Anne Pakir
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028436
- eISBN:
- 9789882206939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028436.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines how lingua franca as a theoretical concept applied to the sociolinguistic realities of English use in Singapore may assist us in negotiating Singapore's English language ...
More
This chapter examines how lingua franca as a theoretical concept applied to the sociolinguistic realities of English use in Singapore may assist us in negotiating Singapore's English language education. It discusses the concept of the English as Lingua France (ELF) movement and research in world Englishes and International English (IE), and explains their pedagogical and educational implications. It also explores the continuity, innovation, and diversity in Singapore's English language education.Less
This chapter examines how lingua franca as a theoretical concept applied to the sociolinguistic realities of English use in Singapore may assist us in negotiating Singapore's English language education. It discusses the concept of the English as Lingua France (ELF) movement and research in world Englishes and International English (IE), and explains their pedagogical and educational implications. It also explores the continuity, innovation, and diversity in Singapore's English language education.
Brenda Danet and Susan C. Herring (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304794
- eISBN:
- 9780199788248
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304794.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
Although English is the de facto lingua franca of the Internet, most Internet users are not native speakers of English. Two-thirds of the one billion users now online communicate in other languages, ...
More
Although English is the de facto lingua franca of the Internet, most Internet users are not native speakers of English. Two-thirds of the one billion users now online communicate in other languages, in non-native English, or both. Yet the English-based scholarly literature on computer-mediated communication (CMC) does not reflect this diversity. This book analyzes text-based CMC in multiple languages other than native English. Its eighteen chapters, most of them case studies focusing on a particular language or multilingual situation, address a range of topics: writing systems and the Internet; linguistic and discourse features of local language use online; gender, language, and culture online; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, currently and projected into the future. Secondary themes addressed include playfulness and creativity in CMC; romanization of languages ordinarily written in other scripts; and comparison of CMC-specific features in various languages. The languages described include French, Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Spanish, Catalan, Japanese, Thai, Portuguese, and non-native Englishes. A wide range of CMC modes is covered, from personal email, discussion lists, and text messaging on mobile phones (asynchronous) to instant messaging, ICQ, and graphical chat (synchronous) — as used by teenagers, university students and other young people, housewives, and professionals. The book includes an introduction with numerous references.Less
Although English is the de facto lingua franca of the Internet, most Internet users are not native speakers of English. Two-thirds of the one billion users now online communicate in other languages, in non-native English, or both. Yet the English-based scholarly literature on computer-mediated communication (CMC) does not reflect this diversity. This book analyzes text-based CMC in multiple languages other than native English. Its eighteen chapters, most of them case studies focusing on a particular language or multilingual situation, address a range of topics: writing systems and the Internet; linguistic and discourse features of local language use online; gender, language, and culture online; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, currently and projected into the future. Secondary themes addressed include playfulness and creativity in CMC; romanization of languages ordinarily written in other scripts; and comparison of CMC-specific features in various languages. The languages described include French, Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Spanish, Catalan, Japanese, Thai, Portuguese, and non-native Englishes. A wide range of CMC modes is covered, from personal email, discussion lists, and text messaging on mobile phones (asynchronous) to instant messaging, ICQ, and graphical chat (synchronous) — as used by teenagers, university students and other young people, housewives, and professionals. The book includes an introduction with numerous references.
Brenda Danet and Susan C. Herring
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304794
- eISBN:
- 9780199788248
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304794.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This introductory chapter reviews research on the language(s) of CMC in a variety of linguistic/sociocultural contexts, focusing on constraints of writing systems; linguistic and discourse features ...
More
This introductory chapter reviews research on the language(s) of CMC in a variety of linguistic/sociocultural contexts, focusing on constraints of writing systems; linguistic and discourse features of communication online, with special attention to Japanese and Greek; gender and culture; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, compared with linguistic diversity worldwide. Specific issues addressed include how speakers of languages not using the Roman alphabet improvise creative ways to represent their languages online, online language choice in multilingual European contexts, and the status of English vis-à-vis minority languages on the Internet. The eighteen chapters in the book are then described and classified according to the CMC mode(s), linguistic phenomena, and user demographics analyzed in each. The review of literature includes a sampling of publications in European languages.Less
This introductory chapter reviews research on the language(s) of CMC in a variety of linguistic/sociocultural contexts, focusing on constraints of writing systems; linguistic and discourse features of communication online, with special attention to Japanese and Greek; gender and culture; language choice and code switching; and linguistic diversity on the Internet, compared with linguistic diversity worldwide. Specific issues addressed include how speakers of languages not using the Roman alphabet improvise creative ways to represent their languages online, online language choice in multilingual European contexts, and the status of English vis-à-vis minority languages on the Internet. The eighteen chapters in the book are then described and classified according to the CMC mode(s), linguistic phenomena, and user demographics analyzed in each. The review of literature includes a sampling of publications in European languages.
Mercedes Durham
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304794
- eISBN:
- 9780199788248
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304794.003.0014
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines the linguistic choices made by multilingual Swiss medical students on an asynchronous Internet discussion list. A quantitative analysis of language choice in over 1,000 messages ...
More
This chapter examines the linguistic choices made by multilingual Swiss medical students on an asynchronous Internet discussion list. A quantitative analysis of language choice in over 1,000 messages sent to the list over a period of four calendar years shows that English was progressively adopted as the lingua franca by the French, German, and Italian native speaking members of the association, largely superceding the use of their native languages. The analysis also reveals that although some messages were in English, French, and German, only a small minority of messages contain code switching. A qualitative analysis of participants’ linguistic choices and their own metalinguistic commentary provides clues as to why English has gained in importance on this list and in Switzerland as a whole.Less
This chapter examines the linguistic choices made by multilingual Swiss medical students on an asynchronous Internet discussion list. A quantitative analysis of language choice in over 1,000 messages sent to the list over a period of four calendar years shows that English was progressively adopted as the lingua franca by the French, German, and Italian native speaking members of the association, largely superceding the use of their native languages. The analysis also reveals that although some messages were in English, French, and German, only a small minority of messages contain code switching. A qualitative analysis of participants’ linguistic choices and their own metalinguistic commentary provides clues as to why English has gained in importance on this list and in Switzerland as a whole.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines the pedagogical implications of the multilingual model and the lingua franca approach in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ...
More
This chapter examines the pedagogical implications of the multilingual model and the lingua franca approach in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It attempts to answer the questions concerning the teaching of English in schools and who should teach it. The chapter suggests that English should not be used as a medium of instruction in primary schools and that the linguistic focus of primary schools in ASEAN should be on local languages, not English.Less
This chapter examines the pedagogical implications of the multilingual model and the lingua franca approach in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It attempts to answer the questions concerning the teaching of English in schools and who should teach it. The chapter suggests that English should not be used as a medium of instruction in primary schools and that the linguistic focus of primary schools in ASEAN should be on local languages, not English.
Anna Wierzbicka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195174748
- eISBN:
- 9780199788514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195174748.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
This chapter discusses the significance of the “cultural baggage” of English in a world in which English is increasingly functioning as a global lingua franca. It discusses the use of English by ...
More
This chapter discusses the significance of the “cultural baggage” of English in a world in which English is increasingly functioning as a global lingua franca. It discusses the use of English by international organizations and bodies such as ASEAN, and its use in international law and international aviation. It explores the links between Anglo/English cultural scripts, conversational routines, and culture-specific values, and it shows the dangers inherent in regarding English as a “culture-neutral” medium of international communication. It also discusses the implications of the historically shaped cultural content of English for the practical — and immensely important — issues of intercultural communication and cross-cultural education.Less
This chapter discusses the significance of the “cultural baggage” of English in a world in which English is increasingly functioning as a global lingua franca. It discusses the use of English by international organizations and bodies such as ASEAN, and its use in international law and international aviation. It explores the links between Anglo/English cultural scripts, conversational routines, and culture-specific values, and it shows the dangers inherent in regarding English as a “culture-neutral” medium of international communication. It also discusses the implications of the historically shaped cultural content of English for the practical — and immensely important — issues of intercultural communication and cross-cultural education.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship ...
More
The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship between English, the respective national languages of ASEAN, and thousands of local languages. How can the demand for English be balanced against the need for people to acquire their national language and mother tongue? While many will also need a regional lingua franca, they are learning English as the first foreign language from primary school in all ASEAN countries. Might not this early introduction of English threaten local languages and children's ability to learn? Or can English be introduced and taught in such a way that it can complement local languages rather than replace them? The aim of this book is to explore questions such as these and then make recommendations on language policy and language education for regional policymakers.Less
The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship between English, the respective national languages of ASEAN, and thousands of local languages. How can the demand for English be balanced against the need for people to acquire their national language and mother tongue? While many will also need a regional lingua franca, they are learning English as the first foreign language from primary school in all ASEAN countries. Might not this early introduction of English threaten local languages and children's ability to learn? Or can English be introduced and taught in such a way that it can complement local languages rather than replace them? The aim of this book is to explore questions such as these and then make recommendations on language policy and language education for regional policymakers.
Philippe Van Parijs
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199208876
- eISBN:
- 9780191803284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199208876.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter proposes a stylised picture of the mechanism that underpins the spread of competence in the lingua franca and many other linguistic phenomena. It begins with an overview of the emergence ...
More
This chapter proposes a stylised picture of the mechanism that underpins the spread of competence in the lingua franca and many other linguistic phenomena. It begins with an overview of the emergence of English as Europe’s lingua franca before turning to a discussion of probability-driven language learning. It then considers the maxi-min-guided choice of the language used in communication between multilingual speakers and its interaction with probability-driven learning to generate the so-called maxi-min dynamics. The chapter also examines maxi-min dynamics within the context of power relationships and concludes with an argument that emphasises the role of trans-national demos in promoting egalitarian justice.Less
This chapter proposes a stylised picture of the mechanism that underpins the spread of competence in the lingua franca and many other linguistic phenomena. It begins with an overview of the emergence of English as Europe’s lingua franca before turning to a discussion of probability-driven language learning. It then considers the maxi-min-guided choice of the language used in communication between multilingual speakers and its interaction with probability-driven learning to generate the so-called maxi-min dynamics. The chapter also examines maxi-min dynamics within the context of power relationships and concludes with an argument that emphasises the role of trans-national demos in promoting egalitarian justice.
Tsedal Neeley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691196121
- eISBN:
- 9781400888641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691196121.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This introductory chapter shows how workers in the global organization Rakuten can be conceived of as expatriates in their own countries. Expatriates (often shortened to “expats”) are people ...
More
This introductory chapter shows how workers in the global organization Rakuten can be conceived of as expatriates in their own countries. Expatriates (often shortened to “expats”) are people temporarily or permanently residing as immigrants in a country other than that of their citizenship. This chapter repurposes the word “expat” to mean people who are temporarily or permanently detached from their mother tongue or home culture while still operating in their own country. Here, the change to a lingua franca is the catalyst for all employees to become an expat of one sort or another in their daily organizational work while still living in their native country. Furthermore, the expat perspective that this chapter conceptualizes rests on the assumption that everyone is at least slightly uncomfortable detaching from a native language or culture.Less
This introductory chapter shows how workers in the global organization Rakuten can be conceived of as expatriates in their own countries. Expatriates (often shortened to “expats”) are people temporarily or permanently residing as immigrants in a country other than that of their citizenship. This chapter repurposes the word “expat” to mean people who are temporarily or permanently detached from their mother tongue or home culture while still operating in their own country. Here, the change to a lingua franca is the catalyst for all employees to become an expat of one sort or another in their daily organizational work while still living in their native country. Furthermore, the expat perspective that this chapter conceptualizes rests on the assumption that everyone is at least slightly uncomfortable detaching from a native language or culture.
Thomas Ricento (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199363391
- eISBN:
- 9780199363414
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199363391.003.0013
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy, English Language
This chapter examines the complexity and confusion that the term “global English” has generated in various literatures. The chapter considers the evolution, relevance, and utility of the constructs ...
More
This chapter examines the complexity and confusion that the term “global English” has generated in various literatures. The chapter considers the evolution, relevance, and utility of the constructs English as a lingua franca (ELF) and lingua franca English (LFE) described in the applied linguistics and world Englishes literatures. In doing so, the chapter considers the challenges in describing a dispersed and contextualized language variety (LFE) and mapping it with a coherent speech community. The chapter then considers the role of English in development in low-income countries where it is a medium of instruction or offered as a subject in schools and argue that there are socioeconomic and sociopolitical “facts” that favor access for some people (and not others) to English in postcolonial and expanding-circle countries, and especially to the “appropriate” sort of English that can facilitate access to the domains where this linguistic capital can be “cashed in.”Less
This chapter examines the complexity and confusion that the term “global English” has generated in various literatures. The chapter considers the evolution, relevance, and utility of the constructs English as a lingua franca (ELF) and lingua franca English (LFE) described in the applied linguistics and world Englishes literatures. In doing so, the chapter considers the challenges in describing a dispersed and contextualized language variety (LFE) and mapping it with a coherent speech community. The chapter then considers the role of English in development in low-income countries where it is a medium of instruction or offered as a subject in schools and argue that there are socioeconomic and sociopolitical “facts” that favor access for some people (and not others) to English in postcolonial and expanding-circle countries, and especially to the “appropriate” sort of English that can facilitate access to the domains where this linguistic capital can be “cashed in.”
Tsedal Neeley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691196121
- eISBN:
- 9781400888641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691196121.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter considers how the insights from book's research and other in-depth work that the author has conducted can serve as a guide for practitioners at three levels in the organization—top ...
More
This chapter considers how the insights from book's research and other in-depth work that the author has conducted can serve as a guide for practitioners at three levels in the organization—top leaders, managers, and employees—who are seeking to better navigate shifts as they adopt practices for their organizations' lingua franca and cultural transitions. It details the factors that top leaders need to consider when assessing the appropriateness of a lingua franca and corresponding implementation tactics. Without a broader understanding of how language changes affect their workforce, and what is needed for implementation, many organizations will falter in their lingua franca mandates. The chapter also highlights how managers can practically support and accurately evaluate employees who are operating in a cross-lingua environment. Finally, it provides communication strategies for employees in their everyday interactions globally.Less
This chapter considers how the insights from book's research and other in-depth work that the author has conducted can serve as a guide for practitioners at three levels in the organization—top leaders, managers, and employees—who are seeking to better navigate shifts as they adopt practices for their organizations' lingua franca and cultural transitions. It details the factors that top leaders need to consider when assessing the appropriateness of a lingua franca and corresponding implementation tactics. Without a broader understanding of how language changes affect their workforce, and what is needed for implementation, many organizations will falter in their lingua franca mandates. The chapter also highlights how managers can practically support and accurately evaluate employees who are operating in a cross-lingua environment. Finally, it provides communication strategies for employees in their everyday interactions globally.
Philippe Van Parijs
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199208876
- eISBN:
- 9780191803284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199208876.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines how injustice can arise when one language is given a privileged status. More precisely, it considers three interpretations of the putative injustice generated or amplified by ...
More
This chapter examines how injustice can arise when one language is given a privileged status. More precisely, it considers three interpretations of the putative injustice generated or amplified by the adoption of a lingua franca. The discussion begins with an analysis of linguistic injustice in terms of unfair cooperation, along with cooperative justice as the most defensible criterion of linguistic justice. The chapter then describes how non-excludability gives rise to free riding and compares indefinite learning with one-off conversion. It also explains how fairness requires sharing the cost of learning among all those who benefit from the learning. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the policy implications of linguistic justice as conceived in the real world.Less
This chapter examines how injustice can arise when one language is given a privileged status. More precisely, it considers three interpretations of the putative injustice generated or amplified by the adoption of a lingua franca. The discussion begins with an analysis of linguistic injustice in terms of unfair cooperation, along with cooperative justice as the most defensible criterion of linguistic justice. The chapter then describes how non-excludability gives rise to free riding and compares indefinite learning with one-off conversion. It also explains how fairness requires sharing the cost of learning among all those who benefit from the learning. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the policy implications of linguistic justice as conceived in the real world.
Anna Wierzbicka
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195174748
- eISBN:
- 9780199788514
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195174748.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
English is the most widely-spoken language in the world, and it is rapidly becoming a global lingua franca. But it is not culturally neutral: like any other language, it carries with it a cultural ...
More
English is the most widely-spoken language in the world, and it is rapidly becoming a global lingua franca. But it is not culturally neutral: like any other language, it carries with it a cultural baggage. There are many varieties of English, but there is also “Anglo” English (or what the Indian American linguist Braj Kachru has called the “English of the inner circle”). This book argues that rather than denying the existence and continued relevance of the cultural “baggage” embedded in English (“Anglo” English), it is important to explore the contents of that baggage — important for practical, as well as intellectual, reasons: for language teaching, “cultural literacy” teaching, cross-cultural training, international communication, and so on. It is important to “denaturalize” English and to identify and acknowledge the historically shaped cultural meanings embedded in it, if only so that they are no longer taken for granted as the voice of “reason” itself. To be able to reveal the cultural meanings embedded in the English language we need a suitable methodology. This book shows that such a methodology is available in the so-called “Natural Semantic Metalanguage” (NSM) approach, inaugurated by the author in her 1972 book Semantic Primitives and subsequently developed in collaboration with her Australian colleague Cliff Goddard. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is a unique system of meaning description which uses simple words of ordinary language, instead of technical formalisms, used in other linguistic approaches. Thus, this book seeks to launch a new, meaning-based approach to the study of the English language. Its aim is to investigate English as a historically shaped universe of meaning and to reveal English's cultural underpinnings and their implications for the modern world.Less
English is the most widely-spoken language in the world, and it is rapidly becoming a global lingua franca. But it is not culturally neutral: like any other language, it carries with it a cultural baggage. There are many varieties of English, but there is also “Anglo” English (or what the Indian American linguist Braj Kachru has called the “English of the inner circle”). This book argues that rather than denying the existence and continued relevance of the cultural “baggage” embedded in English (“Anglo” English), it is important to explore the contents of that baggage — important for practical, as well as intellectual, reasons: for language teaching, “cultural literacy” teaching, cross-cultural training, international communication, and so on. It is important to “denaturalize” English and to identify and acknowledge the historically shaped cultural meanings embedded in it, if only so that they are no longer taken for granted as the voice of “reason” itself. To be able to reveal the cultural meanings embedded in the English language we need a suitable methodology. This book shows that such a methodology is available in the so-called “Natural Semantic Metalanguage” (NSM) approach, inaugurated by the author in her 1972 book Semantic Primitives and subsequently developed in collaboration with her Australian colleague Cliff Goddard. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is a unique system of meaning description which uses simple words of ordinary language, instead of technical formalisms, used in other linguistic approaches. Thus, this book seeks to launch a new, meaning-based approach to the study of the English language. Its aim is to investigate English as a historically shaped universe of meaning and to reveal English's cultural underpinnings and their implications for the modern world.
Vicente L. Rafael
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099470
- eISBN:
- 9789882207264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099470.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter discusses Taglish as a lingua franca of the mass media. Tagalog serves as the language of commercially driven mass media, specifically radio, television, and film. As the lingua franca ...
More
This chapter discusses Taglish as a lingua franca of the mass media. Tagalog serves as the language of commercially driven mass media, specifically radio, television, and film. As the lingua franca of the mass media, Tagalog manages in fact to have a translocal reach. It does so, however, only and always in conjunction with other translocal languages: English and Spanish. Thus, it is as another kind of language, Taglish, that Tagalog comes across as a lingua franca, providing the conditions for the emergence of a mass audience in the contemporary Philippines.Less
This chapter discusses Taglish as a lingua franca of the mass media. Tagalog serves as the language of commercially driven mass media, specifically radio, television, and film. As the lingua franca of the mass media, Tagalog manages in fact to have a translocal reach. It does so, however, only and always in conjunction with other translocal languages: English and Spanish. Thus, it is as another kind of language, Taglish, that Tagalog comes across as a lingua franca, providing the conditions for the emergence of a mass audience in the contemporary Philippines.
Tsedal Neeley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691196121
- eISBN:
- 9781400888641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691196121.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter is about the linguistic-cultural expats. These refer to a third group of employees who worked at Rakuten's subsidiary offices in Asia, Europe, and South America. Like the Japanese ...
More
This chapter is about the linguistic-cultural expats. These refer to a third group of employees who worked at Rakuten's subsidiary offices in Asia, Europe, and South America. Like the Japanese employees, after the Englishnization mandate they too were required to communicate in a lingua franca that was different from their native tongue. Like the American employees, they too had to adapt to the many workplace changes that made up the Rakuten organizational culture. Because this group worked in both a language and a culture that was not their own, the chapter refers to them as the linguistic-cultural expats or, alternatively, dual expats. Here, the process of living in and learning a foreign culture, although challenging for many individuals in the first two groups, emerged as freeing for the dual expat employees and allowed them entry to more adaptive attitudes and behaviors.Less
This chapter is about the linguistic-cultural expats. These refer to a third group of employees who worked at Rakuten's subsidiary offices in Asia, Europe, and South America. Like the Japanese employees, after the Englishnization mandate they too were required to communicate in a lingua franca that was different from their native tongue. Like the American employees, they too had to adapt to the many workplace changes that made up the Rakuten organizational culture. Because this group worked in both a language and a culture that was not their own, the chapter refers to them as the linguistic-cultural expats or, alternatively, dual expats. Here, the process of living in and learning a foreign culture, although challenging for many individuals in the first two groups, emerged as freeing for the dual expat employees and allowed them entry to more adaptive attitudes and behaviors.
Tsedal Neeley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691196121
- eISBN:
- 9781400888641
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691196121.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter documents the largely beneficial results of the lingua franca mandate on Rakuten over a period of five years, including the rise in international acquisitions, accelerated ...
More
This chapter documents the largely beneficial results of the lingua franca mandate on Rakuten over a period of five years, including the rise in international acquisitions, accelerated post-integration activities, centralized technical platforms, and knowledge sharing. An expanded and global talent pool changed hiring patterns within the Tokyo headquarters and worldwide, particularly in the engineering ranks. While many advances were made in the advent of the English language mandate, the chapter also highlights enduring challenges. In addition, it shows examples of Rakuten's influence beyond the confines of the organization. It chronicles how the prime minister of Japan tapped Mikitani to join a newly formed advisory body, the Industrial Competitiveness Council, to aid in developing a globalization agenda. A national language strategy was rooted in the actions that the council adopted. These activities demonstrate the role that companies can have in shaping societal growth and character.Less
This chapter documents the largely beneficial results of the lingua franca mandate on Rakuten over a period of five years, including the rise in international acquisitions, accelerated post-integration activities, centralized technical platforms, and knowledge sharing. An expanded and global talent pool changed hiring patterns within the Tokyo headquarters and worldwide, particularly in the engineering ranks. While many advances were made in the advent of the English language mandate, the chapter also highlights enduring challenges. In addition, it shows examples of Rakuten's influence beyond the confines of the organization. It chronicles how the prime minister of Japan tapped Mikitani to join a newly formed advisory body, the Industrial Competitiveness Council, to aid in developing a globalization agenda. A national language strategy was rooted in the actions that the council adopted. These activities demonstrate the role that companies can have in shaping societal growth and character.
Ulrike Jessner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619139
- eISBN:
- 9780748671496
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619139.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy
This book discusses cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects of third language acquisition and trilingualism, and explores the key role of linguistic awareness in multilingual proficiency and language ...
More
This book discusses cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects of third language acquisition and trilingualism, and explores the key role of linguistic awareness in multilingual proficiency and language learning. In view of the widespread acquisition of English by those who are already bilingual or are also acquiring a regional lingua franca, this study contributes to the current discussion of multilingualism with English in Europe and beyond, as well as the understanding of multilingual speech processing. The author supports a dynamic view of multilingualism by stressing the cognitive advantages that the contact with more languages can offer, and uses this approach as the basis for future language teaching and learning. Chapters cover topics such as performing in a third language, metalinguistic awareness in multilinguals and in multilingual education, and English as a third language in Europe.Less
This book discusses cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects of third language acquisition and trilingualism, and explores the key role of linguistic awareness in multilingual proficiency and language learning. In view of the widespread acquisition of English by those who are already bilingual or are also acquiring a regional lingua franca, this study contributes to the current discussion of multilingualism with English in Europe and beyond, as well as the understanding of multilingual speech processing. The author supports a dynamic view of multilingualism by stressing the cognitive advantages that the contact with more languages can offer, and uses this approach as the basis for future language teaching and learning. Chapters cover topics such as performing in a third language, metalinguistic awareness in multilinguals and in multilingual education, and English as a third language in Europe.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological ...
More
This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological features identified in ASEAN English lingua franca speech which appear to be shared by speakers from different countries, and considers the question of mutual and international intelligibility of ASEAN English as a lingua franca. The findings reveal a great degree of phonological variation in the lingua franca English of speakers from ASEAN, including the tendency to avoid the use of reduced vowels and a related tendency towards syllable timing.Less
This chapter describes a selection of the phonological and lexical features of English-language speakers in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. It discusses phonological features identified in ASEAN English lingua franca speech which appear to be shared by speakers from different countries, and considers the question of mutual and international intelligibility of ASEAN English as a lingua franca. The findings reveal a great degree of phonological variation in the lingua franca English of speakers from ASEAN, including the tendency to avoid the use of reduced vowels and a related tendency towards syllable timing.
Tsedal Neeley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691196121
- eISBN:
- 9781400888641
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691196121.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
For nearly three decades, English has been the lingua franca of cross-border business, yet studies on global language strategies have been scarce. Providing a rare behind-the-scenes look at the ...
More
For nearly three decades, English has been the lingua franca of cross-border business, yet studies on global language strategies have been scarce. Providing a rare behind-the-scenes look at the high-tech giant Rakuten in the five years following its English mandate, this book explores how language shapes the ways in which employees in global organizations communicate and negotiate linguistic and cultural differences. Drawing on 650 interviews conducted across Rakuten's locations around the world, the book argues that an organization's lingua franca is the catalyst by which all employees become some kind of “expat”—detached from their native tongue or culture. Demonstrating that language can serve as the conduit for an unfamiliar culture, often in unexpected ways, the book uncovers how all organizations might integrate language effectively to tap into the promise of globalization.Less
For nearly three decades, English has been the lingua franca of cross-border business, yet studies on global language strategies have been scarce. Providing a rare behind-the-scenes look at the high-tech giant Rakuten in the five years following its English mandate, this book explores how language shapes the ways in which employees in global organizations communicate and negotiate linguistic and cultural differences. Drawing on 650 interviews conducted across Rakuten's locations around the world, the book argues that an organization's lingua franca is the catalyst by which all employees become some kind of “expat”—detached from their native tongue or culture. Demonstrating that language can serve as the conduit for an unfamiliar culture, often in unexpected ways, the book uncovers how all organizations might integrate language effectively to tap into the promise of globalization.
Ulrike Jessner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748619139
- eISBN:
- 9780748671496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748619139.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Pedagogy
This chapter discusses the sociolinguistic aspects of multilingualism, which are seen to develop in parallel with the changing status of English. The focus on ‘multilingualism with English’ moves ...
More
This chapter discusses the sociolinguistic aspects of multilingualism, which are seen to develop in parallel with the changing status of English. The focus on ‘multilingualism with English’ moves from a global to a European-centred perspective, where the status and characteristics of English as a third language, which in many cases is linked to its role as a lingua franca, is considered. Although the main focus of this book rests on the psycholinguistic study of third-language use, the interdependency between linguistic conditions on the societal level and the individual use and knowledge of languages needs to be emphasized. Therefore, the final section addresses some issues that are relevant for both socio- and psycholinguistic aspects of the study of the multilingual individual.Less
This chapter discusses the sociolinguistic aspects of multilingualism, which are seen to develop in parallel with the changing status of English. The focus on ‘multilingualism with English’ moves from a global to a European-centred perspective, where the status and characteristics of English as a third language, which in many cases is linked to its role as a lingua franca, is considered. Although the main focus of this book rests on the psycholinguistic study of third-language use, the interdependency between linguistic conditions on the societal level and the individual use and knowledge of languages needs to be emphasized. Therefore, the final section addresses some issues that are relevant for both socio- and psycholinguistic aspects of the study of the multilingual individual.
