Winston Harrington and Richard D. Morgenstern
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195189650
- eISBN:
- 9780199783694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189650.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This essay presents the results of an international effort to compare the actual outcomes of pollution control policies using economic incentive (EI) instruments with those using direct regulation or ...
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This essay presents the results of an international effort to compare the actual outcomes of pollution control policies using economic incentive (EI) instruments with those using direct regulation or “command and control” (CAC). For six environmental problems, the policies used by the federal government in the United States are compared with the policies of one or more Western European countries. To the extent possible the problems and the policies were chosen so that a CAC policy on one side of the Atlantic is paired with an EI policy on the other. The six problems are: (1) SO2 emissions from utility and industrial boilers, (2) NOx emissions from utility and industrial boilers, (3) point source industrial water pollution, (4) phase out of leaded gasoline, (5) phase out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and (6) chlorinated solvents.Less
This essay presents the results of an international effort to compare the actual outcomes of pollution control policies using economic incentive (EI) instruments with those using direct regulation or “command and control” (CAC). For six environmental problems, the policies used by the federal government in the United States are compared with the policies of one or more Western European countries. To the extent possible the problems and the policies were chosen so that a CAC policy on one side of the Atlantic is paired with an EI policy on the other. The six problems are: (1) SO2 emissions from utility and industrial boilers, (2) NOx emissions from utility and industrial boilers, (3) point source industrial water pollution, (4) phase out of leaded gasoline, (5) phase out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and (6) chlorinated solvents.
Richard G. Newell and Kristian Rogers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195189650
- eISBN:
- 9780199783694
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189650.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This essay uses the case study of the phasedown of lead gasoline in the United States to argue that market-based instruments can be effective in meeting environmental objectives at a lower cost than ...
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This essay uses the case study of the phasedown of lead gasoline in the United States to argue that market-based instruments can be effective in meeting environmental objectives at a lower cost than uniform standards, and can do so more quickly where permit banking is allowed. The performance of the lead phasedown program is assessed along several dimensions, including its overall effectiveness, static and dynamic efficiency, revelation of costs, and distributional effects. It is argued that the program likely saved hundreds of millions of dollars over policies that would not have allowed trading and banking, and also provided incentives for the development of new technology.Less
This essay uses the case study of the phasedown of lead gasoline in the United States to argue that market-based instruments can be effective in meeting environmental objectives at a lower cost than uniform standards, and can do so more quickly where permit banking is allowed. The performance of the lead phasedown program is assessed along several dimensions, including its overall effectiveness, static and dynamic efficiency, revelation of costs, and distributional effects. It is argued that the program likely saved hundreds of millions of dollars over policies that would not have allowed trading and banking, and also provided incentives for the development of new technology.
Maximilian de Gaynesford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199287826
- eISBN:
- 9780191603570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199287821.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
I fulfils its referential function in the deictic mode. Deictic terms fulfil their referential role by the action of making an individual salient. That is the genus to which ...
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I fulfils its referential function in the deictic mode. Deictic terms fulfil their referential role by the action of making an individual salient. That is the genus to which demonstration, utterance-relative uniqueness, and leading candidature belong as species. I fulfils its referential role by making an individual salient. Salience is the determinant of the term.Less
I fulfils its referential function in the deictic mode. Deictic terms fulfil their referential role by the action of making an individual salient. That is the genus to which demonstration, utterance-relative uniqueness, and leading candidature belong as species. I fulfils its referential role by making an individual salient. Salience is the determinant of the term.
Lainie Friedman Ross
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199273287
- eISBN:
- 9780191603655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199273286.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
In August 2001, the Maryland Court of Appeals harshly criticized the Kennedy Krieger Institute of Johns Hopkins University for knowingly exposing poor children to lead-based paint. This chapter ...
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In August 2001, the Maryland Court of Appeals harshly criticized the Kennedy Krieger Institute of Johns Hopkins University for knowingly exposing poor children to lead-based paint. This chapter examines the court’s ruling that parents cannot consent to nontherapeutic research that poses any degree of risk to children subjects. It argues that the court was mistaken because parents legally can and morally should be allowed to consent to some nontherapeutic research. The research methodology to determine whether the research is approvable under the current federal regulations is also examined to refine what is meant by being ‘at risk’ for a ‘disorder or condition’.Less
In August 2001, the Maryland Court of Appeals harshly criticized the Kennedy Krieger Institute of Johns Hopkins University for knowingly exposing poor children to lead-based paint. This chapter examines the court’s ruling that parents cannot consent to nontherapeutic research that poses any degree of risk to children subjects. It argues that the court was mistaken because parents legally can and morally should be allowed to consent to some nontherapeutic research. The research methodology to determine whether the research is approvable under the current federal regulations is also examined to refine what is meant by being ‘at risk’ for a ‘disorder or condition’.
Maximilian de Gaynesford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199287826
- eISBN:
- 9780191603570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199287821.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
The referential function of any singular term is to provide a positive answer to the question: ‘which individual is being spoken of?’, that is, to achieve determinacy of reference. What enables a ...
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The referential function of any singular term is to provide a positive answer to the question: ‘which individual is being spoken of?’, that is, to achieve determinacy of reference. What enables a singular term to carry out this function is the ‘determinant’ of the term. Demonstration is not the determinant of deictic terms because they can fulfil their referential function by appeal to utterance-relative uniqueness, or by leading candidacy given the surrounding discourse or perceptual environment.Less
The referential function of any singular term is to provide a positive answer to the question: ‘which individual is being spoken of?’, that is, to achieve determinacy of reference. What enables a singular term to carry out this function is the ‘determinant’ of the term. Demonstration is not the determinant of deictic terms because they can fulfil their referential function by appeal to utterance-relative uniqueness, or by leading candidacy given the surrounding discourse or perceptual environment.
Antonio J. Junqueira Botelho, Giancarlo Stefanuto, and Francisco Veloso
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275601
- eISBN:
- 9780191705823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275601.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
Starting in the early 1990s, a growing and increasingly open Brazilian economy spurred extraordinary development in the domestic IT and software sectors. Firms across the economy invested in IT and ...
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Starting in the early 1990s, a growing and increasingly open Brazilian economy spurred extraordinary development in the domestic IT and software sectors. Firms across the economy invested in IT and created demand for the nascent software industry. However, the market incentives drove a number of software firms towards serving numerous regional clients, instead of the riskier strategy of investing in product development or pursuing service exports. As a result, Brazilian companies matured more slowly compared to India and other developing countries emerging as lead players in the international software market. Industry prospects changed with the emergence of lead domestic client sectors in banking and telecom, and with the growth of competition, coupled with a strong entrepreneurial culture. These observations demonstrate that there are alternative paths to those followed by India, Ireland, and Israel in the acquisition of competencies in the software industry.Less
Starting in the early 1990s, a growing and increasingly open Brazilian economy spurred extraordinary development in the domestic IT and software sectors. Firms across the economy invested in IT and created demand for the nascent software industry. However, the market incentives drove a number of software firms towards serving numerous regional clients, instead of the riskier strategy of investing in product development or pursuing service exports. As a result, Brazilian companies matured more slowly compared to India and other developing countries emerging as lead players in the international software market. Industry prospects changed with the emergence of lead domestic client sectors in banking and telecom, and with the growth of competition, coupled with a strong entrepreneurial culture. These observations demonstrate that there are alternative paths to those followed by India, Ireland, and Israel in the acquisition of competencies in the software industry.
GÜNTHER DISSERTORI, IAN G. KNOWLES, and MICHAEL SCHMELLING
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566419
- eISBN:
- 9780191708060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566419.003.0014
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
This chapter reviews the discussions in the preceding chapters. Starting from its historical development, the lagrangian of QCD is introduced and its phenomenological consequences worked out in ...
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This chapter reviews the discussions in the preceding chapters. Starting from its historical development, the lagrangian of QCD is introduced and its phenomenological consequences worked out in detail in the framework of perturbative QCD. Experiments on various high-energy reactions are discussed which determine the structure of QCD and its free parameters. Perturbative QCD is treated on the level of fixed order matrix element calculations, including renormalization, the leading-log approximation, and QCD-inspired heuristic and numerical Monte Carlo models.Less
This chapter reviews the discussions in the preceding chapters. Starting from its historical development, the lagrangian of QCD is introduced and its phenomenological consequences worked out in detail in the framework of perturbative QCD. Experiments on various high-energy reactions are discussed which determine the structure of QCD and its free parameters. Perturbative QCD is treated on the level of fixed order matrix element calculations, including renormalization, the leading-log approximation, and QCD-inspired heuristic and numerical Monte Carlo models.
Michael Chui and Prasanna Gai
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199267750
- eISBN:
- 9780191602504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267758.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Presents a critical overview of the literature on early warning systems and leading indicators of crisis. Examines the signalling method, the discrete choice approach, and structural models. ...
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Presents a critical overview of the literature on early warning systems and leading indicators of crisis. Examines the signalling method, the discrete choice approach, and structural models. Concludes with a critical evaluation of the econometric methodology used in this literature and an assessment of the empirical literature on contagion.Less
Presents a critical overview of the literature on early warning systems and leading indicators of crisis. Examines the signalling method, the discrete choice approach, and structural models. Concludes with a critical evaluation of the econometric methodology used in this literature and an assessment of the empirical literature on contagion.
Richard Whittington and Michael Mayer
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199251049
- eISBN:
- 9780191714382
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251049.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This book traces the evolution of the large industrial corporation in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the 1990s. It combines long-run trends with illustrative case studies ...
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This book traces the evolution of the large industrial corporation in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the 1990s. It combines long-run trends with illustrative case studies of leading companies and their managers to present a complex picture of corporate change. In particular, it highlights the paradox of increasingly similar patterns of corporate strategy and structure across advanced industrial nations with continuing marked differences in corporate ownership, control, and managerial élites. Despite strong institutional contrasts between the leading European economies, and regardless of the decline of the American model of management, big business in Europe has continued to follow a strategic and structural model pioneered in the United States during the first half of the 20th century and encapsulated long ago in Alfred Chandler's (1962) Strategy and Structure. This finding of similar patterns of corporate strategy and structure across Europe challenges recent relativist perspectives on organisations found in postmodern, culturalist, and institutionalist social science. Nevertheless, it does not endorse standard universalist accounts of convergence either. The book distinguishes between Chandlerism, with its original ideology of universalism, and the broader Chandlerian perspective, an enduring but evolving core of good sense about the corporation in certain kinds of advanced economies. Thus, the book shows how the surprising success of conglomerate diversification and the increasing adoption of a more ‘networked’ multidivisional structure simply extends the core principles of the Chandlerian perspective.Less
This book traces the evolution of the large industrial corporation in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the 1990s. It combines long-run trends with illustrative case studies of leading companies and their managers to present a complex picture of corporate change. In particular, it highlights the paradox of increasingly similar patterns of corporate strategy and structure across advanced industrial nations with continuing marked differences in corporate ownership, control, and managerial élites. Despite strong institutional contrasts between the leading European economies, and regardless of the decline of the American model of management, big business in Europe has continued to follow a strategic and structural model pioneered in the United States during the first half of the 20th century and encapsulated long ago in Alfred Chandler's (1962) Strategy and Structure. This finding of similar patterns of corporate strategy and structure across Europe challenges recent relativist perspectives on organisations found in postmodern, culturalist, and institutionalist social science. Nevertheless, it does not endorse standard universalist accounts of convergence either. The book distinguishes between Chandlerism, with its original ideology of universalism, and the broader Chandlerian perspective, an enduring but evolving core of good sense about the corporation in certain kinds of advanced economies. Thus, the book shows how the surprising success of conglomerate diversification and the increasing adoption of a more ‘networked’ multidivisional structure simply extends the core principles of the Chandlerian perspective.
Mary-Ann Constantine and Gerald Porter
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262887
- eISBN:
- 9780191734441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262887.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter discusses resistance and the subaltern voice present in prison work songs. It shows that the songs that accompany work and follow its rhythm stand as a collective challenge to ideas of ...
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This chapter discusses resistance and the subaltern voice present in prison work songs. It shows that the songs that accompany work and follow its rhythm stand as a collective challenge to ideas of what makes a ‘complete’ or shapely song. The chapter presents excerpts of several prison songs, which show that these songs are full of breaks, have episodes that return to their starting-point, and that their leads are not followed up. These songs assume not only a world ‘out there’, but also a context of more or less indefinite variation.Less
This chapter discusses resistance and the subaltern voice present in prison work songs. It shows that the songs that accompany work and follow its rhythm stand as a collective challenge to ideas of what makes a ‘complete’ or shapely song. The chapter presents excerpts of several prison songs, which show that these songs are full of breaks, have episodes that return to their starting-point, and that their leads are not followed up. These songs assume not only a world ‘out there’, but also a context of more or less indefinite variation.
Walter van de Leur
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195124484
- eISBN:
- 9780199868711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195124484.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter brings up the various distinctive techniques in Strayhorn’s composing and arranging. These include through-composed forms with developmental sections and integrated introductions, ...
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This chapter brings up the various distinctive techniques in Strayhorn’s composing and arranging. These include through-composed forms with developmental sections and integrated introductions, transitory sections and codas. His clever use of temporary modulations points up his control over harmony and counterpoint. The chapter shows how Strayhorn further availed himself of a variety of elements — harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic figures and passages that not only guarantee the internal cohesion of a given piece, but also strongly unify his works as a whole, clearly setting it apart it from Ellington’s oeuvre. The characteristics that allow the listener to distinguish Strayhorn’s work from Ellington’s are detailed: specific usage of dissonance, chords, voice leading, instrumentation, rhythmic figures, textures, and backgrounds.Less
This chapter brings up the various distinctive techniques in Strayhorn’s composing and arranging. These include through-composed forms with developmental sections and integrated introductions, transitory sections and codas. His clever use of temporary modulations points up his control over harmony and counterpoint. The chapter shows how Strayhorn further availed himself of a variety of elements — harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic figures and passages that not only guarantee the internal cohesion of a given piece, but also strongly unify his works as a whole, clearly setting it apart it from Ellington’s oeuvre. The characteristics that allow the listener to distinguish Strayhorn’s work from Ellington’s are detailed: specific usage of dissonance, chords, voice leading, instrumentation, rhythmic figures, textures, and backgrounds.
Fred Lerdahl
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195178296
- eISBN:
- 9780199870370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178296.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter elaborates a new approach to tonal and harmonic function. To do this, it establishes a frame of reference; so it first develops a tonic-finding method, based on the principle of the ...
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This chapter elaborates a new approach to tonal and harmonic function. To do this, it establishes a frame of reference; so it first develops a tonic-finding method, based on the principle of the shortest path. The method is illustrated by examples from Beethoven and Wagner. A theory of function as prolongational position is then proposed and illustrated by excerpts from Bach, Schumann, and Wagner. Issues of functionality are considered, including the notion of functional prolongations. With these analytic tools in hand, the discussion moves to the characterization of standard voice-leading and harmonic schemas in the galant and Classical styles. An analysis of a piece by Mendelssohn illustrates the concept of schematic tension.Less
This chapter elaborates a new approach to tonal and harmonic function. To do this, it establishes a frame of reference; so it first develops a tonic-finding method, based on the principle of the shortest path. The method is illustrated by examples from Beethoven and Wagner. A theory of function as prolongational position is then proposed and illustrated by excerpts from Bach, Schumann, and Wagner. Issues of functionality are considered, including the notion of functional prolongations. With these analytic tools in hand, the discussion moves to the characterization of standard voice-leading and harmonic schemas in the galant and Classical styles. An analysis of a piece by Mendelssohn illustrates the concept of schematic tension.
Fred Lerdahl
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195178296
- eISBN:
- 9780199870370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178296.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter applies the constructs worked out in Chapter 6 to the analysis of chromatic music, beginning with passages in Wagner, Debussy, and Stravinsky. Psychoacoustic factors in prolongational ...
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This chapter applies the constructs worked out in Chapter 6 to the analysis of chromatic music, beginning with passages in Wagner, Debussy, and Stravinsky. Psychoacoustic factors in prolongational analysis, including salience conditions, anchoring in a melodic stream, and sensory consonance and dissonance, are motivated through excerpts in Debussy and early Schoenberg. These factors are stated and then applied in a detailed analysis of a piece by Scriabin. Leading-tone formations in the music of Bartók and Stravinsky are considered in relation to previous chromatic practice and to dissonant chord structures in contemporaneous atonal music. The notion of vertical reduction is developed.Less
This chapter applies the constructs worked out in Chapter 6 to the analysis of chromatic music, beginning with passages in Wagner, Debussy, and Stravinsky. Psychoacoustic factors in prolongational analysis, including salience conditions, anchoring in a melodic stream, and sensory consonance and dissonance, are motivated through excerpts in Debussy and early Schoenberg. These factors are stated and then applied in a detailed analysis of a piece by Scriabin. Leading-tone formations in the music of Bartók and Stravinsky are considered in relation to previous chromatic practice and to dissonant chord structures in contemporaneous atonal music. The notion of vertical reduction is developed.
John J. Videler
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299928
- eISBN:
- 9780191714924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299928.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
The wings of all flying birds consist of two parts: the arm wing and the hand wing. Cross sections through the arm wings have a round leading edge, a cambered shape, and a sharp trailing edge. The ...
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The wings of all flying birds consist of two parts: the arm wing and the hand wing. Cross sections through the arm wings have a round leading edge, a cambered shape, and a sharp trailing edge. The hand wing consists mainly of the primary feathers; its cross section is flat, and the leading edge and the trailing edge are both sharp. In most birds, the hand wing takes up more than half the total wing length. Movements of the wings with respect to the body depend on the freedom of movement of the joints at the shoulder and the wrist combined. The dynamics of folding and stretching are described. Dimensional scaling provides insight in differences among functional groups. Experiments show that the distal-most primaries are crucial for the ability to fly. The roles of the tail, the body, and hind limbs in flight are discussed.Less
The wings of all flying birds consist of two parts: the arm wing and the hand wing. Cross sections through the arm wings have a round leading edge, a cambered shape, and a sharp trailing edge. The hand wing consists mainly of the primary feathers; its cross section is flat, and the leading edge and the trailing edge are both sharp. In most birds, the hand wing takes up more than half the total wing length. Movements of the wings with respect to the body depend on the freedom of movement of the joints at the shoulder and the wrist combined. The dynamics of folding and stretching are described. Dimensional scaling provides insight in differences among functional groups. Experiments show that the distal-most primaries are crucial for the ability to fly. The roles of the tail, the body, and hind limbs in flight are discussed.
John J. Videler
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299928
- eISBN:
- 9780191714924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299928.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
Main forces on a flying bird are lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Quantitative visualization of the flow shows how these forces result from the interactions between bird and air. Conventional flow ...
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Main forces on a flying bird are lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Quantitative visualization of the flow shows how these forces result from the interactions between bird and air. Conventional flow around cambered arm wings with rounded leading edges and sharp trailing edges is attached and deflected downwards behind the wings. A starting vortex needs to be shed before the full lift force is produced. Hand wings with sharp leading edges are flat and often used in swept back position to induce leading edge vortices (LEVs) above the wing. LEVs produce lift and drag instantaneously. The aerodynamics of flapping flight is more complex than that of gliding flight because thrust needs to be generated as well as lift. Birds most probably use combined effects of attached and LEV flow to accelerate air downwards and backwards. Most tails operate as delta wings when spread. LEVs are probably the main aerodynamic mechanism.Less
Main forces on a flying bird are lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Quantitative visualization of the flow shows how these forces result from the interactions between bird and air. Conventional flow around cambered arm wings with rounded leading edges and sharp trailing edges is attached and deflected downwards behind the wings. A starting vortex needs to be shed before the full lift force is produced. Hand wings with sharp leading edges are flat and often used in swept back position to induce leading edge vortices (LEVs) above the wing. LEVs produce lift and drag instantaneously. The aerodynamics of flapping flight is more complex than that of gliding flight because thrust needs to be generated as well as lift. Birds most probably use combined effects of attached and LEV flow to accelerate air downwards and backwards. Most tails operate as delta wings when spread. LEVs are probably the main aerodynamic mechanism.
A. W. Brian Simpson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198262992
- eISBN:
- 9780191682438
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198262992.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This book offers a collection of chapters by arguably the most popular legal historian writing today. Most of the chapters have not been previously published, and those which have appeared previously ...
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This book offers a collection of chapters by arguably the most popular legal historian writing today. Most of the chapters have not been previously published, and those which have appeared previously have been re-written to make the collection read more coherently. The collection is centred upon the theme of the leading case — a case where the judgment has established a long-lasting or far reaching precedent in common law, and the author has selected a number of these cases in order to illustrate how the precedents established by the cases have little or nothing to do with the trials themselves.Less
This book offers a collection of chapters by arguably the most popular legal historian writing today. Most of the chapters have not been previously published, and those which have appeared previously have been re-written to make the collection read more coherently. The collection is centred upon the theme of the leading case — a case where the judgment has established a long-lasting or far reaching precedent in common law, and the author has selected a number of these cases in order to illustrate how the precedents established by the cases have little or nothing to do with the trials themselves.
Michael Chui and Prasanna Gai
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199267750
- eISBN:
- 9780191602504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267758.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Presents an overview of Part 1 of the book—reviewing the key models in the theoretical and empirical literature on financial crises. Discusses how existing approaches can be reconciled using the ...
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Presents an overview of Part 1 of the book—reviewing the key models in the theoretical and empirical literature on financial crises. Discusses how existing approaches can be reconciled using the literature on global games and the literature on leading economic indicators of crisis.Less
Presents an overview of Part 1 of the book—reviewing the key models in the theoretical and empirical literature on financial crises. Discusses how existing approaches can be reconciled using the literature on global games and the literature on leading economic indicators of crisis.
Michael Freeman and David Napier (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580910
- eISBN:
- 9780191723025
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580910.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
Current Legal Issues, like its sister volume Current Legal Problems, is based upon an annual colloquium held at University College London. Each year, leading scholars from around the world gather to ...
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Current Legal Issues, like its sister volume Current Legal Problems, is based upon an annual colloquium held at University College London. Each year, leading scholars from around the world gather to discuss the relationship between law and another discipline of thought. Each colloquium examines how the external discipline is conceived in legal thought and argument, how the law is pictured in that discipline, and analyses points of controversy in the use — and abuse — of extra-legal arguments within legal theory and practice. Law and Anthropology, the latest volume in the Current Legal Issues series, offers an insight into the state of law and anthropology scholarship today. It focuses on the inter-connections between the two disciplines, and also includes case studies from around the world.Less
Current Legal Issues, like its sister volume Current Legal Problems, is based upon an annual colloquium held at University College London. Each year, leading scholars from around the world gather to discuss the relationship between law and another discipline of thought. Each colloquium examines how the external discipline is conceived in legal thought and argument, how the law is pictured in that discipline, and analyses points of controversy in the use — and abuse — of extra-legal arguments within legal theory and practice. Law and Anthropology, the latest volume in the Current Legal Issues series, offers an insight into the state of law and anthropology scholarship today. It focuses on the inter-connections between the two disciplines, and also includes case studies from around the world.
Jessica Moss
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199666164
- eISBN:
- 9780191751936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199666164.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
The Phaedrus claims that good logoi must be “put together like a living creature”, with parts that suit one another and the whole; but the dialogue itself seems to be a misshapen jumble. It begins as ...
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The Phaedrus claims that good logoi must be “put together like a living creature”, with parts that suit one another and the whole; but the dialogue itself seems to be a misshapen jumble. It begins as a series of elegant rhetorical speeches about love, and ends as a dry philosophical discussion of rhetoric. What makes it hang together? This essay argues for a new reading: the Phaedrus is a treatise on the kind of persuasion that Plato calls soul-leading (psuchagōgia). Here as in other dialogues Plato is concerned with how a philosopher can lead people’s souls (that is, their attention and concern) away from worldly things and toward the goods of philosophy – a task at which Socrates’ typical methods often fail. The two parts of the Phaedrus consider two methods of such soul-leading, love and rhetoric, and the dialogue as a whole asks how either or both can be successful. The events of the dialogue dramatize the endeavour, and unify the two proposed methods: we see Socrates engaged in an attempt at soul-leading, using as his tool Phaedrus’s love, not of another person, but of rhetoric.Less
The Phaedrus claims that good logoi must be “put together like a living creature”, with parts that suit one another and the whole; but the dialogue itself seems to be a misshapen jumble. It begins as a series of elegant rhetorical speeches about love, and ends as a dry philosophical discussion of rhetoric. What makes it hang together? This essay argues for a new reading: the Phaedrus is a treatise on the kind of persuasion that Plato calls soul-leading (psuchagōgia). Here as in other dialogues Plato is concerned with how a philosopher can lead people’s souls (that is, their attention and concern) away from worldly things and toward the goods of philosophy – a task at which Socrates’ typical methods often fail. The two parts of the Phaedrus consider two methods of such soul-leading, love and rhetoric, and the dialogue as a whole asks how either or both can be successful. The events of the dialogue dramatize the endeavour, and unify the two proposed methods: we see Socrates engaged in an attempt at soul-leading, using as his tool Phaedrus’s love, not of another person, but of rhetoric.
David. Huron
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034852
- eISBN:
- 9780262335447
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034852.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
Voice leading is the musical art of combining sounds over time. This book offers an accessible account of the cognitive and perceptual foundations of voice leading. Drawing on decades of scientific ...
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Voice leading is the musical art of combining sounds over time. This book offers an accessible account of the cognitive and perceptual foundations of voice leading. Drawing on decades of scientific research, explanations are provided for many practices and phenomena, including the perceptual dominance of the highest voice, chordal-tone doubling, direct octaves, embellishing tones, and the musical feeling of sounds “leading” somewhere. The traditional rules of voice leading are shown to align almost perfectly with modern scientific accounts of auditory perception. Expanding beyond chorale-style writing, the book shows how established perceptual principles can be used to compose, analyze, and critically understand any kind of acoustical texture from tune-and-accompaniment songs and symphonic orchestration to jazz combo arranging and abstract electroacoustic music. Finally, the book also reviews pertinent research establishing the role of learning and enculturation in auditory and musical perception.Less
Voice leading is the musical art of combining sounds over time. This book offers an accessible account of the cognitive and perceptual foundations of voice leading. Drawing on decades of scientific research, explanations are provided for many practices and phenomena, including the perceptual dominance of the highest voice, chordal-tone doubling, direct octaves, embellishing tones, and the musical feeling of sounds “leading” somewhere. The traditional rules of voice leading are shown to align almost perfectly with modern scientific accounts of auditory perception. Expanding beyond chorale-style writing, the book shows how established perceptual principles can be used to compose, analyze, and critically understand any kind of acoustical texture from tune-and-accompaniment songs and symphonic orchestration to jazz combo arranging and abstract electroacoustic music. Finally, the book also reviews pertinent research establishing the role of learning and enculturation in auditory and musical perception.
