
Philippe Van Parijs
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199363391
- eISBN:
- 9780199363414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199363391.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy, English Language
As English emerges as the first worldwide lingua franca, countries whose native language is not English increasingly face the following dilemma: either they will have to lose their soul (by switching ...
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As English emerges as the first worldwide lingua franca, countries whose native language is not English increasingly face the following dilemma: either they will have to lose their soul (by switching off the protection of their national language and culture) or they will have to lose their heart (by scaling down the redistributive component of their welfare state). This conclusion rests on the following premises, which the chapter presents and vindicates: (1) If weaker languages are to survive, the countries in which they are spoken will have to insist on the linguistic territoriality principle. (2) Plurilingual portfolios do now and increasingly will tend to include English. (3) If some area’s native language emerges as a world lingua franca and if the territoriality principle is in place elsewhere, the migration of the highly skilled will display a growing bias toward the lingua franca countries, here called for this reason the ground floor of the world. (4) If there is a significant asymmetric skill drain, then the other countries’ governments will have no real option but to reduce net taxation on high-skilled labor income. The chapter closes with a brief discussion of various conceivable strategies for avoiding, or at least softening the dilemma.Less
As English emerges as the first worldwide lingua franca, countries whose native language is not English increasingly face the following dilemma: either they will have to lose their soul (by switching off the protection of their national language and culture) or they will have to lose their heart (by scaling down the redistributive component of their welfare state). This conclusion rests on the following premises, which the chapter presents and vindicates: (1) If weaker languages are to survive, the countries in which they are spoken will have to insist on the linguistic territoriality principle. (2) Plurilingual portfolios do now and increasingly will tend to include English. (3) If some area’s native language emerges as a world lingua franca and if the territoriality principle is in place elsewhere, the migration of the highly skilled will display a growing bias toward the lingua franca countries, here called for this reason the ground floor of the world. (4) If there is a significant asymmetric skill drain, then the other countries’ governments will have no real option but to reduce net taxation on high-skilled labor income. The chapter closes with a brief discussion of various conceivable strategies for avoiding, or at least softening the dilemma.
C.J.W. Baaij
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190680787
- eISBN:
- 9780190680817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190680787.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
The first step in evaluating and proposing an alternative to current EU Translation is determining which language version is and should be the original text and thus the “source text” for translation ...
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The first step in evaluating and proposing an alternative to current EU Translation is determining which language version is and should be the original text and thus the “source text” for translation into the other language versions. Notwithstanding the rules and rhetoric of EU’s Institutional Multilingualism, English is in reality the language that participants in the EU legislative process use primarily to draft and debate EU legislation. Analogously, the Court of Justice of the EU appears to give more weight to a small number of widely used languages when interpreting EU legislation, particularly the English language version. Europe’s cultural diversity and EU’s democratic legitimacy demand that EU Institutions acknowledge this reality and accept English as the institutional and pan-European lingua franca. Moreover, they ought to formally recognize the English language version as the original and sole authentic legislative text, and thus as the source text in EU Translation.Less
The first step in evaluating and proposing an alternative to current EU Translation is determining which language version is and should be the original text and thus the “source text” for translation into the other language versions. Notwithstanding the rules and rhetoric of EU’s Institutional Multilingualism, English is in reality the language that participants in the EU legislative process use primarily to draft and debate EU legislation. Analogously, the Court of Justice of the EU appears to give more weight to a small number of widely used languages when interpreting EU legislation, particularly the English language version. Europe’s cultural diversity and EU’s democratic legitimacy demand that EU Institutions acknowledge this reality and accept English as the institutional and pan-European lingua franca. Moreover, they ought to formally recognize the English language version as the original and sole authentic legislative text, and thus as the source text in EU Translation.
Philippe Van Parijs
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199208876
- eISBN:
- 9780191803284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199208876.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines linguistic justice as equal opportunity or, more precisely, distributive justice. It first considers the egalitarian conception of distributive justice and the liberal nature ...
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This chapter examines linguistic justice as equal opportunity or, more precisely, distributive justice. It first considers the egalitarian conception of distributive justice and the liberal nature underlying this egalitarian conception before turning to a discussion of language in relation to religion and rights. It then looks at four channels that confer an arbitrary privilege to those whose native language has been chosen as the lingua franca: language-related jobs, linguistic requirements for other jobs, face-to-face interaction, and media-amplified audience. It also explains how redistribution from the linguistically privileged to the linguistically handicapped can address an emerging language-based inequality. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the dissemination of lingua franca through immersion schooling and the substitution of subtitling for dubbing as a means for democratising competence in the lingua franca.Less
This chapter examines linguistic justice as equal opportunity or, more precisely, distributive justice. It first considers the egalitarian conception of distributive justice and the liberal nature underlying this egalitarian conception before turning to a discussion of language in relation to religion and rights. It then looks at four channels that confer an arbitrary privilege to those whose native language has been chosen as the lingua franca: language-related jobs, linguistic requirements for other jobs, face-to-face interaction, and media-amplified audience. It also explains how redistribution from the linguistically privileged to the linguistically handicapped can address an emerging language-based inequality. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the dissemination of lingua franca through immersion schooling and the substitution of subtitling for dubbing as a means for democratising competence in the lingua franca.
Fiona Mc Laughlin
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190657543
- eISBN:
- 9780190657574
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter considers how Wolof, an Atlantic language spoken in Senegal, has become an important lingua franca, and how French has contributed to the ascent of Wolof. The nature of social relations ...
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This chapter considers how Wolof, an Atlantic language spoken in Senegal, has become an important lingua franca, and how French has contributed to the ascent of Wolof. The nature of social relations between Africans and French in cities along the Atlantic coast in the 18th and 19th centuries were such that a prestigious urban way of speaking Wolof that made liberal use of French borrowings became the language of the city. As an index of urban belonging, opportunity, and modernity, Wolof was viewed as a useful language, a trend that has continued up to the present. Four case studies illustrate how the use of Wolof facilitates mobility for speakers of other languages in Senegal. By drawing a distinction between the formal and informal language sectors, this chapter offers a more realistic view of everyday language practices in Senegal, where Wolof is the dominant language.Less
This chapter considers how Wolof, an Atlantic language spoken in Senegal, has become an important lingua franca, and how French has contributed to the ascent of Wolof. The nature of social relations between Africans and French in cities along the Atlantic coast in the 18th and 19th centuries were such that a prestigious urban way of speaking Wolof that made liberal use of French borrowings became the language of the city. As an index of urban belonging, opportunity, and modernity, Wolof was viewed as a useful language, a trend that has continued up to the present. Four case studies illustrate how the use of Wolof facilitates mobility for speakers of other languages in Senegal. By drawing a distinction between the formal and informal language sectors, this chapter offers a more realistic view of everyday language practices in Senegal, where Wolof is the dominant language.
M. Kittiya Lee
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226126173
- eISBN:
- 9780226125671
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226125671.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter provides the historical context for understanding the early development of the language known to colonial writers and observers as the Brasílica and referenced in linguistic and ...
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This chapter provides the historical context for understanding the early development of the language known to colonial writers and observers as the Brasílica and referenced in linguistic and historical scholarship as the Língua Geral of Brazil. It examines the colonial-era relations between Tupi-Guarani Indians and the Portuguese and other Europeans in Brazil and Amazonia. It begins with an ethnohistorical analysis of a 1519 vocabulary in order to illustrate the nature and linguistic range of initial inter-ethnic communication. The characteristics evident in this early encounter are then viewed over the longue durée of three centuries (1500-1800) to suggest that the language family shaped inter-ethnic affairs – including linguistic communication – because of a distinct Tupi-Guarani ethos of engagement with European and non-Tupi-Guarani indigenous outsiders.Less
This chapter provides the historical context for understanding the early development of the language known to colonial writers and observers as the Brasílica and referenced in linguistic and historical scholarship as the Língua Geral of Brazil. It examines the colonial-era relations between Tupi-Guarani Indians and the Portuguese and other Europeans in Brazil and Amazonia. It begins with an ethnohistorical analysis of a 1519 vocabulary in order to illustrate the nature and linguistic range of initial inter-ethnic communication. The characteristics evident in this early encounter are then viewed over the longue durée of three centuries (1500-1800) to suggest that the language family shaped inter-ethnic affairs – including linguistic communication – because of a distinct Tupi-Guarani ethos of engagement with European and non-Tupi-Guarani indigenous outsiders.
