Julie Horney, Patrick Tolan, and David Weisburd
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199828166
- eISBN:
- 9780199951208
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199828166.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter addresses three contextual influences on the onset, continuation, or escalation of offending during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. First the chapter examines four ...
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This chapter addresses three contextual influences on the onset, continuation, or escalation of offending during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. First the chapter examines four individual life circumstances that typically undergo dramatic change during the transition to adulthood—romantic relationships and marriage, parenthood, employment and leisure activities, reviewing what is known about their impact on the continuity or discontinuity in offending. Second the chapter addresses the situational factors surrounding specific criminal events, including crime places, asking how they change with the transition to adulthood and how their influences may be moderated by age. Finally the chapter turns to the broad context of neighborhood and community, examining how they set the stage for the transition to adulthood and how they may moderate the effects of individual life circumstances, either facilitating or impeding the successful transition to adult roles that can lead to desistance from crime. For each of the three contextual influences, the chapter provides a review of the current literature and recommendations for productive directions for future research.Less
This chapter addresses three contextual influences on the onset, continuation, or escalation of offending during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. First the chapter examines four individual life circumstances that typically undergo dramatic change during the transition to adulthood—romantic relationships and marriage, parenthood, employment and leisure activities, reviewing what is known about their impact on the continuity or discontinuity in offending. Second the chapter addresses the situational factors surrounding specific criminal events, including crime places, asking how they change with the transition to adulthood and how their influences may be moderated by age. Finally the chapter turns to the broad context of neighborhood and community, examining how they set the stage for the transition to adulthood and how they may moderate the effects of individual life circumstances, either facilitating or impeding the successful transition to adult roles that can lead to desistance from crime. For each of the three contextual influences, the chapter provides a review of the current literature and recommendations for productive directions for future research.
Lara Deeb and Mona Harb
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153650
- eISBN:
- 9781400848560
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153650.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Cafés are places where people are essentially forced to take a stance on the morality of specific activities, not only by choosing whether to partake, but also by passively accepting others' ...
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Cafés are places where people are essentially forced to take a stance on the morality of specific activities, not only by choosing whether to partake, but also by passively accepting others' participation in their presence. Because many of the moral “rules” about the sorts of things one can do in a café—like listen to music or smoke argileh—are not clear-cut, cafés require people to navigate complex moral terrain in order to have fun while feeling good about themselves. This chapter takes up a number of these debatable activities in order to show how more or less pious Shi'i Muslims, especially youths, employ moral flexibility in their discourses and practices of leisure. In some cases, people negotiate among different rubrics of morality, while in others they choose to ignore particular tenets or disagree about the accuracy of a rule in the first place.Less
Cafés are places where people are essentially forced to take a stance on the morality of specific activities, not only by choosing whether to partake, but also by passively accepting others' participation in their presence. Because many of the moral “rules” about the sorts of things one can do in a café—like listen to music or smoke argileh—are not clear-cut, cafés require people to navigate complex moral terrain in order to have fun while feeling good about themselves. This chapter takes up a number of these debatable activities in order to show how more or less pious Shi'i Muslims, especially youths, employ moral flexibility in their discourses and practices of leisure. In some cases, people negotiate among different rubrics of morality, while in others they choose to ignore particular tenets or disagree about the accuracy of a rule in the first place.
Scott Wallsten
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226206844
- eISBN:
- 9780226206981
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226206981.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The Internet has radically transformed the way we live our lives. The net changes in consumer surplus and economic activity, however, are difficult to measure because some online activities, such as ...
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The Internet has radically transformed the way we live our lives. The net changes in consumer surplus and economic activity, however, are difficult to measure because some online activities, such as obtaining news, are new ways of doing old activities while new activities, like social media, have an opportunity cost in terms of activities crowded out. This paper uses data from the American Time Use Survey from 2003–2011 to estimate the crowdout effects of leisure time spent online. That data show that time spent online and the share of the population engaged in online activities has been increasing steadily. I find that, on the margin, each minute of online leisure time is correlated with 0.29 fewer minutes on all other types of leisure, with about half of that coming from time spent watching TV and video, 0.05 minutes from (offline) socializing, 0.04 minutes from relaxing and thinking, and the balance from time spent at parties, attending cultural events, and listening to the radio. Each minute of online leisure is also correlated with 0.27 fewer minutes working, 0.12 fewer minutes sleeping, 0.10 fewer minutes in travel time, 0.07 fewer minutes in household activities, and 0.06 fewer minutes in educational activities.Less
The Internet has radically transformed the way we live our lives. The net changes in consumer surplus and economic activity, however, are difficult to measure because some online activities, such as obtaining news, are new ways of doing old activities while new activities, like social media, have an opportunity cost in terms of activities crowded out. This paper uses data from the American Time Use Survey from 2003–2011 to estimate the crowdout effects of leisure time spent online. That data show that time spent online and the share of the population engaged in online activities has been increasing steadily. I find that, on the margin, each minute of online leisure time is correlated with 0.29 fewer minutes on all other types of leisure, with about half of that coming from time spent watching TV and video, 0.05 minutes from (offline) socializing, 0.04 minutes from relaxing and thinking, and the balance from time spent at parties, attending cultural events, and listening to the radio. Each minute of online leisure is also correlated with 0.27 fewer minutes working, 0.12 fewer minutes sleeping, 0.10 fewer minutes in travel time, 0.07 fewer minutes in household activities, and 0.06 fewer minutes in educational activities.
Catherine Hagan Hennessy, Yvette Staelens, Gloria Lankshear, Andrew Phippen, Avril Silk, and Daniel Zahra
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447310303
- eISBN:
- 9781447310327
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447310303.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
The potential of older people’s participation in leisure activities as a means of creating community capital is an expanding focus of research by gerontologists although to date the leisure ...
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The potential of older people’s participation in leisure activities as a means of creating community capital is an expanding focus of research by gerontologists although to date the leisure engagement of rural elders has received comparatively little attention. This chapter focuses on older people’s connections to rural community life through their engagement in cultural and leisure activities. Older rural residents’ leisure participation and its determinants are considered from a life course perspective as well as the forms and uses of later life leisure within the rural community context. Findings from the GaPL survey on types and frequency of current participation in individual and group-oriented hobbies and social activities are presented. Patterns of participation across life stages are examined through findings from oral histories focused on respondents’ ‘leisure lives’. The chapter also describes a community oral history project designed to raise awareness of older people as rural social and cultural capital and to increase public engagement with this research that formed part of this work.Less
The potential of older people’s participation in leisure activities as a means of creating community capital is an expanding focus of research by gerontologists although to date the leisure engagement of rural elders has received comparatively little attention. This chapter focuses on older people’s connections to rural community life through their engagement in cultural and leisure activities. Older rural residents’ leisure participation and its determinants are considered from a life course perspective as well as the forms and uses of later life leisure within the rural community context. Findings from the GaPL survey on types and frequency of current participation in individual and group-oriented hobbies and social activities are presented. Patterns of participation across life stages are examined through findings from oral histories focused on respondents’ ‘leisure lives’. The chapter also describes a community oral history project designed to raise awareness of older people as rural social and cultural capital and to increase public engagement with this research that formed part of this work.
Steven M. Lowenstein
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195171648
- eISBN:
- 9780199871346
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171648.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter shows that Jewish social life in the 19th century slowly became more sophisticated and less exclusive. Numerous German Jews acquired manners appropriate to polite gentile society and ...
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This chapter shows that Jewish social life in the 19th century slowly became more sophisticated and less exclusive. Numerous German Jews acquired manners appropriate to polite gentile society and began attending cultural events such as concerts and the theater. Though most Jews continued to socialize mainly with coreligionists, mixed Christian-Jewish formal and informal circles became more common. Jews of the higher classes were admitted to general bourgeois associations, and Jews participated in slowly growing numbers in local government and national politics. Violence against Jews became less common. In the liberal era of the 1850s and 1860s, barriers to Jewish mixing with non-Jews were probably lower than ever before in German history, though separate social circles were still quite noticeable.Less
This chapter shows that Jewish social life in the 19th century slowly became more sophisticated and less exclusive. Numerous German Jews acquired manners appropriate to polite gentile society and began attending cultural events such as concerts and the theater. Though most Jews continued to socialize mainly with coreligionists, mixed Christian-Jewish formal and informal circles became more common. Jews of the higher classes were admitted to general bourgeois associations, and Jews participated in slowly growing numbers in local government and national politics. Violence against Jews became less common. In the liberal era of the 1850s and 1860s, barriers to Jewish mixing with non-Jews were probably lower than ever before in German history, though separate social circles were still quite noticeable.
Meenakshi Thapan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195679649
- eISBN:
- 9780199081837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195679649.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
The social background, attitudes, and general experiences of pupils contribute towards establishing the pupil culture in the school. In addition to interaction with people, pupil culture is the ...
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The social background, attitudes, and general experiences of pupils contribute towards establishing the pupil culture in the school. In addition to interaction with people, pupil culture is the result of the pupils' relationship with, and attitude towards, school work and the events that constitute pupil activity in the school. Pupil values influence pupil culture as they encompass and are reflected in pupils' views on different aspects of school life, including ideology and school work. This chapter examines the life of the pupil in terms of school-generated experiences and activities in order to understand what it means to be a pupil in the Rishi Valley School. It discusses pupil' school entry, pupil perspectives on school work, co-curricular and leisure-time activities, sport as an important aspect of the pupils' lives in school, pupil-pupil interaction, and pupil perspectives on the school, and pupil aspirations. The relationship of the pupils with J. Krishnamurthy's transcendental ideology is also discussed.Less
The social background, attitudes, and general experiences of pupils contribute towards establishing the pupil culture in the school. In addition to interaction with people, pupil culture is the result of the pupils' relationship with, and attitude towards, school work and the events that constitute pupil activity in the school. Pupil values influence pupil culture as they encompass and are reflected in pupils' views on different aspects of school life, including ideology and school work. This chapter examines the life of the pupil in terms of school-generated experiences and activities in order to understand what it means to be a pupil in the Rishi Valley School. It discusses pupil' school entry, pupil perspectives on school work, co-curricular and leisure-time activities, sport as an important aspect of the pupils' lives in school, pupil-pupil interaction, and pupil perspectives on the school, and pupil aspirations. The relationship of the pupils with J. Krishnamurthy's transcendental ideology is also discussed.
Tess Ridge
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343628
- eISBN:
- 9781447301745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343628.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter is centred on children's home environment and their personal and familial lives. It reveals children's inner thoughts and fears, which include their families, themselves, and their ...
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This chapter is centred on children's home environment and their personal and familial lives. It reveals children's inner thoughts and fears, which include their families, themselves, and their futures. The chapter is composed of three main sections. The first is on children's opportunities for play and leisure activities at home, while the second is on their understanding and perception of money and need within their families. The third and final section is on children's perceptions of the impact of poverty on their lives.Less
This chapter is centred on children's home environment and their personal and familial lives. It reveals children's inner thoughts and fears, which include their families, themselves, and their futures. The chapter is composed of three main sections. The first is on children's opportunities for play and leisure activities at home, while the second is on their understanding and perception of money and need within their families. The third and final section is on children's perceptions of the impact of poverty on their lives.
Hugh Dauncey
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846318351
- eISBN:
- 9781846317859
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317859
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This book aims to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport, and industry that is cycling in France. Identifying key events, practices, stakeholders and ...
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This book aims to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport, and industry that is cycling in France. Identifying key events, practices, stakeholders and institutions in the history of French cycling, it presents an interdisciplinary analysis of how cycling has been significant in French society and culture since the late nineteenth century. Cycling as leisure is considered through reference to the adoption of the bicycle as an instrument of tourism and emancipation by women in the 1880s, for example, or by study of the development in the 1990s of long-distance tourist cycle routes. Cycling as sport and its attendant dimensions of amateurism/professionalism, national identity, the body and doping, and other issues is investigated through study of the history of the Tour de France, the track-racing organised at the Vélodrome d'hiver in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s, and other emblematic events. Cycling as industry and economic activity is considered through an assessment of how cycling firms have contributed to technological innovation at various junctures in France's economic development. Cycling and the media is investigated through analysis of how cyclesport has contributed to developments in the French press (in early decades) but also to new trends in television and radio coverage of sports events. Based on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the book aims to present an explanation of the varied significance of cycling in France over the last hundred years.Less
This book aims to provide a balanced and detailed analytical survey of the complex leisure activity, sport, and industry that is cycling in France. Identifying key events, practices, stakeholders and institutions in the history of French cycling, it presents an interdisciplinary analysis of how cycling has been significant in French society and culture since the late nineteenth century. Cycling as leisure is considered through reference to the adoption of the bicycle as an instrument of tourism and emancipation by women in the 1880s, for example, or by study of the development in the 1990s of long-distance tourist cycle routes. Cycling as sport and its attendant dimensions of amateurism/professionalism, national identity, the body and doping, and other issues is investigated through study of the history of the Tour de France, the track-racing organised at the Vélodrome d'hiver in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s, and other emblematic events. Cycling as industry and economic activity is considered through an assessment of how cycling firms have contributed to technological innovation at various junctures in France's economic development. Cycling and the media is investigated through analysis of how cyclesport has contributed to developments in the French press (in early decades) but also to new trends in television and radio coverage of sports events. Based on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the book aims to present an explanation of the varied significance of cycling in France over the last hundred years.
Keith Beattie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719078552
- eISBN:
- 9781781701836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719078552.003.0014
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Spare Time was Humphrey Jennings' first, and the last major, film of the General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit before it became the Crown Film Unit late in 1940. This chapter discusses different ...
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Spare Time was Humphrey Jennings' first, and the last major, film of the General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit before it became the Crown Film Unit late in 1940. This chapter discusses different elements of one of the best films the GPO ever made, Spare Time. The general purpose of the film was to show that workers of all grades have a secondary life, over and above their working life, in which colliers may become musicians, musicians may become engineers, and engineers may become dog-fanciers. The film is in three sections; each one is devoted to an industrial city or region and associated leisure activities. The three industries are steel (Sheffield), cotton (Bolton and Manchester) and coal (Pontypridd). The combined effect of the three sections is a reflection on aspects of English character and culture through a focus on region and leisure, with the latter contrasted to scenes and spaces related to work.Less
Spare Time was Humphrey Jennings' first, and the last major, film of the General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit before it became the Crown Film Unit late in 1940. This chapter discusses different elements of one of the best films the GPO ever made, Spare Time. The general purpose of the film was to show that workers of all grades have a secondary life, over and above their working life, in which colliers may become musicians, musicians may become engineers, and engineers may become dog-fanciers. The film is in three sections; each one is devoted to an industrial city or region and associated leisure activities. The three industries are steel (Sheffield), cotton (Bolton and Manchester) and coal (Pontypridd). The combined effect of the three sections is a reflection on aspects of English character and culture through a focus on region and leisure, with the latter contrasted to scenes and spaces related to work.
Charlotte Fritz and Tori Crain
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190217662
- eISBN:
- 9780190600822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190217662.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The chapter “Recovery from work and employee sleep” focuses on specific employee experiences and activities during nonwork time that may impact the quality and quantity of employee sleep. First, it ...
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The chapter “Recovery from work and employee sleep” focuses on specific employee experiences and activities during nonwork time that may impact the quality and quantity of employee sleep. First, it introduces several theoretical frameworks that can help understand the possible relationships between nonwork experiences and sleep. It then describes a variety of experiences and activities that are common during nonwork time. Next, the chapter reviews past research differentiating between time-based, thought-based, and arousal-based processes. Findings regarding time-based processes include technology use, personal care, caregiving, and leisure activities. Research related to thought-based processes refers to work-related as well as nonwork-related thoughts, worry/rumination, and mental rest and relaxation. Finally, research around arousal-based processes includes technology use, social interaction, and exercise. The chapter ends with suggested implications for research and practice considering all three processes.Less
The chapter “Recovery from work and employee sleep” focuses on specific employee experiences and activities during nonwork time that may impact the quality and quantity of employee sleep. First, it introduces several theoretical frameworks that can help understand the possible relationships between nonwork experiences and sleep. It then describes a variety of experiences and activities that are common during nonwork time. Next, the chapter reviews past research differentiating between time-based, thought-based, and arousal-based processes. Findings regarding time-based processes include technology use, personal care, caregiving, and leisure activities. Research related to thought-based processes refers to work-related as well as nonwork-related thoughts, worry/rumination, and mental rest and relaxation. Finally, research around arousal-based processes includes technology use, social interaction, and exercise. The chapter ends with suggested implications for research and practice considering all three processes.
Patricia Lim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099906
- eISBN:
- 9789882207714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099906.003.0017
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter discusses the society of Hong Kong during the late nineteenth century. It begins by discussing cultural and leisure activities during the 1870s, which included amateur theatrical ...
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This chapter discusses the society of Hong Kong during the late nineteenth century. It begins by discussing cultural and leisure activities during the 1870s, which included amateur theatrical performances and the revival of the Debating Society. It looks at the social distinctions in the country, most especially between the merchants and tradesmen. The Hong Kong Club, the visit of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and the changes that occurred in the social set-up are also discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the society of Hong Kong during the late nineteenth century. It begins by discussing cultural and leisure activities during the 1870s, which included amateur theatrical performances and the revival of the Debating Society. It looks at the social distinctions in the country, most especially between the merchants and tradesmen. The Hong Kong Club, the visit of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and the changes that occurred in the social set-up are also discussed.
Hilary Levey Friedman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520276758
- eISBN:
- 9780520956698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520276758.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This introductory chapter argues that American families today have been busier than the previous generation, with parents working more hours outside of the home and children spending more time in ...
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This introductory chapter argues that American families today have been busier than the previous generation, with parents working more hours outside of the home and children spending more time in organized settings. Middle-class parents are racing from work to children's classes and practices to home everyday. Anthropologist Marjorie Goodwin explains that “increasingly middle class parents are going to extraordinary lengths to foster their children's talents through maintaining a hectic schedule of organized leisure activities.” On that note, sociologists Annette Lareau highlights that this generation of parents conducts a “concerted cultivation,” the organized and interactive activity in which children are admonished to question adults in a variety of institutional settings.Less
This introductory chapter argues that American families today have been busier than the previous generation, with parents working more hours outside of the home and children spending more time in organized settings. Middle-class parents are racing from work to children's classes and practices to home everyday. Anthropologist Marjorie Goodwin explains that “increasingly middle class parents are going to extraordinary lengths to foster their children's talents through maintaining a hectic schedule of organized leisure activities.” On that note, sociologists Annette Lareau highlights that this generation of parents conducts a “concerted cultivation,” the organized and interactive activity in which children are admonished to question adults in a variety of institutional settings.
Ian Bogost
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816676460
- eISBN:
- 9781452947617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816676460.003.0017
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter analyzes the role of videogames in exercise. “Exergames” hope to increase the interactivity demands of videogames, such that players may reach the levels and rates of activity required ...
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This chapter analyzes the role of videogames in exercise. “Exergames” hope to increase the interactivity demands of videogames, such that players may reach the levels and rates of activity required for a workout, thus replacing a sedentary leisure activity with active leisure activity. Exergames must inspire their players to move, but they also must inspire them to want to move. In doing so, these games both adopt existing rituals and practices form other domains, like sports, and establish new ones unique to videogames. These games both simulate and create the social rituals that make players want to be physically active.Less
This chapter analyzes the role of videogames in exercise. “Exergames” hope to increase the interactivity demands of videogames, such that players may reach the levels and rates of activity required for a workout, thus replacing a sedentary leisure activity with active leisure activity. Exergames must inspire their players to move, but they also must inspire them to want to move. In doing so, these games both adopt existing rituals and practices form other domains, like sports, and establish new ones unique to videogames. These games both simulate and create the social rituals that make players want to be physically active.
Kathleen Deagan and José María Cruxent
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300090413
- eISBN:
- 9780300133912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300090413.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter focuses on the various facets of domestic life at La Isabela. La Isabela was dramatically different from other late fifteenth-century European towns in many ways. The population was ...
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This chapter focuses on the various facets of domestic life at La Isabela. La Isabela was dramatically different from other late fifteenth-century European towns in many ways. The population was virtually all male and was located in an utterly isolated and essentially alien place at the edge of the Spaniards' known world. It nevertheless contained a community of people who faced most of the concerns common to households and communities everywhere, which includes household organization, health and sanitation, religious life, personal appearance, social hierarchy, leisure activities, and personal economy. The absence of women undoubtedly shaped domestic life in a dramatic way and the men who formed the households of the town still had to provide for food, clothing, lighting, sanitation, and other domestic necessities.Less
This chapter focuses on the various facets of domestic life at La Isabela. La Isabela was dramatically different from other late fifteenth-century European towns in many ways. The population was virtually all male and was located in an utterly isolated and essentially alien place at the edge of the Spaniards' known world. It nevertheless contained a community of people who faced most of the concerns common to households and communities everywhere, which includes household organization, health and sanitation, religious life, personal appearance, social hierarchy, leisure activities, and personal economy. The absence of women undoubtedly shaped domestic life in a dramatic way and the men who formed the households of the town still had to provide for food, clothing, lighting, sanitation, and other domestic necessities.
Jacqueline M. Moore
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814757390
- eISBN:
- 9780814759844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814757390.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter looks at how cowboys increasingly turned to their leisure activities to define and display their manhood, only to find, once again, that cattlemen and other respectable townspeople tried ...
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This chapter looks at how cowboys increasingly turned to their leisure activities to define and display their manhood, only to find, once again, that cattlemen and other respectable townspeople tried to limit these activities as well. It examines how the men themselves defined masculinity through their friendships and associations. Cowboys used humor against their employers and racism against nonwhites to bolster their own masculine identity as they lost opportunities to display it elsewhere. Anglo cowboys maintained a sense of self-worth through comparison with and denigration of the many black and Hispanic cowboys. Tied into both Anglo cowboys' and cattlemen's ideals of masculinity was a racial ideology that placed white men, whatever their social status, as being superior to other ethnicities. Thus, the cowboys' sense of masculinity was in part created in defense against social realities.Less
This chapter looks at how cowboys increasingly turned to their leisure activities to define and display their manhood, only to find, once again, that cattlemen and other respectable townspeople tried to limit these activities as well. It examines how the men themselves defined masculinity through their friendships and associations. Cowboys used humor against their employers and racism against nonwhites to bolster their own masculine identity as they lost opportunities to display it elsewhere. Anglo cowboys maintained a sense of self-worth through comparison with and denigration of the many black and Hispanic cowboys. Tied into both Anglo cowboys' and cattlemen's ideals of masculinity was a racial ideology that placed white men, whatever their social status, as being superior to other ethnicities. Thus, the cowboys' sense of masculinity was in part created in defense against social realities.
Eduardo Sáenz Rovner
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831755
- eISBN:
- 9781469605722
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888582_saenz_rovner.7
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter focuses on the use of Opium and how its use expanded into other parts of the world, including Cuba, as the number of Chinese migrants grew to massive numbers. Opium had been used in ...
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This chapter focuses on the use of Opium and how its use expanded into other parts of the world, including Cuba, as the number of Chinese migrants grew to massive numbers. Opium had been used in China as a medicinal drug since the ninth century, hundreds of years before the European empires established colonial beachheads there. While the number of Chinese who used opium grew ever higher during the nineteenth century, most users apparently did so in moderation, often for social reasons, without becoming addicted or harming their health. Those who smoked the drug in China did not sit slumped in seedy opium dens, with eyes glazed over, as popularly depicted in the Western media. On the contrary, users came together in social and fraternal halls that scarcely differed in any way from other well-ordered and respectable venues of leisure activity and social intermingling.Less
This chapter focuses on the use of Opium and how its use expanded into other parts of the world, including Cuba, as the number of Chinese migrants grew to massive numbers. Opium had been used in China as a medicinal drug since the ninth century, hundreds of years before the European empires established colonial beachheads there. While the number of Chinese who used opium grew ever higher during the nineteenth century, most users apparently did so in moderation, often for social reasons, without becoming addicted or harming their health. Those who smoked the drug in China did not sit slumped in seedy opium dens, with eyes glazed over, as popularly depicted in the Western media. On the contrary, users came together in social and fraternal halls that scarcely differed in any way from other well-ordered and respectable venues of leisure activity and social intermingling.
